MAKILALA FIRE STATION

Gasatan St., Poblacion Makilala, Cotabato

Hotline No.: 09998910418

Fire Safety Education

WELCOM
E!
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT…

BFP
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT…

FIRE
19 MARCH 1996
160 persons killed
83 persons injured
P 15M in damages
 03 DECEMBER 1998
27 persons killed
(22 children & 5 adults)
P 10M in damages
18 AUGUST 2001
75 persons killed
19 persons injured
P 12M in damages
 B FP PRI MARY SERVI CE S

• Fire Prevention
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Arson & Investigation
• Fire Search & Rescue
• Emergency Medical Services
 Bureau of Fire Protection
- Through the enactment of the RA 6975,also
known as the DILG Act of 1990, the Fire
Service was separated from the PC-INP as a
separate and distinct agency as Bureau of Fire
Protection on August 2, 1991.

- BFP is mandated to prevent and suppress

destructive fires, conduct investigation,
provide emergency medical and rescue
services and enforce the Republic Act 9514.
The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
(R.A. 9514)

 Fire Safety Inspections

 Fire Safety Seminar
 Fire Drills
 Fire Brigade for establishments employing at
least 50 persons
FIRE
Fire – The active principle of burning,
characterized by the heat and light of combustion
(RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation process
accompanied with the evolution of light and heat
of varying intensities
Fire, is both HELPFUL and
DESTRUCTIVE to mankind, is more
than a necessary evil: controlled, it
provides warmth and food, but if
uncontrolled, it produces death and
destruction.

Because of the
power of fire, its unintentional origin
and behavior are difficult to predict
and determine.
 A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions.

 In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a

“FLASHOVER”.

 A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in

minutes.

 Smoke results in:

 Teared eyes
 Choking sensation
 Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO)
 Loss of spacial recognition
 Sedation effect - Respiratory failure
 Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can reach 300
degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt clothes, skin and
scorch your lungs in one breathe.

 Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees Celsius.

 Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke and toxic
gases.

 Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and hundreds of

other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.

 They numb your senses and leave you dazed.

Makes you disorientated and stops you from thinking and
breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the option of

holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat, which

causes coughing and hacking. Then turns into nitric acid,
which starts to burn the tissue.
 The diffusion flame process (fire) is a rapid
self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by
the evolution of heat and light of varying
intensities.

FIRE consists of three basic

elements, as represented by the
fire triangle: HEAT, FUEL and
OXYGEN.
These basic components have
been recognized in the science of
fire protection for over 100 years.
 The Tetrahedron of Fire
Oxygen Sources Heat Sources
To Reach Ignition Temperature
Open Flames - The Sun
Approximately 16% Hot Surfaces
Sparks and Arcs
Required
Friction - Chemical Action
Normal air contains
Electrical Energy
21% O2. Some fuel Compression of Gases
materials contain
sufficient oxygen within
their makeup to support
burning.
CHEMICAL
REACTION

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas Propane
Finely Divided Coal Turpentine Alcohol Butane Hydrogen
Wood Paper Liver Oil Paint Acetylene
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Carbon Monoxide
Grain Others Olive Oil Others
1. Incipient or ignition Stage
2. Growth Stage
3. Flashover
4. Fully Developed
5. Decay
GNITION STAGE
• Point wherein the fire starts
• There is plenty of oxygen, little heat
and smoke
• Fire is still small and generally
confined to the fuel that initially
ignited
ROWTH STAGE
• Temperature and smoke level increases
• Oxygen level decreased and the fuel is already
dried out
• Hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads outward
the walls
• Can be continuous if there is enough fuel and
oxygen
• The smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is
starting to spread to nearby furniture
FLASH OVER
• Transition between growth and fully
developed stage
• Presence of huge smoke which indicates the
rapid change of situation
• May involve exposed combustibles
• Increasing level of smoke with decreased
visibility
• Gasses are generated by heat
FULLY DEVELOPED
• All combustibles materials present are
continuously burning
• Maximum amount of heat is released
• The volume of fire is dependent of the
number and size of ventilation openings

• Unburned gasses begin flowing to adjacent

spaces and ignite once it enters a space
where air more abundant
DECAY
• Intensity of fire decreasing due to lack of
available fuel

• Most of fuel consumed

• Effort concentrated on cooling of the

remaining fuel
Temperature Rise
Flashover Post-flashover

growth

Ignition
Fully developed
fire
Decay
Time

Stages of fire development in a compartment

 Classification of Fire
A fire is classified according to the fuel it consumes

CLASS A
Ordinary combustibles or
fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some plastics.
CLASS B
Flammable or
combustible liquids such
as gasoline, kerosene,
paint, paint thinners and
propane.
CLASS C
Energized electrical
equipment, such as
appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power
tools.
CLASS D
Certain combustible metals,
such as magnesium, titanium,
potassium and sodium. They
may react violently with water
or other chemicals, and must
be handled with care.

CLASS K
Fires involving
combustible cooking
fluids such as oils and
fats.
 Cigarette and matches
 Cooking equipment
 Flammable liquid
 Kitchen grease
 Lightning
 Unattended burning candles or kerosene lamp
 Electrical short circuit
 Overheated electrical appliances
 Debris burning in forest and neglected camp
fire
 Arson – malicious burning of ones property
1. PRE FIRE PLANNING
2. SIZE UP
3. RESCUE
4. COVER EXPOSURE
5. CONFINEMENT
6. VENTILATION

7. EXTINGUISHMENT

8. SALVAGE

9. OVERHAULING

10. POST FIRE ANALYSIS

 FIRST AIDE FIRE
FIGHTING APPLIANCE
Fire Extinguisher
is a handy, first aid fire fighting
-

equipment
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 PIN Operating Le
ve r
SAFETY
PIN LO
CK

e
Gaug Han
d le

B EL
Hose LA

NOZZLE TA NK
D ER
I N
CYL

FOOT SUP SIPHONE TUBE

PORT
 TWO TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
 Cartridge type

 Stored pressure type

 Dry Chemical
ABC type

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Class B & C only

Foam Extinguisher (AFFF/FFFP)

Aqueos film forming foam/Film
Forming Fluoroprotein Foam

Water type (Pressurized Water)

Class A only
USE THE MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE OF THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER ( APPROXIMATELY 6 – 10 FT. AWAY FROM THE
BASE/SEAT OF THE FIRE)
PASS - WORD

 P – Pull the pin

 A – Aim the nozzle
 S – Squeeze the
lever
 S – Sweep from side
to side
Take note!
 Use Fire Extinguisher 6 – 10
feet from the base of fire

 Observe onward wind direction

when using fire extinguishers.
 HOW TO USE A
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 P – Pull the pin

 A – Aim the nozzle
 S – Squeeze the lever
 S – Sweep side to side at
the
base of the fire
Never leave a warm or hot iron
unattended. An unattended
iron that is on will scorch
fabric and may cause a fire.
Never leave food on a stove or in an
oven unattended. Keep cooking
areas free of flammable objects such
as potholders, towels and curtains.
 Never disable or remove the battery
from a smoke alarm. Frequently test
smoke alarms and make sure that you
replace batteries regularly.
 Burning candles should never
be left unattended. Keep
flammable items like fabric and
paper away from candles.
 Store gasoline,
newspapers and other
combustibles away
from sources of flame.
Keep air conditioning unit on a
level surface away from fabric
and other flammable items.
 IN CASE OF FIRE
• Proceed to the designated evacuation
area
• Immediately leave the building by
means of nearest available exit
• Notify other persons on your way out
• Never go back to the burning building
• REMAIN CALM, THINK AND
ACT!
Fire Safety
Tips
1. Make sure the LPG tank you have at home
is not defective and substandard. Rusty
and corroded tanks are potential hazards.
2. Overloading can cause heat to build up or
wirings to break down which in turn can
cause fire. Never turn Extension cords into
octopus wiring.
3. Fallen candles, greasy stoves or scattered
matches are the fire hazards found at
home.
4. Be sure to always clean your area and rid
of dry leaves properly. They lack
moisture and fire can start easily once a
person carelessly discard a cigarette on
a heap of dry leaves,
5. Teach children to refrain from playing
with things they should not. Make sure
to keep all things that are fire hazards
away from children’s reach.
6. Leaving the lights on overnight can
cause a fire. Turn off anything that
is not in use. Be sure to use nothing
but high-grade lamps and bulbs and
replace flickering lights right away.

7. Smoking is not just dangerous for

the user’s health and for the people
around them but also for the
environment. Make sure to properly
extinguish and dispose of their
cigarettes.
DON'T LET THIS HAPPEN TO YOUR PROPERTY!
S -ound alarm
A -dvise the nearest fire station
F -ight fire
E -vacuate
T -ell others of the fire
Y -ou get clear
 Do not Panic
 Be calm
 Act quickly
 Dial
09998910418
Earthquake Drill
What is Earthquake?
Sudden release of energy that
creates seismic movements to
the ground.
 The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake

• The point within Earth

where faulting begins is
the focus,

• The point directly above

the focus on the surface
is the epicenter
Seismographs record
earthquake events

At convergent boundaries,
focal depth increases
along a dipping seismic
zone called a Benioff
zone
 Intensity = Damage
 Magnitude = Total Energy
Release
CAUSE?
 TECTONIC
 VOLCANIC
 HUMAN
Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often?
~80% of all earthquakes occur in the circum-Pacific belt
 most of these result from convergent margin activity
 ~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asiatic belt
 remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and on
spreading ridge centers
 more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are
recorded each year
Home/Workplace Earthquake Preparedness
 Secure Pictures, solid object and printers.
 Secure Hot Water Heater
 Wrench Near Emergency Gas Shut Off
 Secure Heavy Items/ vases
 Know Safe Spots in Every Room
Sturdy Tables, Desks
 Know Dangerous Spots in Every Room
Windows, Hanging Objects, Fireplace, Appliances/
comfort rooms.
During an Earthquake - Indoors
 Stay There! Do NOT Run
Outside
 Stay Calm & Remember the
Phase, “Duck, Cover, and Hold”
Duck – And Look for Cover
Cover – Under a Sturdy Desk or
Table
Hold – Onto the Furniture Leg Until
Shaking Stops
Public Areas
 Steer Clear of Panicking Crowds &
Structural Hazards
 Theatre – Crouch in Seat
 Ball Park or Stadium
Go to the Open Play Field – Not the Exits
 Shopping Malls
Avoid Glass Displays
Head to Back of Shop
 Warehouse Store
Outdoors
 Get into the Open
 Stay Clear of Buildings & Power Lines
 Do Not Smoke or Light Matches or Lighters
 If Driving:
Stop If Safe, But Stay Inside Car
○ Avoid Stopping Under Trees, Light Posts, Power
Lines, or Signs
Stay Away from Bridges, Overpasses & Tunnels
Outdoors
 In Mountainous Area
Falling Rocks & Other Debris
 On the Beach/Ocean Front
Move to Higher Ground or Several Hundred Yards
Inland
Tsunami Hazard
○ Several Hours Afterwards
○ Multiple Tsunamis
○ 1964 Alaska 8.5 Earthquake
 11 Fatalities Directly From Earthquake
 120 Fatalities From Tsunami
Individual Work Area Preparedness
 Remove or Secure Heavy
Overhead Items which May Fall On
You or Block Your Egress
 Secure Breakables with Quake
Putty or Museum Gel
 Seismic Hazard Mitigation Policy
 Free Standing Partitions, Bookcases, Shelving,
& Cabinets 6 Feet or Taller
Must Be Braced or Anchored to Prevent Them From
Tipping Over
 Large Heavy Objects on Lower Shelves
 Breakables on Lower Shelves/Closed Cabinets
 Overhead Cabinets Closed/Latched
 No Heavy Objects Above Your Desk
Home/Workplace Earthquake Preparedness
 Establish Earthquake Plan
Practice Drills
 Choose Out-of-State Friend/Relative
Person Family Members/ co-workers Can Contact
to Report Whereabouts & Conditions.
 Organize Neighborhood to Be Self-Sufficient
After an Earthquake
 Prepare Earthquake Emergency Kit
Home Earthquake Emergency Kit
 1 Gallon of Water  Extra Glasses, House/Car
per Person per Keys
Day (3 Day  Essential Medications
Minimum)  ABC Fire Extinguisher
 First Aid Kit/Book  Blankets/Sleeping Bag
 3 Days of Food  Water Purification Kit
 Non-Electric Can  Essentials for Infants,
Opener Elderly, or Pets
 Portable Radio,  Instructions on How to Turn
Flashlights, & Off: Gas, Water, and
Batteries Electricity
After Initial Shock Have Subsided
 Do Not Use Telephones Except in
Extreme Emergencies
Make Sure Phone is on the Hook to
Receive Emergency Information Calls
 Follow Directions Over the Building PA
System or by the Floor Wardens
 Use Emergency Supplies If Necessary
 FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
End of FIRE
MARSHAL

Presentation
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