20BT3031- ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

PRODUCTION OF BIOPLASTICS

K.MOHANYA
PRK0BT1023
M.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Bioplastics
• Bioplastics is a long chain of monomers linked to each other by ester
bonding.
• This Bioplastic is a plastic from renewable sources such as vegetable oils,
fats, and corn flour, and is also made from the agricultural byproducts.
• Bioplastics are classified into variety of types.
• The bacteria and other organisms are able to break or degrade the
bioplastics.
 Types of Bioplastics
Starch-based plastics
• They constitute about 50% of the bioplastics market, thermoplastic starch,
currently represent most widely used bioplastics.

Cellulose-based plastics
• These are mainly cellulose esters and their derivatives, including celluloid
Some aliphatic polyesters
• These are mainly Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Poly-3-hydroxy butyrate
(PHB) and Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics, etc.

Bio-derived Polyethylene
 Pomegranate Peel
• The pomegranate peel comes under the family Lythraceae.
• The species is Punica granatum.
• The pomegranate has rich source of bioactive components and minerals .
• The Punica granatum has the composition of pectin-27%, hemicelluloses-
10.8%, cellulose-26.2%, lignin-5.7%.
• On acid hydrolysis, the polysaccharides are converted into monosaccharides
which can break down the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose component
that can make them a bioplastic.
 Water Hyacinth
• Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a bluestophytic hydatophyte, a
cosmopolitan aquatic weed.
• It can tolerate environmental parameters such as temperature, illumination,
pH, salinity, wind, current and drought.
• Cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose content in the water hyacinth are
converted into Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB).
• PHB is the polymer which is employed in making biodegradable plastic.
• Plastic fertilizer created using PHB and PHB from natural resources can
reduce harmful gas emissions and cost. PHB can occur in the presence of
inorganic and organic nitrogen sources
 Potato
• Potato serves as an important nutrient source for human and animal across
the globe .
• The waste potatoes and peels of it are majorly used as animals feed or
biofuel production, and pharmaceutical applications.
• The starch content in the potatoes ranges from 13 -23 % which makes it
ideal for some plastics production.
• The starch-based plastic polymer can be further processed along with other
biodegradable components such as the Polylactic acids (PLA) or
Polycaprolactone (PCL) in a conventional plastic extruder machine to
produce the desired plastic product.
 Orange Peel
• Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) most commonly cultivated tropical fruit
belongs to the Rutaceae family .
• Pectin, starch, lining, cellulose‚ and hemicelluloses‚ make these
lignocellulosic feedstocks interesting and promising for the production of
bioplastic films.
• These compounds are obtained from various fruits and vegetables. The
production of biofilms from variety of polysaccharides residue feedstock is
the latest trend in the bioplastics production.
• In bioplastics made from polysaccharides the introduction of intermolecular
bonding is often necessary.
 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
• The Polyhydroxyalkanoates were first described by French scientist
Lemoigne .
• Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a family of polyesters that are synthesized
and accumulated into an wide range of microorganism.
• It is the only plastics produced exclusively by micro-organisms, and is
completely reduced to harmless compounds.
• It is composed of 3-hydroxy acid monomer units and small number of
ground particles per cell.
• PHA was in two forms, high molecular weight linear polyesters, which are
present in gram-negative and grampositive bacteria at 60000 daltons.
• The second is the simplest monomer building block form of PHA called as
polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which has a lower molecular weight of 15000
daltons.
• It is biodegradable and highly flammable by combustion, it also replaces
petroleum polymers, and is involved in pharmaceutical, packaging and
coating materials, manufactured for the future, woven materials,
pharmaceuticals in surgical treatment, surgery, pharmacology and tissue
engineering.
 PHA PRODUCING MICROORGANISM
• Alcaligenes latus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus
megaterium R11 Serratia ureilytic, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Comamonas
testosterone, Pseudomonas guezennei, Enterococcus sp, Brevundimonas sp,
Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycodies, Bacillus
linchenfiformis, Bacillus megaterium uyuni, Bacillus subtilis are the
organisms which produce polyhydroxyalkanoates.
 Uses of Bioplastic

• In Electronic industries
• Packaging
• Catering Products
• Gardening
• Medical products
• Sanitary products
• Biodegradation
 Reference
• Patel, Parth & Parmar, Khushboo & Nakum, Alpesh & Patel, Mitul & Patel,
Palak & Patel, Vanita & Dhrubo, Jyoti & Sen, Dr Dhrubo Jyoti. (2021).
Biodegradable Polymers: An Ecofriendly Approach In Newer Millenium.
• https://2b1stconsulting.com/japan-chemical-industry-gears-up-on-bio-plasti
cs/
• Ian W. Sutherland, “BIOPLASTIC AND BIOPOLYMER PRODUCTION
BIOTECHNOLOGY”, Vol. V - Bioplastic and Biopolymer Production.
• Chozhavendhan. S et al, 2020. A Review on Bioplastic Production - A Need
to the Society. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 62(1).
 Questions
MCQs
1. This Bioplastic is a plastic from __________ sources such as vegetable
oils, fats, and corn flour, and is also made from the agricultural byproducts.
a) Renewable
b) Non-renewable
c)Degradable
d) Non-degradable

2. ________ bioplastics constitute about 50% of the bioplastics market.

a) Starch- based
b) Cellulose- based
c) Aliphatic polyesters
d) Bio-derived polyethylene
Fill in the blanks
1. The starch content in the potatoes ranges from 13 -23 % which
makes it ideal for some plastics production.
2. Polyhydroxyalkanoates is a family of polyesters that are
synthesized and accumulated into an wide range of
microorganism.
True or False
3. Water Hyacinth can tolerate environmental parameters such as
temperature, illumination, pH, salinity, wind, current and
drought.
True
2. The waste potatoes and peels of it are majorly used as animals
feed or biofuel production, and pharmaceutical applications.
False
Match the Following
1. Citrus sinensis- Sweet orange
2. Punica granatum- Pomogranate
3. Eichhornia crassipes- Water hyacinth
Thank you