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BioMass Conversion Technologies

There are three main categories of converting biomass to energy: direct combustion, thermochemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. Thermochemical conversion includes pyrolysis and gasification to produce fuels like bio-oil and syngas. Biochemical conversion uses fermentation to produce ethanol and anaerobic digestion to produce renewable natural gas. Direct combustion is the simplest method and involves burning biomass directly.

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182 views

BioMass Conversion Technologies

There are three main categories of converting biomass to energy: direct combustion, thermochemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. Thermochemical conversion includes pyrolysis and gasification to produce fuels like bio-oil and syngas. Biochemical conversion uses fermentation to produce ethanol and anaerobic digestion to produce renewable natural gas. Direct combustion is the simplest method and involves burning biomass directly.

Uploaded by

santhoshi durga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biomass Conversion

Technologies
Converting Biomass To Energy
Biomass Conversion
Technologies

Direct Thermochemical Biochemical


Combustion Combustion Combustion

Pyrolysis Fermentation

Anaerobic
Gasification
Conversion
Direct Combustion:
Direct combustion is the most common method for
converting biomass to useful energy. All biomass can be
burned directly for heating buildings and water, for
industrial process heat, and for generating electricity in
steam turbines.
Thermochemical Conversion :
Thermochemical conversion of biomass includes pyrolysis and gasification. Both are
thermal decomposition processes in which biomass feedstock materials are heated in closed,
pressurized vessels called gasifiers at high temperatures. They mainly differ in the process
temperatures and amount of oxygen present during the conversion process.

 Pyrolysis : Pyrolysis entails heating organic materials to 400–500oC in the near


complete absence of free oxygen. Biomass pyrolysis produces fuels such as charcoal,
bio-oil, renewable diesel, methane, and hydrogen.

 Gasification : Gasification entails heating organic materials to 800–900oC with


injections of controlled amounts of free oxygen and/or steam into the vessel to produce a
carbon monoxide and hydrogen rich gas called synthesis gas or syngas. Syngas can be
used as a fuel for diesel engines, for heating, and for generating electricity in gas
turbines. It can also be treated to separate the hydrogen from the gas, and the hydrogen
can be burned or used in fuel cells. The syngas can be further processed to produce
liquid fuels.
Biochemical Conversion :
Biological conversion includes Fermentation to convert biomass into ethanol and
Anaerobic Digestion to produce renewable natural gas. Ethanol is used as a
vehicle fuel. Renewable natural gas—also called biogas or biomethane—is
produced in anaerobic digesters at sewage treatment plants and at dairy and
livestock operations.

 Fermentation : It is the breakdown of molecules in organic compound under


the influence of a ferment such as yeast, bacteria, enzymes. It is widely used
technology for the conversion of sugar crops into ethanol.

 Anaerobic Digestion : Anaerobic Digestion involves microbial digestion. This


process takes place at low temperatures up to 65oc and also requires a moisture
control of at least 80%.

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