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Argumentation involves systematically reasoning to support an idea or claim, though writing effective arguments is challenging. Argumentative writing aims to convince readers by examining issues and presenting evidence for claims. Common forms include essays, editorials, speeches, and letters. Well-structured arguments contain a claim, reasons supporting the claim, and evidence. Arguments can follow different patterns, such as stating a thesis first or refuting opposing views first, but all include a claim and justification. Mastering argumentation techniques enhances critical thinking.

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Jhelian Adil Aticaldo
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135 views

Presentation in English

Argumentation involves systematically reasoning to support an idea or claim, though writing effective arguments is challenging. Argumentative writing aims to convince readers by examining issues and presenting evidence for claims. Common forms include essays, editorials, speeches, and letters. Well-structured arguments contain a claim, reasons supporting the claim, and evidence. Arguments can follow different patterns, such as stating a thesis first or refuting opposing views first, but all include a claim and justification. Mastering argumentation techniques enhances critical thinking.

Uploaded by

Jhelian Adil Aticaldo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARGUMENTATION:

Splendid But Never Easy


ARGUMENTATION
What is argumentation?

• Argumentation is an action or a process of reasoning


systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory.

•
• While expressing opinions or claims about an issue seems to
be an easy thing to do, Writing effecting argumentative texts,
such as an argumentative essay, is actually not. It requires a
clear understanding of what argumentative writing is, knowing
structural patterns of argumentative texts, employing
techniques in researching and supporting a claim, as well as
language features appropriate for argumentation.
EXAMPLE OF ARGUMENTATIVE
WRITING
• One of the most common forms of argumentative writing
is an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay is an
essay that presented and explained through the
presentation of its pros and cons. The main objective of an
argumentative essay is to convince or persuade the reader
into considering your stand or argument on an issue.
• Argumentative writing is sometimes called persuasive
writing because it seeks to convince readers to support a
stand on a certain issue. It also requires the writer to
examine a topic or issue which involves the collection,
generation and evaluation of exhibits and/or evidences.
It further emphasizes the writer’s agreement or
disagreement on particular proposition.
Expositions or arguments can be presented
as:
• Essays Editorials Letter to the editor
Speeches
EXAMPLE OF ARGUMENTATION
• An example of using argumentation is when a teenager tells
his parents all the logical reasons he should be allowed to
use the car.

EXAMPLE OF ARGUMENTATIVE IN PARAGRAPH:


Although I disagree with much that those who oppose animal
testing say, I fully endorse their final conclusion that there are
many better alternatives to animal testing.
Proposition is very essential in argumentative writing. It serves
as the point of reference of the argumentative writer. It is where
the writer decides whether to express his/her agreement or
disagreement. In doing so, it is necessary that he/she gathers
information and/or evidences that would support his/her stand.
KEY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
• The basic components of an argument include:
(a). A claim
(b). Reasons behind this claim and
(c). Evidences to support this specific claim .
• The pattern of an idea development in argumentative writing
may vary from one writer to another. The structure of
developing an argumentative essay largely depends on how a
writer intends to present his/her main argument, and how he/she
wishes to develop the main idea presented by backing it up with
supporting details or evidences.

• As an essay is usually made up of an introduction, a body, and a


conclusion, argumentative essays may use a pattern or structure
that conforms to how a writer intends to present and further
establish a point.
The table below presents the various patterns of how
ideas or arguments is an argumentative essay may be
presented and developed:

PATTERN A PATTERN B PATTERN C

a. Thesis Statement a. Thesis Statement a. Thesis Statement


b. First Pro b. Con(s) – Refutation b. First Con – Refutation
c. Second Pro c. First Pro c. Second Con - Refutation
d. Con(s) – Refutation(s) d. Second Pro d. Third Con – Refutation
e. Conclusion e. Conclusion e. Conclusion
The Argumentative thesis statement
• The thesis statement should define the scope of the argument
and make an assertion that is open to debate.
• In pattern A, the thesis statement about the issue is
presented in the topic sentence. It is followed by the first
set of pros (supporting ideas)
relative to the thesis statement. Then, the set of pros
(supporting ideas) is also presented to further support and
strengthen the claim regarding the thesis statement. It is
followed by the cons (counterarguments) and refutations.
Lastly, a conclusion that summarizes the ideas presented in
the essay and highlights the benefits of the thesis statement
is presented to the reader.
• Pattern B, meanwhile, is almost similar to the first one. The
only difference is that it presents the cons (opposing ideas)
and refutations first before building up the thesis statement
using the pros (supporting ideas).
• Finally, Pattern C presents the simplest flow of arguments
starting with the presentation of the thesis statement. Then,
the three (3) sets of cons (opposing ideas) of the issue
together with their corresponding refutation are provided.
Not a single pro (supporting ideas) is given in this pattern.
This means that the conclusion needs to focus on justifying
the refutation to fully support the claim.
CONCLUSION
• Argumentations are mind blowing but it is never facile but
with the help of all those different tactics in writing
argumentative texts and essays, we can assimilate them to
enhance our critical thinking and use it for the different
making of different types of argumentation.
THANK YOU AND GODLESS!!
Prese nte d by: G ab rie l Lu is C. O ng s o tto
J he lian e Ad il P . At ica ldo
J ew ell E. Al gor do
R ey H izo n D ie nte
C hr is ti an Lu is M ag all ane s

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