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Imrad Format Orientation

The document provides an orientation on the IMRAD format for research writing and publication. It discusses that IMRAD, which stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, is an organizational structure used prominently in scientific journals. The Introduction section describes the problem, literature review, and statement of the problem. The Methods section outlines the study design, participants, instruments, and analysis used. The Results section presents the key findings from the data. Finally, the Discussion section provides an explanation of the results, implications, and conclusions. The document reviews this structure for both quantitative and qualitative research papers.

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Kim Yowi
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358 views

Imrad Format Orientation

The document provides an orientation on the IMRAD format for research writing and publication. It discusses that IMRAD, which stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, is an organizational structure used prominently in scientific journals. The Introduction section describes the problem, literature review, and statement of the problem. The Methods section outlines the study design, participants, instruments, and analysis used. The Results section presents the key findings from the data. Finally, the Discussion section provides an explanation of the results, implications, and conclusions. The document reviews this structure for both quantitative and qualitative research papers.

Uploaded by

Kim Yowi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION


CENTER
ORIENTATION ON
IMRAD FORMAT
August 8, 2022
Objectives
1. identify the structure of IMRad format

2. be familiar with the research writing


process using IMRad format
What is IMRaD?

Why do writers/researchers use IMRaD?

What are the structure/ parts of research paper when


using IMRaD format?
How to write a research using IMRaD?
WHAT IS IMRAD?
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD
( Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion)

-is an organizational structure ( a document format) prominently used in scientific journal


( Padama,2020)

IMRaD is prescribed when a research is to be published in a scientific journal.

Note: the difference between a full research format and IMRaD format.
The Research Formats
1 Full Research ( Chapters 1 to 5 )

2 IMRaD ( Chapters 1 to 4 )
IMRaD is prescribed when a research is to be
published in a scientific journal.
Why do authors use IMRaD format?

1 provides a comprehensive framework that guides the author in writing his


manuscripts.

2 helps the author to organize ideas and remember critical elements of his
study

3 makes easier for the editor and the reviewer to evaluate manuscripts

4 helps the reader to locate specific information


Introduction
The problem ( what is known ) global, nationaland local
The research gap ( what is unknown )
Rationale of the study
Statement of the Problem

Literature Review
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation
Methods
Selection of Respondents/ Participants
Research Instruments
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Results
Key findings (data)
Tables, graphs, figures, charts
Data analysis ( Statistical,/ Thematic )
Discussion
Justification of results
Implications of findings
Conclusions
RESULTS What did you find?
(summarizes findings with headings
and informative figures, don’t discuss)

DISCUSSION What does it mean?


(Results explained, objectives
achieved, implications for future
research and application)
WHAT IS IMRAD STRUCTURE?
(QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE)
TITLE • Present the title in the first
( Not less than 8 and not more page/cover page
than 12 key words) • This title should be proposed,
approved and permanent .

ABSTRACT The general research problem, purpose and


objective
( a paragraph not less than 150
The research method and design
words and not more than 250
words) The respondents/ participants
Summary of the specific findings
Conclusions and recommendations
INTRODUCTION QUANTITATIVE
• ( Not less than 3 and • ( explicit discussion of theff:
not more than 7 • Problem
pages ) • Conceptual / theoretical
framework
• Statement of the problem
INTRODUCTION : (QUALITATIVE )
• ( explicit discussion of the ff:
• The problem
• Theoretical framework ( optional )
• uIntensive review of the tentative research title
leading to the grand tour question or statement of the
problem
Note:
No Conceptual Framework
No Research Design
METHODS QUANTITATIVE
• ( 1 to 3 pages ) • Discuss the justification on the use
and selection of the ff:
• Research purpose /objective along
with the specifics
• Selection of respondents
• Data gathering tools ( justify the
relevance of the instruments)
• Data analysis
• Ethical considerations
METHODS ( QUALITATIVE)
• Exact and specific justification of the appropriate use
of research method in relation to the grand tour
question or statement of the problem together with
the sources of data like:
• Selection of participants
• Interview and observation guides
• Data analysis and synthesis procedure
• Ethical considerations
RESULTS QUANTITATIVE
• ( not less than 5 and not more • Presentation of computed data into
than 10 pages tables or graphs using the specific
objective
• Discussion of key findings and
statistical analysis of data
• No citing of related reviews to
affirm or negate specific/general
findings
RESULTS QUANTITATIVE
• Presentation of specific findings through
• ( not less than 5 and not more inductive method stemming phenomena
than 10 pages as the answer to the grand tour question
• Identify patterns developing from the
data and state them as findings
• Converge all these patterns into a
general finding
• Discussion of the general findings by
deriving explanations from observations
and interviews
DISCUSSION
• ( not less than 2 pages and • Restatement of major findings
not more than 5 pages) • Explain the overall outcome of the
result; its implication to the field of
the study and implications for future
research and application
• Formulation of
conclusions/recommendations from
general findings
• A stronger recommendation to
reconcile the contradiction between
theory and practice
( QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH USING IMRAD
STRUCTURE )
CHAPTER 1- THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Literature Review
Conceptual / Theoretical Framework
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
CHAPTER 2 -METHODOLOGY

Selection of Respondents
Research Instruments
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER 3 - RESULTS
Presentation of key findings
Presentation of computed data into tables,graphs, charts
and figures
Data Analysis ( Statistical )

CHAPTER 4 - DISCUSSION
Justification of results
Implications of findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
( QUALITATIVE RESEARCH USING IMRAD
STRUCTURE )
CHAPTER 1- THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework ( Optional )
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
CHAPTER 2 -METHODOLOGY

Selection of Respondents
Research Instruments
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER 3 - RESULTS
Presentation of specific findings
Presentation of themes / patterns into a general
findings
Data Analysis ( Thematic )
CHAPTER 4 - DISCUSSION
Discussion of general findings Justification of
results
Implications of findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
• References ( at least 20 references )
• Appendix
• Curriculum Vitae

SOURCE: ( WEBINAR OF DR. EDWARD PADAMA )


THANK YOU

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