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Lesson 6 Measures of Variability

The document discusses different measures of variability in statistics including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each measure for various datasets to describe how dispersed or consistent the data is.

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JIYAN BERACIS
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12 views

Lesson 6 Measures of Variability

The document discusses different measures of variability in statistics including range, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each measure for various datasets to describe how dispersed or consistent the data is.

Uploaded by

JIYAN BERACIS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 6

MEASURES OF
VARIABILITY
OBJECTIVE
•To describe data using
measures of variability, such
as range, variance, and
standard deviation
Measures of Variability
•In statistics, to describe data accurately,
statisticians must know more than the measures
of central tendency
•It is possible that the means for two datasets
might be the same but they differ in variability
•Other terms for variability are variation,
dispersion and spread
EXAMPLE:
• A testing lab wishes to test two experimental brands of
outdoor paint to see how long each will last before fading.
The testing lab makes 6 gallons of each paint to test. The
results (in months) are shown. Find the mean of each group.
Brand A Brand B
EXAMPLE:
• The mean for Brand A: months
• The mean for Brand B: months

Brand A Brand B
EXAMPLE:
• The mean for Brand A: months
• The mean for Brand B: months
•Since the means are equal, you might
conclude that both brands of paint last
equally well.
Even though the means are the same for both brands, the spread, or variation,
is quite different. Brand B performs more consistently; it is less variable or less
scattered. For the spread or variability of a data set, three measures are
commonly used: range, variance, and standard deviation.
RANGE
• highest value minus the lowest value
•The symbol R is used for the range
EXAMPLE:
• Find the range for Brand A:
• Find the range for Brand B:

Brand A Brand B
EXAMPLE:
• Find the range for Brand A:
• Find the range for Brand B:

Brand A Brand B
EXAMPLE:
• Find the range for Brand A:
• Find the range for Brand B:

Brand A Brand B
EXAMPLE:
• The salaries for the staff of the XYZ Company are shown here. Find
the range.
Staff Salary
Owner
Manager
Salary representative
Workers
EXAMPLE:
• The salaries for the staff of the XYZ Company are shown here. Find
the range.
Staff Salary
Owner
Manager
Salary representative
Workers

•
VARIANCE

Where
USES OF VARIANCE
1. to determine the variability of the data
if the variance or standard deviation is large,
the data are more dispersed. This information is
useful in comparing two (or more) data sets to
determine which is more (most) variable.
larger variance = more variable/dispersed/scattered
smaller variance = less variable/dispersed/scattered
USES OF VARIANCE
2. to determine the consistency of a variable

larger variance = less consistent


smaller variance = more consistent
EXAMPLE:
Find the variance for the amount of auto sales
for a sample of 6 years as shown below. The data
are in millions.

11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3


EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
The number of yards gained in playoff games is
shown. Find the variance.
193, 66, 136, 140, 157
EXAMPLE:
193, 66, 136, 140, 157
EXAMPLE:
193, 66, 136, 140, 157
EXAMPLE:
The normal daily high temperatures (in degrees
Fahrenheit) in January for 10 selected cities are
as follows. Find its variance.

50, 37, 29, 54, 30, 61, 47, 38, 34, 61


EXAMPLE:
The normal monthly precipitation (in inches) for
these same 10 cities is listed here. Find the
variance.

4.8, 2.6, 1.5, 1.8, 1.8, 3.3, 5.1, 1.1, 1.8, 2.5
Which set is more variable? The
temperature dataset or the precipitation
dataset? Note: Compare their variances.
The number of stories in the 5 tallest
buildings for two different cities is listed
below. Find the variance of each city.
Which city is more dispersed? Which city
is more consistent?
Houston: 75, 71, 64, 56, 53
Pittsburgh: 64, 54, 40, 32, 46
STANDARD DEVIATION
•Another type of measure of variability
•Square root of the variance
Variance vs. Standard Deviation

Variance Standard
Deviation
EXAMPLE:
Find the standard deviation for the amount of
auto sales for a sample of 6 years as shown
below. The data are in millions.

11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3


EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3
EXAMPLE:
11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3

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