DH in Geography :

GIS and Digital Mapping

Rosmadi Fauzi

A IX 20 07
Babylonian Map of the World created in the 6th century BC.
It’s centred around the Euphrates river, and it depicts the known world of the Babylonians.
DH in
Geography
• Introduction : what is Geography
• GIS as Digital mapping
• Case study
• Conclusion
What is geography means?
• Geography is the study of places and the
relationships between people and their
environments.
• Geographers explore both the physical properties of
Earth's surface and the human societies spread
across it.
• The definition of geography is the study of the Earth.
An example of geography is the study of where the
states are located. An example of geography is the
climate and natural resources of the land.
What is the most • A map is considered as the most
important tool of a geographer. As
geography is all about the study of a
important tool of descriptor of the earth and its relation to
mankind.
geographers? • map helps us to located places on the
earth surface. The map gives visual as
well as an integrated picture of a
particular area.
 Types of Data in DH

Text 2D Audio and Video

Object/Artifact Data Geospatial Data

Types of Data :
Geospatial Data
• Geospatial technologies, which
include application-based GIS
systems, web mapping, and
spatial network analysis, are used
to define spatial relationships,
both in relative terms and in with
regards to their absolute position
on the planet's surface.
GIS--What is it?
No easy answer anymore!
• Geographic/Geospatial Information
• information about places on the earth’s surface
• knowledge about “what is where when”
(Don’t forget time!)
• Geographic/Geospatial Information Technologies
• technologies for creating and processing this information
• Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
• Remote Sensing (RM)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• GIS--what’s in the S?
• Systems: the technology
• Science: the concepts and theory
• Studies: the societal context
 • GIS or Geographic Information
What is GIS Systems relates to the processing,
in digital analysis and visualisation of spatial
data, typically in the form of 2D or
humanities? 3D maps.
• Mapping your data can be an
interesting and useful way to reframe
it.
How is GIS used in humanities
& social science?

• Why GIS in social science: Allows for the

integration and comparison of contextual data
from social as well as environmental or physical
standpoint. Researchers need to identify where the
differences, similarities, correlations, and
interactions exist.
Why Study GIS?
• 80% of local government activities estimated to be geographically based
• plats, zoning, public works (streets, water supply, sewers), garbage
collection, land ownership and valuation
• a significant portion of state government has a geographical component
• natural resource management
• highways and transportation
• businesses use GIS for a very wide array of applications
• retail site selection & customer analysis
• logistics: vehicle tracking & routing
• natural resource exploration (petroleum, etc.)
• precision agriculture
• civil engineering and construction
• scientific research employs GIS
• geography, geology, botany
• anthropology, sociology, economics, political science
• Epidemiology, criminology
Why are GIS getting more popular?

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF GIS DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER

DATA IS GROWING APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS FIELDS TECHNOLOGY
Geographic Geography Statistics
• Cartography
Information System • Location Science
• Traditional Statistics
(GIS) is built on • Spatial Statistics
knowledge of Computer Science
various academic • Data Modeling
Information Science
disciplines which • Database Design

makes a new • Computer Graphics • Storage & Retrieval

Methods
interdisciplinary • Interface Design

science: • Metadata Documentation

Mathematics
• Topology
• Graph Theory
• Geometry
 What are the 4 advantages of GIS?

01 02 03 04
Make Better Improve Enhance Better & More
Business Functional Customer Service Cost-effective
Decisions. ... Performance & and Increase Plan Citizens.
Reduce Cost. ... Sales…
What are the 5 main
components of GIS?

A working GIS integrates

five key
components: hardware,
software, data, people, and
methods.
What is the • Possibly the most important
most component of a GIS is the data.
important Geographic data and related tabular
data can be collected in-house or
component of purchased from a commercial data
provider.
GIS? • https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/
index.php
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php
What type of digital tools
does GIS provide?

• GIS software lets you produce maps and other

geographic displays to analyse and present
information. The displays typically include points,
lines, areas or raster images (from photos or
scanned images).
What GIS Applications Do:
manage, analyze, communicate
• make possible the automation of activities involving geographic data
• map production
• calculation of areas, distances, route lengths
• measurement of slope, aspect, viewshed
• logistics: route planning, vehicle tracking, traffic management
• allow for the integration of data hitherto confined to independent domains (e.g., property maps and air photos).
• by tying data to maps, permits the succinct communication of complex spatial patterns (e.g., environmental sensitivity).
• provides answers to spatial queries (how many elderly in Shah Alam live further than 10 minutes at rush hour from ambulance service?)
• perform complex spatial modelling (what if scenarios for transportation planning, disaster planning, resource management, utility design)
Top 10 benefits of Geographic
Information Systems (GIS)
• IMPROVED COMMUNICATION…
• IMPROVED DECISION MAKING. ...
• EFFICIENCY....
• INFORMATION MANAGEMENT. ...
• IMPROVED SERVICES. ...
• MARKETING. ...
• EDUCATION. ...
• MAPPING…
• IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS DURING A CRISIS
• MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Conceptually the Implementation of GIS
What are the 5 functions of
GIS?

• Functions of GIS include data entry, data display, data

management, information retrieval and analysis.
 • Urban Planning, Management & Policy • Civil Engineering/Utility
• Zoning, subdivision planning • Locating underground facilities
• Land acquisition • Designing alignment for freeways,
transit
• Economic development
• Coordination of infrastructure
• Code enforcement maintenance

Examples of • Housing renovation programs

• Emergency response
• Business
• Demographic Analysis

Applied GIS •
•
Crime analysis
Tax assessment
•
•
Market Penetration/ Share Analysis
Site Selection
• Environmental Sciences • Education Administration
• Monitoring environmental risk • Attendance Area Maintenance
• Modeling stormwater runoff • Enrollment Projections
• Management of watersheds, floodplains, • School Bus Routing
wetlands, forests, aquifers
• Real Estate
• Environmental Impact Analysis • Neighborhood land prices
• Hazardous or toxic facility siting • Traffic Impact Analysis
• Groundwater modeling and contamination • Determination of Highest and Best Use
tracking
• Health Care
• Political Science
• Epidemiology
• Redistricting • Needs Analysis
• Analysis of election results • Service Inventory
• Predictive modeling
GIS application in the
study of social
sciences and
humanities
Poverty by Parliament
Health Care (Government & Private Hospital): Parliament
Speedmart
Distribution
by DUN’s
Johor
Indigenous People in Pahang
Train Route Map: Klang Valley
Historic Trail
ABAD KE 18 ABAD KE 19 ABAD KE 20
1700-1799 1800-1899 1900-1920

1 – MASJID 3- MASJID 1 – GEREJA

1 – GEREJA 5 – GEREJA 1- TOKONG
3- TOKONG 2 – KUIL
9 – KUIL
Crime Map in Kuala Lumpur

B U R G L A RY S N AT C H T H E F T MURDER
Single Mothers by State

PERATUS IBU TUNGGAL

0.06%
0.07% - 5%
6% - 10%
11% - 18%
P a r l i m e n Te r b e s a r M a l a y s i a

Negeri Parlimen
Pahang
Hulu Rajang

Parlimen Hulu Rajang Sebesar Negeri Pahang

 Map of
Language
Distribution
in the
Archipelago
Dialect Map in Perlis
Parlimen Kalabakan
Pulau Sebatik (Pulau Dua Tua n)

Malaysia

Indonesia
International Border vs Parliament
Malaysia - Thailand Malaysia - Singapura
CONCLUSION
we can see how geography can help DH through GIS
technology

GIS can help in building a digital map that can display

digital data spatially through location and placement
elements in the digital map

In addition, GIS also helps in developing digital

databases and big data applications and cloud
technologies that provide added value in Geography
applications in DH
The study of Geography is about
more than just memorizing places
on a map.. THANK YOU
Its about understanding the
complexity of our world !
[email protected]
Barack Obama