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Jar Test and Settleability Test (Sludge Volume Index)

The document discusses procedures for jar testing and sludge volume index testing. Jar testing is used to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant to add to a water sample to reduce turbidity. It involves adding different doses of coagulant to water samples, mixing, and measuring turbidity. The sludge volume index test measures the physical characteristics of sludge formed during coagulation to evaluate coagulant performance.

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Syarifah Anis Aqila
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© © All Rights Reserved
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49 views

Jar Test and Settleability Test (Sludge Volume Index)

The document discusses procedures for jar testing and sludge volume index testing. Jar testing is used to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant to add to a water sample to reduce turbidity. It involves adding different doses of coagulant to water samples, mixing, and measuring turbidity. The sludge volume index test measures the physical characteristics of sludge formed during coagulation to evaluate coagulant performance.

Uploaded by

Syarifah Anis Aqila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DCN20072

ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
LABORATORY 1
JAR TEST AND SETTLEABILITY TEST (SLUDGE VOLUME
INDEX
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the optimum concentration of coagulant to be added to the
water sample to obtain less turbid water.
2. To measure the physical characteristics of sludge through Sludge Volume
Index (SVI)

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COAGULATION
• Surface waters must be treated to remove turbidity, color, and bacteria.
• Experience has demonstrated that direct filtration is largely ineffective in
removing bacteria, viruses, soil particles, and color.
• The object of coagulation (and subsequently flocculation) is to turn the small
particles of color, turbidity, and bacteria into larger flocs, either as precipitates
or suspended particles.
• These flocs are then conditioned so that they will be readily removed in
subsequent processes.
• Technically, coagulation applies to the removal of colloidal particles.
• Coagulation as a method to alter the colloids so that they will be able to
approach and adhere to each other to form larger floc particles

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• The purpose of coagulation is to alter the colloids so that they can adhere to
each other.
• During coagulation a positive ion is added to water to reduce the surface
charge to the point where the colloids are not repelled from each other.
• A coagulant is the substance (chemical) that is added to the water to
accomplish coagulation.
• There are three key properties of a coagulant:
1. Trivalent cation. As indicated in the last section, the colloids most commonly found in
natural waters are negatively charged, hence a cation is required to neutralize the charge.
A trivalent cation is the most efficient cation.
2. Nontoxic. This requirement is obvious for the production of a safe water.
3. Insoluble in the neutral pH range. The coagulant that is added must precipitate out of
solution so that high concentrations of the ion are not left in the water. Such precipitation
greatly assists the colloid removal process
• The two most commonly used coagulants are aluminum (Al 3+) and ferric iron
(Fe3+ )

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JAR TEST
• One of the most common methods to evaluate coagulation efficiency is to
conduct jar tests.
• Jar tests are performed in an apparatus such as shown in Figure below:

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PROCEDURE

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