MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

NI: EMILIO AGUINALDO

LEARNING INTENDED OUTCOME :
AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, THE STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO:

1) DESCRIBE THE AUTHOR

2) ILLUSTRATE THE CONTENT AND REASON BEHIND THE MEMOIRS
AND:
3) EVALUATE THE AUTHOR AND MEMOIR IN YOUR LIFE AND IN
PRESENT TIMES
EMILIO AGUINALDO
Background of the Author
Born: 22 March 1869, Kawit Cavite

Son of Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad

Famy, a chinese mestizo couple with eight
(8) children which Emilio was the
seventh.

Nickname: “Kapitan Miong” Heneral

Miong “Kamiong” Elcauldilo” “ Magdalo”
“Hermano Colon”
• He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
• Emilio Aguinaldo became the “ Cabeza de Baranggay” of
Binayakan in 1895, the chief barrio of Cavite el Viejo
when he was only 17 years old.
• Emilio Aguinaldo became Cavite el Viejo’s first
Gobernadorcillio Capitan Municipal at the age of 25.
• He joined the Katipunan by choosing the Magdalo.
• On March 22, 1897 he was elected as President of
Pamahalaang Pang Himagsikan in Bario Tejeros, San
Francisco Malabon.
• He served as the President of the Tejeros Revolutionary
Government
• Dictator of the Philippines between May and June 1898,
President of the Revolutionary Government between
June 1898 and January 1899.
• The 1st President of the Philippines between January
1899 and March 1901
• When the philippine revolution broke out he took over his own
town hall and seized all the firearms. He was nearly killed in the
battle of Bacoor on September 2, 1896 when Spanish forces of
General Ernesto Aguirre overran his position. He pretended to be
dead as the Spanish forces passed over him. However the next day,
he and Jose Tagle, the Captain Municipal of the nearby town of Imus
defeated the same force that almost annihilated the revolutionary
in Bacoor. General Aguirre was forced to flee with his saber falling
behind his horse. The victory netted the rebels several rifles and a
cannon and it inspired the Caviteñ os to join Aguinaldo. From then
on he became known not as Capitan Miong as he used to be called
as Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo.
• The Filipino-American War brought the Republic into an end
and Aguinaldo was later captured in Palanan, Isabela on March
23, 1901. From then on he swore allegiance to the United States
and retired to private life. He returned to active politics when he
ran for the presidency of the Philippine Commonwealth but lost
to Manuel Quezon. During the Second World War, he served in
the Council of State in the Executed Commission under Jorge B.
Vargas. His role in the war was minimal and he served as a
propaganda of the Japanese. After the war he was tried for
collaboration but was later amnestied. He then lived a quiet life
in Kawit looking after his veterans. He died at the age of 95 on
February 6, 1964. The following are experts of his memoir from
the book Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan which was published in his
book My Memoirs by Heneral Emilio F. Aguinaldo, Manila 1967.
Emilio Aguinaldo Sr. died at the age of 95 years old
because of a heart attack on February 6, 1964 in
Veterans Memorial Hospital.
Emilio Aguinaldo Funeral
A year before his death Aguinaldo donated his Kawit Mansion and all its
content to the government. It is now under the care of the National
Historical Commission of the Philippines and known as the “Emilio
Aguinaldo Shrine”
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
DOCUMENT
• The first volume was produced between 1928 to 1946. In the
introduction of the memoir, Agunaldo said it was based on a diary
that he kept, the documents he preserved, and family lore gathered
from his elders. We do not know whether this diary is extant or
whether a promised second volume of the memoirs were fully
written out. The memoir includes accounts from Aguinaldo's
birth, early years until signing of Biak na Bato Treaty in 1897.  The
memoir was officially released to the public in 1967. There is some
assumption that there is a  second volume of the memoir that the
content was the resumption of Philippine Revolution against Spain
and Philippine-American War. Until now, it is still assumed that the
second volume of the material was written.
SOME CONTENTS OF MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

CHAPTER 28: MY BLOODIEST FIGHT:

• My Bloodiest Fight in August of 1896, the Spaniards found out about

the “Katipunan” brotherhood. This event commenced the Philippine
Revolution. Led by Andres Bonifacio, the anti-colonial organization
started to attack the City of Manila, but they failed to win the battle.
Meanwhile, in different surrounding cities, heated conflicts arose. In
Cavite, Mariano Alvarez and Emilio Aguinaldo spearheaded a revolt
against the Spaniards in which they became victorious. Three months
later, they completely took down the Spanish control in the Province
of Cavite. However, it claimed the lives of General Candido Tria Tirona
and Captain Simeon Alcantara.
CHAPTER 30: MAGDIWANG COUNCIL REORGANIZED

• Cavite was liberated through the efforts of both the

Magdiwang and Magdalo Councils. Magdiwang was
monarchical (King Andres bonifacio) and Magdalo was
republican (President Baldemoro Aguinaldo).
CHAPTER 38: MY ELECTION TO THE PRESIDENCY
• An assembly was called upon to bridge the gap between Magdiwang
and Magdalo factions. The assembly turned out to be an election of
leaders for the new revolutionary government. Aguinaldo was elected
President while Bonifacio was elected Director of the Interior.
Aguinaldo was at Pasong Santol in Dasmarinas on March 22, 1897. He
learned of his election as President of the new revolutionary
government. His brother, General Crispulo Aguinaldo persuaded him
to go to Tejeros to take his oath of office. At 7:00 in the evening,
Aguinaldo, Trias and Riego de Dios took their oaths of office. On March
24, 1897, Aguinaldo received news that Bonifacio and his ministers
met in a council and passed a resolution declaring null and void the
meeting at Tejeros. Aguinaldo revealed the plot of Bonifacio to kidnap
him. Pasong Santol fell into the hands of the Spaniards.
CHAPTER 42: MILITARY COURT:
• Charges were made against the Bonifacio brothers. A military court
was created with Colonel Jose Lipana as presiding judge.

CHAPTER 44: DEATH OF THE BONIFACIO BROTHER:

• The bonifacio brothers were found guilty and sentenced to death.
Aguinaldo commuted the sentence to banishment. Generals Pio del
Pilar and Marian Noriel persuaded Aguinaldo to impose the original
sentence.
ACHIEVEMENT:
DECLARED THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE DAY
• The most significant achievement of Emilio
Aguinaldo’s Dictatorial Government was the
proclamation of the Philippine
Independence Day from Spain in Kawit
Cavite on June 12, 1898. The day was
declared a national holiday.
• It gives us insight into the personal thoughts
and feelings of Aguinaldo which help in a
deeper understanding of the Philippine
History.
 BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC

• He became the first President of the

Philippine and also the Biak-na-Bato
Republic.
• The Biak-na-Bato Republic was
created by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on
Nov. 1, 1897. The republic existed
until December 15, 1897 with
signing of the pact Biak-na-Bato.
REASON WHY MEMOIR WAS WRITTEN IS: 
 TO HELP OUR HISTORIANS FILL IN THE GAP OF THE PAST AND TO
CONNECT THE SCATTERED PARTS OF OUR
HISTORY; AND 
 TO PRESERVE THE PAST OF OUR NATION FOR THE GENERATIONS TO
COME; AWAKENING THE INHERENT
HEROISM AND NATIONALISTIC SPIRIT OF THE FILIPINOS AGAINST ANY
FOREIGN INVADERS SO THAT WE
MAY PRESERVE OUR HARD-EARNED FREEDOM.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
REFERENCES:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo
Readings in Philippine History N.M Asuncion, Geoffrey Rhoel C.Cruz
2018