A

PROJECT
ON
(ALLERGY)
Submittedby
(Prabha)
XII (Medical)
Session:2020-2021
Subject-Biology
Rollno.:15
Of

GOLAYA PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC

SCHOOL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to Mrs.Simmi Verma (our
biology teacher) for her guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project and also for
her support in completing the project. I would
like to express gratitude towards my parents for
their kind co-operation and encouragement
which helped us in completion of this project.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my
classmates in developing the project and people
who have willing helped me out with their ability

Prabha
 Certificate
This is to certify that (Prabha), A student of
class XII Medical of GOLAYA PROGRESSIVE
PUBLIC SCHOOL has successfully completed
this research on the mentioned biology
project under the guidance of Mrs.Simmi
Verma (biology teacher) during the year
2020-2021 in partial fulfillment of biology
practical exam conducted by CBSE.

Ms.Simmiverma (PGT)
(Biologyteacher)
 Content

Serial No. Content Page No.

1 Aim

2 Material required

3 Procedure

4 Introduction

5 Observation

6 Case Study

7 Bibliography

8 Science quote
 AIM
Aim: To study the causes,
Symptoms, Treatment,
Awareness and Preventions
of Allergy.
 Requirements
• Laptop for making project
• Stationary
• Reports of the patient
 Procedure
• I undertook the extensive research work
to study the diseases throughly.

• During this I examined different reearch

papers published online as well as in
different books.

• I shared my knowledge and experience by

sharing the Allergy report pf patient and
by conducting activites specified below.
Like: Slogan writing
What is Allergy?
Allergy occurs when a person reacts to the
substances in the environment that are
harmless to most people. These subtances
are known as allergens.
Causes:
When an allergic reaction occurs, allergens
bind to antibodies that the body produces
called immunoglobin E (IgE). Antibodies
combat foreign and potentially harmful
substances in the body. Once the allergen
binds to IgE, specific types of cells including
mast cells will release chemicals that trigger
the symptoms of the allergic reaction.
Histamine is one of these chemicals. It
causes the muscles in the airways and walls
of the blood vessels to tighten. It also
instructs the lining of the nose to produce
more mucus.
Some major Types of Allergy -

• Drug Allergy-
A drug allergy is the abnormal reaction of
your immune system to a medication. Any
medication over the counter, prescription or
herbal is capable of inducing a drug allergy.

• Sympotms
• Skin rash
• Hives
• Itching
• Fever
• Swelling
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Runny nose
• Itchy, watery eyes
• Treatment
• Withdrawal of the drug. If your doctor
determines that you have a drug allergy
or likely allergy discontinuing the drug is
the first step in treatment. In many cases,
this may be the only intervention
necessary.
• Treatment of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis
requires an immediate epinephrine
injection as well as hospital care to
maintain blood pressure and support
breathing.
• Food Allergy
Food allergy is an immune system reaction that
occurs soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny
amount of the allergy- causing food can trigger
signs and symptoms such as digestive problems,
hives or swollen airways.

• Causes
When you have a food allergy, your immune
system mistakenly identifies a specific food or a
substance in food as something harmful. In
respose, your immune system triggers cells to
release an antibody known as immunoglobulin E
(IgE) to neutralize the allergy-causing food or food
substance (the allergen). The next time you eat
even the smallest amount of that food, IgE
antibodies sense it and signal your immune system
to release a chemical called histamine, as well as
other chemicals, into your bloodstream. These
chemicals cause allergy symptoms.
• Symptoms
• Tingling or itching in the mouth
• Hives, itching or eczema
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue and
throat or other parts of the body
• Wheezing, nasal congestion or trouble
breathing
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea or
vomiting
• Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting
• Treatment
• The only way to avoid an allergic reaction is to
avoid the foods that cause signs and symptoms.
However, despite your best efforts, you may
come into contact with a food that causes a
reaction.

• For a minor allergic reaction, over-the-counter

or prescribed antihistamines may help reduce
symptoms. These drugs can be taken after
exposure to an allergy-causing food to help
relieve itching or hives. However, antihistamines
can't treat a severe allergic reaction.

• For a severe allergic reaction, you may need an

emergency injection of epinephrine and a trip to
the emergency room. Many people with
allergies carry an epinephrine autoinjector
(Adrenaclick, EpiPen). This device is a combined
syringe and concealed needle that injects a
single dose of medication when pressed against
your thigh.
• Pollen Allergy
Many people know pollen allergy as “hay
fever.” Experts usually refer to pollen allergy
as “seasonal allergic rhinitis.” Each spring,
summer and fall, plants release tiny pollen
grains to fertilize other plants of the same
species. Most of the pollens that cause
allergic reactions come from trees, weeds
and grasses.

• Causes
The pollens that cause allergic reactions
come from trees, weeds and grasses.
These plants make small, light and dry
pollen grains that travel by the wind.
Grasses are the most common cause of
allergy.
• Symptoms
• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Runny nose
• Watery eyes
• Itchy throat and eyes
• Wheezing
• Treatment
• Over-the-counter antihistamine
medications, such as cetirizine (Zyrtec) or
loratadine (Claritin).
• Immunotherapy tablets or shots to
desensitize the body to pollen.
• Nasal sprays designed to relieve the itching
and congestion.
 Conclusion
The term Allergy encompasses a ide range of
symptoms and conditions. Altough allergies
cannot be prevented, they can be treated and
controlled. By making changes in the
environment and to their diets patients can
greatly limit epusure to certain allergens and
reduce and control their symptoms. If
environmental control doe not work,
medication, immunotherapy and alternative
therapy can control the diseases.
Bibliography
• google.co.in
• health.us news.com
• multicarehomeopathy.com
• www.healthline.com