POSITION

PAPER
SHS GRADE - 11
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Define a position
paper; and
Explain the
different types of
claims.
PRE-TEST:

PREPARE A ¼ SHEET OF PAPER

AND A PEN THEN ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
(MA’AM ¼ PO?)
YES, 1/4.
PRE-TEST:
Directions: Read each item
carefully and provide the
appropriate word to complete
the sentence. Write the letter
of your answer into your
yellow paper.
 1. Position paper is an
argumentative essay that
presents __________ and makes
________.
a. arguments – claims
b. opinion – claim
c. essay – issue
2. An argumentative writing is
able to ___________ a position
and ________ with it using
evidences.
a. write – structures
b. discuss - claim
c. articulate – argue
3. Supportive evidence must be
based on facts instead of
__________ claim.
a. ambiguous
b. inductive
c. comprehensive
 4. Through the proper use of
____________, logical connection of
ideas between sentences and
paragraphs convey information
clearly.
a. transition markers
b. phrases
c. connect
5. The writer of a position
paper will strive to
_____________ the readers.
a. educate
b. inform
c. persuade
 6. What is the purpose of
making judgment over an
issue?
a) to make clarifications
b) to facilitate decisions
c) to influence other’s opinions
7. Do you think it is proper
to insinuate other’s
opinions?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Not really
 8. What is your opinion about the
“Build, Build, Build” Program of our
government?
a) It is where our parents’ taxes go.
b) It is merely the construction of
infrastructure projects.
c) It is giving an opportunity for
everyone to embrace progress.
 9. In what way can an argument
influence our decisions in life?
a) It is like brainstorming of ideas.
b) Through weighing the ideas
presented or spoken.
c) It enlightens our doubts about
an issue.
 10.How brave are you in taking a
stand over matters of
indecisiveness?
a) I would stick to what I believe is
right.
b) I would listen to other’s opinions.
c) I am making my own reflections on
an issue.
Directions: Read each statement and
identify its claim from the choices
below.
a. Fact and Definition
b. Value
c. Cause and Effect
d. Policy
 11. The role of
technology in education
includes easy access to
resources.
12. Mobile phones
control our life routines.
 13. War becomes part of
the society.
14. Filipino culture is
intertwined with identity.
15. Election results in the
Philippines encountered
delays due to
malfunctioning of
machines.
 ACTIVITY 1! STAND BY
Stand up if you
agree and sit down
if you disagree with
the passage.
•Women talk so much than
men.
•Bad language is acceptable
on TV.
•Mobile Legend enhances
•Transsexual needs
understanding.
•Wearing of face shield at
home is essential.
• Synthetic fertilizers
•Online shops must secure a
business permit.
•Sports schools are exclusive for
active athletes.
• An Anti-smoking ad campaigns
are really helpful.
•Gender equality in industrial
companies.
POSITION PAPER
- is an argumentative essay that presents an opinion and
makes a claim (statement) about an issue based on facts
that provide a solid foundation for argument.
- Arguments are a mixture of assertion,
acknowledgment, confirmation, refutation, and
concession.
POSITION PAPER
- A good position paper will not only provide
facts but also make proposals for resolutions
of an issue, and overshadow the thought
based on factual evidence with fair analysis.
CLAIM
- defines your paper’s goals, direction, and scope
supported by evidence, quotations,
argumentation, expert’s opinion, statistics, and
telling details. It is specifically focused on the
argument that persuades, proves, or suggests
something to a reader who may or may not
initially agree with the writer’s stand.
Types of Claim
TYPES OF CLAIM
• Fact and Definition
- a text that presents a fact or definition along
with a strong argument and put forward a
strong argument that the readers can’t
ignore.
 FACT AND DEFINITION
Example:
Net lingo, as the written slang of the young
generation, assures them of “inness” or of
belonging to that group, but strangers within could
bring trouble, although the young are wary of
them, and protect themselves by blocking
subsequent messages of undesirable online friends.
TYPES OF CLAIM
• Cause and Effect
- used when an effect is being
discussed with the support of the
arguments describing the cause of an
issue.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Example
Consequently, the bad language on television
programs has kept young children imitated
cussing and swearing that totally deviate from
the values taught at home.
TYPES OF CLAIM
• Value
- is a statement used to argue over a value of
something or how a certain thing should be
valued, this concerns researching an issue that is
being ignored generally. The writer is advocating
judgment about something good or bad, right or
wrong, beautiful or ugly, moral or immoral.
VALUES
Example:
We should find ways of creating not only
clean but also cheap sources of energy
that would halt climate change and
transform the lives of the poorest families.
TYPES OF CLAIM
•Policy
- is a statement where you either
support or oppose a solution or a policy.
It provides strong reasons for opposing
and should not be biased or personal.
POLICY
Example:
Instead of searching for more oil
fields, we should increase the use of
renewable energy and reduce the oil
consumption.
GOAL
•To convince the audience/reader that
your opinion is defensible. Ideas that
you are considering need to be
carefully examined in choosing a
topic, developing your argument, and
organizing your paper.
GOAL
•To ensure that you are
addressing all sides of the
issue and presenting it in a
manner that is easy for your
audience to understand.
GOAL
•To take one side of the
argument and persuade your
audience that you have well-
founded knowledge of the topic
being presented.
GOAL
•To show how your stand
relates to other positions.
PURPOSE
•To generate support and describe the
author’s position on an issue incorporating
supportive evidence based on facts that
provide a solid foundation for the author’s
inductive reasoning, which addresses
both strengths and weaknesses of the
author’s opinion.
CRITERIA OF AN ISSUE
•Choose what you can prove instead of
writing ambiguous claims that you find
difficult to prove later. Your thesis
statement is the final point so you should
write your claim with strong evidence and
arguments in mind. They should be true
and capable enough to support your claim.
 ANALYZING AN ISSUE AND
DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
•Do some research on the
subject matter from printed
materials, online sources, or
personal references through a
conversation.
 ANALYZING AN ISSUE AND
DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
•Have an opinion on your topic
about which side of the
argument you want to take
either you agree or disagree.
 ANALYZING AN ISSUE AND
DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
•Ensure that your position is
well supported with valid
information.
 ANALYZING AN ISSUE AND
DEVELOPING AN ARGUMENT
•Make a list of the pro and con
ideas of the topic to support
your counterclaims, along with
a list of supporting evidence for
both sides.
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCES
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Explain what is supporting

evidence;
Cite examples of
supporting details.
 WHAT IS SUPPORTING EVIDENCE?

Supporting evidence proves a
claim to be true. Supporting
evidence can be a summary,
paraphrased or a direct quote.
Supporting evidence is a crucial
part in body paragraphs and it is
important to be discerning in the
evidence chosen.
 FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE
-is the information that is
verifiable and agreed upon
by almost everyone.
 FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE
Example:
Doublespeak is a language which pretends to communicate
but rather makes the bad seem good, the negative seem
positive, the unpleasant seem attractive or atleast tolerable. It
is a language which avoids, shifts, or denies responsibility; a
language which is at variance with its real or purported. It is the
language which conceals or prevents thought.
Adapted from: William Lutz, Doubts About Doublespeak p. 127, English for
Academic and Professional Purposes, Textbook. Deped- BLR)
 STATISTICAL INFERENCES
-denotes the interpretation
and examples of an
accumulation of facts.
 STATISTICAL INFERENCES
Example:
Based on the table presented, it shows that the F-value is
1.96 and the p-value is 0.156 which is higher than 0.05 level
of significance, thus the null hypothesis is accepted. This
means that there is no significant difference in the
performance of students under the three different methods
of teaching. This further means that students performed the
same in any of the 3 teaching methods applied by the
teachers. (LMN)
 INFORMED OPINION
- is the opinion developed
through research and/or
expertise of the claim.
 INFORMED OPINION
Example:
Classroom research suggests that more talk is associated with higher social
status or power. Many studies have shown that teachers (regardless of
gender) tend to talk for about two-thirds of the available time. But the boys
dominate the relatively small share of the talking time that remains for
pupils. In this context, where talk is clearly valued, it appears that the person
with most status has the right to talk most. The boys may therefore be
asserting a claim to higher status than the girls by approaching the majority
of the time for pupil talk.
(Adapted from: Janet Holmes, “Women Talk Too Much, p. 132 English for Academic and
Professional Purposes, Textbook. Deped- BLR)
 PERSONAL TESTIMONY
- focuses on the personal experience
related to a knowledgeable party.
 PERSONAL TESTIMONY
Example:
“This is really an extension of what teenagers have
always done: recreate the language in its own image.
But this new lingo combines 11 writing and speaking
to a degree that we’ve never seen before,” says Neil
Randall, an English professor at the University of
Waterloo and author of “Lingo Online: A Report on the
Language of the Keyboard Generation.”
After you have made your pro and con lists, compare the information side by
side. Choose the position you will take based on your audience and your own
viewpoint, ask yourself the following questions;
a) Who is your audience?
b) What do they believe?
c) What is their stand on the issue?
d) How does their interest involve?
e) What evidence is likely to be effective with them.
Language used in
writing a Position
Paper
Position paper is an academic journal written in formal
language of appropriate vocabulary. It communicates
strongly and effectively with uncomplicated language and
sentence structure.
Many position paper writers thought that the content of
their paper is all that matters. Although, the content is
important it doesn’t mean much if the reader cannot
understand what you are trying to emphasize despite great
ideas in your paper but you failed to communicate
effectively. Keep the following in your design
 DICTION
- It refers to the choice of words for the
expression of ideas; the construction, disposition,
and application of words in your essay with
clearness, accuracy, variety, mode of expression;
and language.
 PARAGRAPH
Clear paragraphs are essential that comes in so many
patterns of two basic principles to remember:
▪ A paragraph is a means of developing and framing an
idea or impression. As a general rule, you should address
only one major idea per paragraph.
▪ Indicate a shift of focus in between paragraphs and
clearly organize its order of information details to
logically position your paper with the use of transitions.
 TRANSITIONS
Transitions establish the logical connections of
ideas between sentences, paragraphs, and
sections of your position paper to convey
information clearly and concisely.
TRANSITION TABLE
EXAMPLES:
The lecturer had a monotonous voice; furthermore, he
jumped from one idea to another so that the lecture
was very difficult to follow. (addition)
Paul went to Lakeland college; his daughter, likewise,
did her studies their. (similarity)
Caffeine is a stimulant; thus, it can keep a person
awake at night. (conclusion)
EXAMPLES:
The chairman will be late for the meeting;
meanwhile, we’re to hand out minutes of the last
meeting to the board members. (time)
It’s really cold today; we can’t complain, however, as
it’s been mild overall. (contrast)
 GRAMMAR AND SPELLING
Mechanical errors are usually the main
reason for lack of clarity in essays, so be sure
to thoroughly proofread your position paper
which is free from grammar and spelling
mistakes.
CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR!
How long ___________ English?
a. do you learn
b. are you learning
c. have you been learning
d. you learn
CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR!
“Did you speak to Juliet?” “No, I’ve ______ seen
her.”
a. nearly
b. hardly
c. often
d. always
CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR!
You should ________ your homework.
a. make
b. do
c. work
d. give
CHECK YOUR GRAMMAR!
You should ________ your homework.
a. make
b. do
c. work
d. give
BRAIN TEASER!
There is a word in the English language in
which the first two letters signify a male, the
first three letters signify a female, the first
four signify a great man, and the whole word,
a great woman. What is the word?
HEROINE
Structure of a
Position Paper
Position
Paper
Diagra
m
 Introduction
- identifies the issue that will be discussed and states the
author’s position on that issue. This shows your main
point of the issue through a firm stance (position).
Sample introduction:
Educational technology is an organized process of
applying modern technology to improve the quality of
education. It is a systematic way of conceptualizing the
execution and evaluation of the educational process.
Nowadays with the help of technology, education for
children is no longer boring as educational technologies
have made it much interesting and easy to use and due to
rapid change in technology, distance is no more a barrier.
(LNM)
 Body of the text
- discusses both sides of the issue which addresses and
refutes arguments that contradict the author’s position.
This supports and acknowledges the opposing points and
explains the reason/s by stating the theory, statistical or
scientific data, research study with its author, theorist, or
psychologist through examples of your point.
 Body of the text
 The integration of technology into the classroom is a great way to reach diversity in
learning styles. Department of Education (DepEd) launched the cyber expo in education and
technology to improve digital literacy in K to 12 Curriculum with the e-learning resources.
(Source: Deped.gov.ph updates)
Digital technology keeps an easy access to learning materials recorded on the World Wide
Web that offers continuous learning irrespective of the learners’ location, able to share their
ideas and experiences through varied learning aids available online.
Nowadays, everyone can attend classes and continue their learning through online classes
at your convenience with the safekeeping of the scholastic records. Although, the digital
technology has limitations and harmful effects in terms of easy accessibility of inappropriate
materials, keeping people attached to their screens almost 24/7, which is causing an entirely
new set of social issues due to the anonymity on the internet and motivates a culture of cyber
criminality making the young minds disconnected to proper norms of conduct. Data from the
PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG) showed that online crimes i.e. libel, online scam, photo and
video voyeurism, gambling, robbery, online threat, hacking, ATM and credit card fraud soared
from 31% in 2016 to 58% in 2019. (retrieved from acg.pnp.gov.ph August 2020 updates)
 Conclusion
- is restating the key points and gives your message
through suggesting resolutions to the issue.
 Sample conclusion:

With technology, education has taken a whole new meaning

that it leaves us with no doubt that our educational system
has been transformed owing to the ever-advancing
technology.
It sets students on a path to lifelong learning that enables
them to succeed in ever-changing world. They are tomorrow’s
leaders in different areas of our society and need to know all
the tools at their disposal. (LNM)
Points to
Remember!
a) Well-defined controversial issue
The controversial but arguable issue may be complex
and should be carefully defined and easy to understand
its importance. The issue includes matters of opinion-
judgments rather than certainties. A matter of fact and
matter of faith should be brought to bear but cannot
easily be resolved.
a) Well-defined controversial issue
b) Clear position to an issue
A position paper makes explicit the opinion it
advocates by informing directly into a thesis statement,
and can be modified in the course of the argument
qualifying a position to accommodate objections or
limiting the conditions under which strengthens rather
weakens an argument. The claim must be clear, certain,
and specific.
b) Clear position to an issue
c) Convincing argument
A position paper does not merely assert an opinion or
claim; it also persuades readers that an opinion is valid
and reasonable. The arguments are realistic to persuade
the readers and thereby accept the legitimacy of the
writer’s position on the issue and accommodate the
information.
c) Convincing argument
d) Reasonable tone
Typically, the writers adopt a tone that is reasonable
and trustworthy, inspire respect and confidence in
presenting challenging arguments that attempt to
demonstrate goodwill and understanding by
accommodating legitimate objections and explain their
reasons for rejecting them.
d) Reasonable tone
What is your takeaway from our
lesson?
