SECTION 1

GENERAL
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS POH
• Wing span with strobe
light installed 36’
• The distance between L/H
and R/H main wheel 8’-4
½”
• Height 8’-9 1/2” Max
• Lengt 26’-11”
 ENGINE AND PROPELLER
• Manufacturer Avco Lycoming
• Model Number : O-320-D2J ( IO – fuel Injection )
• Horizontally Opposed 4 Cylinder 391.8 cu.in. 160 BHP (119 kW) at
2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio
8.50:1.
• Propeller McCauley - Diameter 75 inches Max
- Diameter 74 inches Min
 FUEL
Fuel Grade And color :
80 ( Red )
100 grade aviation fuel ( Green )
100LL grade aviation fuel ( Blue )
Fuel Capacity :
Standard tank - Total Capacity 43 gallons (21.5 g each tank)
- Total Usable 40 gallons
Long Range Tank - Total Capacity 54 gallons (27 g each tank)
- Total Usable 50 gallons
Integral Tank - Total Capacity 68 gallons (34 g each tank)
- Total usable 62 gallons
 History of AVGAS Grades

• Avgas is gasoline fuel for reciprocating piston engined aircraft. As with all gasolines, avgas is very volatile and is
extremely flammable at normal operating temperatures. Procedures and equipment for safe handling of this
product must therefore be of the highest order.
• Avgas grades are defined primarily by their octane rating. Two ratings are applied to aviation gasolines (the lean
mixture rating and the rich mixture rating) which results in a multiple numbering system e.g. Avgas 100/130 (in this
case the lean mixture performance rating is 100 and the rich mixture rating is 130).
• In the past, there were many different grades of aviation gasoline in general use e.g. 80/87, 91/96,
100/130,108/135 and 115/145. However, with decreasing demand these have been rationalised down to one
principle grade, Avgas 100/130. (To avoid confusion and to minimise errors in handling aviation gasoline, it is
common practice to designate the grade by just the lean mixture performance, i.e. Avgas 100/130 becomes Avgas
100).
• Some years ago, an additional grade was introduced to allow one fuel to be used in engines originally designed for
grades with lower lead contents: this grade is called Avgas 100LL, the LL standing for 'low lead'.
• All equipment and facilities handling avgas are colour coded and display prominently the API markings denoting the
actual grade carried. Currently the two major grades in use internationally are Avgas 100LL and Avgas 100. To ease
identification the fuels are dyed i.e. Avgas 100LL is coloured blue, while Avgas 100 is coloured green.
• Very recently a new Avgas grade 82 UL (UL standing for unleaded) has been introduced. This is a low octane grade
suitable for low compression engines. It has a higher vapour pressure and can be manufactured from motor
gasoline components. It is particularly applicable to those aircraft which have STCs to use automotive gasoline.
 OIL
• Capacity 8 Quarts
• Sump 7 Quarts
• Minimum 5 Quarts ( fill to 7q for extended flight )
• Oil Grade
-Aviation Grade Straight Mineral Oil
MIL-L-6082 SAE 20W-50 ( All temperature )
- Ashless Dispersant Oil
MIL-L-22851 SAE 20W-50 ( All temperature )
 MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHT

Normal Category Utility Category

• Ramp : 2407 lbs • Ramp : 2107 lbs
• Takeoff : 2400 lbs • Takeoff : 2100 lbs
• Landing : 2400 lbs • Landing : 2100 lbs
• Max Useful Load • Maximum Useful Load
- Skyhawk : 980 lbs - Skyhawk : 680 lbs
- Skyhawk II : 953 lbs - Skyhawk II : 653 lbs

Empty Weight :
- 1427 lbs (Skyhawk)
 STANDARD AIR PLANE WEIGHT
Standard Empty Weight
Skyhawk : 1427 lbs
Skyhawk II : 1454 lbs
Maximum Useful Load :
Normal Category Utility Category
Skyhawk : 980 lbs 680 lbs
Kkyhawk II : 953 lbs 653 lbs
 SPECIFIC LOADING
Wing Loading : 13.8 lbs./sq.ft.
Power Loading : 15.0 lbs./hp.
 SYMBOL, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

AIR SPEED.
METEOROGICAL.
ENGINE POWER
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANING.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE.
SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS
 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS
•VNE 158 (KIAS)
•VNO 127 (KIAS)
•VA 82 – 99 (KIAS)
•VFE 110 – Flap 10
85 – Flap 10-30
Maximum Window Open 158 (KIAS)
 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKING
White Arc 41-85 KIAS Full Flap Operating
Range-VSO
Green Arc 47-128 KIAS Normal Operating
Range- VS
Yellow Arc 128-160 KIAS Operation only in
smooth air
Red Line 160 KIAS Maximum speed
 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENT MARKINGS

TACHOMETER 2100-2450 RPM ( SEA LEVEL )

2100-2575 RPM (5000 FEET )
2100-2700 RPM (10000 FEET)
OIL TEMPERATURE 100 - 245 F
OIL PRESSURE 60-90 psi (NORMAL)
-25 psi (MINIMUM LIMIT)
-115 psi (MAXIMUM LIMIT)
FUEL QUANTITY (see p.2-6)
SUCTION 4.5-5.4 in.Hg
AVCO LYCOMING O-320-D2J
 POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS
AVCO LYCOMING 0-320-H2AD
Operating limits for T/O and continuous Operations :
Max Power 160 BHP
Max Eng Speed 2700 RPM
Static RPM range at full throttle (carb heat off,mixture rich)
is 2280 to 2400 RPM
Max Oil temp : 118 C
Oil presure Min 25 psi Max 100 psi
Propeller McCauley (Max 75 inc – Min 74 inc )
 WEIGHT LIMITS AND CENTER OF GRAVITY

• NORMAL CATEGORY
• UTILITY CATEGORY
 CG LIMIT & DATUM
1. NORMAL CATEGORY
Forward : 35.0 inc aft of datum at 1950 lbs
or less, with staight line variation to 39.5 inc aft datum at 2400 lbs.
Aft : 47.5 inc aft of datum at all weights.
Reference Datum : Lower portion of front face of firewall.
2. UTILITY CATEGOTY
Forward : 35.0 inc aft of datum at 1950 lbs
or less, with staight line variation to 36.5 inc aft datum at 2100 lbs.
Aft : 40.5 inc aft of datum at all weights.
Reference Datum : Lower portion of front face of firewall.
 MANEUVER LIMITS
NORMAL CATEGORY UTILITY CATEGORY
• NON-AEROBATIC OPERATIONS • A/C NOT DESIGNED FOR PURELY AEROBATIC
FLIGHT EXCEPT :
INCLUDING SPINS - CHANDELLES........105 knots
- LAZY EIGHT...........105 knots
- STEEP TURN...........95 knots
- SPINS............SLOW DECELERATION
- STALLS..........SLOW DECELERATION
 FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS
NORMAL CATEGORY UTILITY CATEGORY
• FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR MAX • FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR MAX
T/O WEIGHT-2400 lbs T/O WEIGHT- 2100lbs
- FLAPS UP +3.8g – 1.52 g - FLAPS UP +4.4g – 1.76g
- FLAPS DOWN +3.0g - FLAPS DOWN +3.0g
DESIGN LOAD FACTORS 150%. DESIGN LOAD FACTOR 150%
 OPERATION LIMITS
• A/C EQUIPPED FOR DAY VFR
• MAY BE EQUIPPED FOR NIGHT VFR AND/OR IFR
Other Limitations
-Flap Limitation T/O : 0 to 10
Landing : 0 to 30
 FUEL LIMITATION
2.Standard Tank 43 U.S. gallons (usable 40)
2.Long Range Tank : 54 U.S. gallons (usable 50)
2.Integral Tanks : 68 U.S. gallons (usable 62)

T/O – LANDING ---------FUEL S valve BOTH

One Tank dry----------max slip/skid 30 sec
¼ tank / less--------prohibited prolonged uncoordinated
flight with one tank in level flight.
Approved Fuel Grades 100LL grade aviation fuel ( Blue )
100 (100/130) grade aviation fuel
(Green )
SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
CHECK LISTS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES
• ENGINE FAILURE • ENGINE FAILURE
• • FORCED LANDING
FORCED LANDING
• LANDING WITHOUT ELEVATOR CONTROL
• FIRES • FIRES
• ICING • EMERGENCY OPERATION IN CLOUD
• LANDING WITH A FLAT TIRE ( VACUUM FAILURE)
• • RECOVERY FROM A SPIRAL DIVE
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• INADVERTENT FLIGHT INTO ICING
MALFUNGTIONS CONDITIONS
• STATIC SOURCE BLOCKED
• SPINS
• ROUGH ENGINE OPERATION OR LOSS OF
A POWER
• ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
MALFUNCTION
 AIRSPEED FOR EMERGENCY
Engine failure after Take off :
Wing Flap Up 65 KIAS
Wing Flap Down 60 KIAS
Maneuvering Speed
2400 Lbs 99 KIAS
2000 Lbs 92 KIAS
1600 Lbs 82 KIAS
Maximum Glide 65 KIAS
Precautionary Landing With Engine Power 60 KIAS
 OPERAIONAL CHECKLIST
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL
Throttle-----------------Idle
Brakes------------------Apply
Wing Flaps------------Retract
Mixture-----------------Idle Cut-off
Ignition Switch-------Off
Master Switch--------Off
 ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER
TAKEOFF
Airspeed--------------- ------ Flaps Up 65 KlAS
Flaps Down 60 KIAS
Mixture----------------- ------ Idle Cut-off
Fuel selector Valve-------- Off
Ignition Switch-------------- Off
Wing Flaps------------------ As required
Master Switch-------------- Off
 ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT
(RESTART PROCEDURES)
Airspeed-------------- 65 KIAS
Carburator heat----- On
FSe V------------------ Both
Mixture---------------- Rich
Ign. Switch----------- Both (or START if proppeller is stop)
Primer----------------- In and locked
FORCED LANDINGS
Emergency landing without engine power
Airspeed -------------- Flaps Up 65 KlAS
Flap Down 60 KIAS
Mixture----------------- Idle cut-off
FSe V ----------------- off
Ign. Switch----------- off
Wing flaps------------As required (30 degrees recommended)
Doors ----------------- Unlatch prior to touch down
Master switch-------- Off
Touch down---------- Slightly tail low
Brakes-----------------Apply heavily
 PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE
POWER
1.Wing Flaps 20
2.Airspeed 60 KIAS
3.Selected Field FLY OVER, noting terrain and
obtructions, then retract flaps upon
reaching a safe altitude and
airspeed.

4.Avionic Power Switch and Electrical Switches OFF

5.Wing Flaps 30 (0n final approach)
6.Airspeed 60 KIAS
7.Master Switch OFF
8.Doors UNLATCH PRIOR
TOUCHDOWN
9.Touchdown SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
10.Ignition Switch OFF
11.Brakes APPLY HEAVILY
DITCHING
 DITCHING
1.Radio TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5MHz, giving location and
intentions and SQUAWK 7700 if transponder is installed
2.Heavy Objects (in baggage area) SECURE OR JETTISON
3.Approach High Winds, Heavy Seas---INTO THE WIND
Light Winds, Heavy Swells---PARALLEL TO SWELLS.
4.Wing Flaps 20 – 30
5.Power ESTABLISH 300 FT/MIN DESCENT AT 55 KIAS.

NOTE : If no power is available, approach at 65 KIAS with flaps up or at 60 KIAS with 10

flaps.

6.Cabin Doors UNLATCH

7.Touchdown LEVEL ATTITUDE AT ESTABLISHED RATE OF
DESCENT.
8.Face CUSHION at touchdown with folded coat.
9.Airplane EVACUATE through cabin doors. If necessary, open
window and flood cabin to equalize pressure so doors
can be opened.
10.Life Vest and Raft INFLATE
FIRE
 Engine fire in flight

Mixture Idle cut-off

FSe V Off
Master switch Off
Cabin heat and air Off (except overhead vents)
Airspeed 100 KIAS (if fire is not extinguished,
increase glide speed to find an airspeed
which will provide an
incombustible mixture)
Forced landing Execute (as described in emergency
landing without engine power)
 Electrical fire in flight
Master switch------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OFF
Avionics power switch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------OFF
All others switches (except ignition switch) --------------------------------------------------------------OFF
Vents/cabin air/heat---------------------------------------------------------------------------CLOSED
Fire extinguisher------------------------------------------------------------ACTIVATE (if available)
If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight :
Master Switch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ON
Circuit Breakers-------------------------------------------CHECK for faulty circuit, do not reset
Radio Switches---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OFF
Avionic Power Switch---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ON
Radio/Electical Switches-----ON one at the time, with delay after each until short circuit is
localized.
Vent/Cabin Air/Heat--------------------OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely
extinguished
• CABIN FIRE
• WING FIRE
ICING
 Static Source Blockage
Static Pressure alternate source valve (if installed)---
pull on
In an emergency on airplanes not equipped with an
alternate source cabin pressure can be supplied to the
static pressure instruments by breakingThe glass of
ASI instrument.
Pitot Tube Blockage
 LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE

1.Approach NORMAL.
2.Touchdown GOOD TIRE FIRST,hold
airplane off flat tire as
long as possible.
 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
MALFUNCTIONS
AMMETER SHOWS EXCESSIVE RATE OF CHARGE (Full
Scale Deflection)
1.Alternator OFF
2.Alternator Circuit Breaker PULL
3.Nonessential Electrical Equipment OFF
4.Flight TERMINATE
(as soon as practical)
 LOW VOLTAGE LIGHT ILLUMINATES
DURING FLIGHT
(Ammeter Indicates Discharge)
NOTE
Low voltage light may occur during low RPM.
1.Avionic Power Switch OFF
2.Alternator CB CHECK- IN
3.Master Switch OFF (both sides)
4.Master Switch ON
5.Low Voltage Light CHECK OFF
6Avionic Power Switch ON

If low voltage light illuminates again:

7.Alternator OFF
8.Nonessential Radio and Electrical Equipment OFF
9.Flight TERMINATE as soon as
practical.
 SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURE
• SPEEDS FOR NORMAL PROCEDURE
• CHECK LIST PROCEDURE
• AMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
SPEED FOR NORMAL OPERATION
 CHECKLIST PROCEDURES
1. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
2. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
3. STARTING ENGINE
4. BEFORE TAKEOFF
5. TAKEOFF : - NORMAL
- SHORT FIELD
6. ENROUTE CLIMB
7. CRUISE
8. DESCENT
9. BEFORE LANDING
10. LANDING - NORMAL-SHORT FIELD-BALKED LANDING
11. AFTER LANDING
12. SECURING AIRPLANE
 1.PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
1. CABIN
2. EMPENNAGE
3. RIGHT WING (TRAILING EDGE)
4. RIGHT WING
5. NOSE
6. LEFT WING
7. LEFT WING (LEADING EDGE)
8. LEFT WING(TRAILING EDGE)
FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND LIFE VEST
 PREFLIGHT
• Wing check • Oil check
 PREFLIGHT
• Fuel Check • Pitot check
2. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE.
3. STARTING ENGINE
4. BEFORE TAKEOFF
5. TAKEOFF - NORMAL TAKEOFF
- SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF

6. ENROUTE CLIMB.
7. CRUISE.
8. DESCENT
9. BEFORE LANDING.
10. LANDING - NORMAL LANDING
- SHORT FIELD LANDING
- CROSSWIND LANDING
- BALKED LANDING
11. AFTER LANDING.
12. SECURING AIRPLANE.
 TAXIING
• Carburetor Heat Off during all ground operation.
• Yoke in to the wind , down elevator (tail wind),
neutral elevator (head wind).
• Low engine speed when taxiing over loose gravel.
 TAKE OFF
BEFORE TAKE OFF – WARM UP
- MAGNETO CHECK
- ALTERNATOR CHECK
TAKE OFF - POWER CHECK
- WING FLAP SETTING
- CROSSWIND TAKE OFF
ENROUTE CLIMB
CRUISE

LEANING WITH A CESSNA ECONOMY MIXTURE INDICATOR (EGT*)

• 3000 feet above
• Cruising flight
• 75% power or less
• Peak EGT as reference point
• 4% greater range 3 knot decrease in speed
• Change throttle and altitude require recheck EGT indication

* EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE

STALLS AND SPINS
 LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
SHORT FIELD LANDING
CROSSWIND LANDING
BALKED LANDING
COLD WEATHER OPERATION
• STARTING - WITH PREHEAT
- WITHOUT PREHEAT
• FLIGHT OPERATIONS

HOT WEATHER OPERATION

NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
 SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE
• AIRSPEED CALIBRATION
• TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CHART
• STALL SPEEDS
• WIND COMPONENTS
• TAKEOFF DISTANCE
• MAXIMUM RATE OF CLIMB
• CRUISE PERFORMANCE
• RANGE PROFILE
• ENDURANCE PROFILE
• LANDING DISTANCE
SAMPLE PROBLEM
 SECTION 6
WEIGHT & BALANCE/EQUIPMENT
 SECTION 7
AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
• AIRFRAME
• FLIGHT CONTROL
• INSTRUMENT PANEL
• GROUND CONTROL
• WING FLAP SYSTEM
• LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
• BAGGAGE COMPARTEMENT
• SEATS
• SEAT BELT AND SHOULDER HARNESSES
• ENTRANCE DOORS AND CABIN WINDOWS
• CONTROL LOCKS
• ENGINE
• PROPELLER
• FUEL SYSTEM
• BRAKE SYSTEM
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• LIGHTING SYSTEM
• CABIN HEATING, VENTILATING AND DEFROSTING SYSTEM
• PITOT STATIC SYSTEM AND INSTRUMENT
• VACUM SYSTEM AND INSTRUMENT
• STALL WARNING SYSTEM
• AVIONICS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
 AIRFRAME
• All metal semimonocoque
• Fuselage construction conventional formed sheet metal
bulkhead, stringer ,skin.
• Wings construction ,front and rear spar with formed sheet
metal ribs, doublers, and stingers covered with aluminum
skin.
Note :Two types of wing designs are distinguished: wings that are
externally braced to the fuselage by struts, and wings lacking
struts.  Wings without struts are referred to as cantilever wings.
• Empennage consist of a conventional vertical stabilizer,
rudder, horizontal stabilizer, and elevator.
 Wing configuration
• Number and position of main-planes : Monoplane High wing
• Wing support : Semi Cantilever

• Wing planform :
Aspect ratio Moderate aspect ratio
Chord variation along span Tapered
Wing sweep Straight
Dihedral
• Cantilever
• Braced
 FLIGHT CONTROL
• AILERON
• RUDDER
• ELEVATOR

TRIM SYSTEM
FORWARD ROTATION-NOSE DOWN
BACKWARD ROTATION-NOSE UP
Aileron 20 + 1
15 + 1

Elevator 28 + 1
23 + 1
 INSTRUMENT PANEL
• BASIC “T’’ CONFIGURATION
 GROUND CONTROL
• NOSE WHEEL STEERING (USING RUDDER PEDAL)
• 10 degree each side
• 30 degree applying brake (left or right)
• Minimum turning radius 27 feet 5,5 inc
 WING FLAP SYSTEM
• Wing flap system comprised of an electric motor
system (protected by a 10amp circuit breaker),
transmitted to the flap by a system of drive
pulleys, cables and push-pull rods.
 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
• Tricycle type steerable nose wheel.
• Two main wheel.
• Shock absorption provided by tubular spring-steel
main landing gear and air/oil nose gear shock
strut.
 ENGINE
• Four Cylinder horizontally opposed Lycoming O-
320-D2J.
• Overhead Valve , air cooled, carbureted with wet
sump oil system.
• 160 hp at 2700 RPM.
• Controlled by throttle and mixture control.
 New Engine Break-In And Operation
• New Engine is ready for the full range of use .
• For cruising – minimum 75% power until:
total 50 hours
or oil consumption has stabilized
 Engine Instrument
• EGT
• Oil pressure
• Oil temperature
• Engine driven mechanical tachometer ( RPM )
ENGINE OIL SYSTEM
 IGNITION STATER SYSTEM
• Engine ignition provided by two engine driven
magnetos
• Controlled by rotary type switch located on the
left switch and control panel. (OFF, R, L, BOTH and
START)
NOTE : Protect Your Starter DON’T OVERHEAT: (Lamar Tech LLC)
• Crank for no more than 15 seconds
• Then allow 30 seconds of cool down
• Repeat up to 6 times
• Then let starter cool for 30 minutes
AIR INDUCTION & EXHAUST SYSTEM
FUEL SYSTEM
Fuel & Priming System C172P
 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• DC 28 VOLT
• 60 AMP ALTENATOR
• 24 VOLT BATTERY
• CABIN HEATING,
VENTILATING AND
DEFROSTING SYSTEM
PITOT – STATIC SYSTEM AND INSTRUMENTS
PITOT & STATIC PORT
 VACUUM SYSTEM AND INSTRUMEN
• ENGINE DRIVEN VACUUM SYSTEM TO PROVIDES
SUCTION
• OPERATE AH / AI AND DIRECTIONAL INDICATOR
• SUCTION GAGE CALIBRATED IN INCHES OF
MERCURY ( NORMAL 4,5 – 5,4 )
 STALL WARNING SYSTEM
• PNEUMATIC TYPE
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
DOCUMENT
AVIONIC SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
Head Set
MATUR SUKSMA
 Tugas Kelompok Type Rating C172P PPL

Kelompok 1
Mengapa Shutdown Engine menggunakan Mixture Control ?
Berapa X wind component apabila Take off dari R/W 32 (surface Wind 290/23 knot)?
 
Kelompok 2
Bagaimana prosedur landing di short runway ?
Berapa TODA apabila Take Off dari R/W 32 (zero wind, flap 10) dengan MTOW 2400 Lbs?
 
Kelompok 3 
Mengapa pada waktu turbulence kita harus reduce speed ? ( below yellow arc)
Berapa TODA apabila Take off dari R/W 32 (zero wind, flap 10) dengan MTOW 2200 Lbs ?
 
Kelompok 4
Apa yang harus dilakukan saat terbang, apabila oil temp naik (red line)
Berapa galon yang dibutuhkan untuk terbang selama 1 jam terbang ( cruise ) apabila terbang di
ketinggian 8000 feet dengan setting power di 2300 rpm standard temperature ?