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Types of Expert Systems

The document describes different types of expert systems: rule-based, frame-based, fuzzy, neural, and neuro-fuzzy. Rule-based systems use if-then rules to mimic human expertise. Frame-based systems represent knowledge through frames with attributes and slots. Fuzzy expert systems apply fuzzy logic to handle imprecise concepts. Neural expert systems combine neural networks with rule-based systems. Neuro-fuzzy systems integrate neural networks with fuzzy logic for learning and explanation abilities. The document provides examples of each type and discusses their applications in fields like medicine, engineering, and more.

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321126510L03 kurmapu dharaneeswar
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126 views

Types of Expert Systems

The document describes different types of expert systems: rule-based, frame-based, fuzzy, neural, and neuro-fuzzy. Rule-based systems use if-then rules to mimic human expertise. Frame-based systems represent knowledge through frames with attributes and slots. Fuzzy expert systems apply fuzzy logic to handle imprecise concepts. Neural expert systems combine neural networks with rule-based systems. Neuro-fuzzy systems integrate neural networks with fuzzy logic for learning and explanation abilities. The document provides examples of each type and discusses their applications in fields like medicine, engineering, and more.

Uploaded by

321126510L03 kurmapu dharaneeswar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS:

1. RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM


2. FRAME BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
3. FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM
4. NEURAL EXPERT SYSTEM
5. NEURO FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM
RULE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM

*It is the simplest model of expert systems.


*It takes knowledge from a human expert and convert this into a
number of hard coded rules to apply to input data.
*If the number of rules increases complexity increases
*It is implemented using "if" and "then" statements
* It mimics human intelligence
Example:
If
the is sky is cloud
the wind is low
then
it may be a wet day today please carry an
umbrella

* But here we get a concept called uncertainity


Uncertainity :
It can be defined as lack of exact knowledge to reach a
perfect solution.
Sources:
1.Individual rules
2. Conflict resolution
3. Incompatibility of rules
4. Imprecise language
5. Combining view of different experts
* In large expert systems the knowledge of different experts
combined together.
* These experts have contradictory opinion and produce
conflicting rules .
* So weights are assigned to each rule expressed by each
expert in unsystematical way.
• Here comes the role of knowledge engineer - he eliminates
uncertainity and gives weights for each rule.
• This uncertainity is resolved using –probability theory
basics,bayesian Reasoning
Frame Based Expert Systems:

* In frame based expert system frames are used to represent the knowledge.
* A frame is a data structure with typical knowledge about a particular object or concept.
* Each frame has its own name and set of attributes.
* Frames are natural way of representing structured knowledge.
* on comparision with rule based ES it proceeds in a systematic manner.
* The concept of a frame is defined by a collection of
slots.Each slot describes a particular attribute or operation of the frame.
* Slots are used to store values.
* Object-oriented systems or frame-based systems contain the ideas of classes, instances,
and inheritance.
For example, the class vehicle could be defined, along with subclasses car and truck.
FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEMS
It works on fuzzy logic, which superset of conventional (Boolean)
logic that has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth --
truth values between "completely true" and "completely false".
* Boolean :
1-True
0-False
• But for fuzzy it ranges on scale 0-1.
• We represent expert knowledge that uses vague and ambiguous
terms in a computer using this type of expert systems.
• For example:
* Tom is very tall.
ambiguous word – very
* A glass of warm water.
warm-neither hot nor too cold
Logical operation

* in fuzzy logical reasoning, AND is the min operation,


OR is the max operation, and NOT becomes 1-A
* in the case if A=0.5, B=0.7, and C = A OR B, then C= max(0.5,0.7)=0.7
* if we are looking for F = A and B, then F=min(0.5,0.7)=0.5

Linguistic variables and values

A linguistic variable is a fuzzy variable. For example, the statement


“John is tall” implies that the linguistics variable John takes the
linguistic value tall.
In fuzzy expert systems, linguistic variables are used in fuzzy rules.
Fuzzy expert system (FES) can be used in
applications for diagnosis, patient monitoring
and therapy, image analysis, differential
diagnosis, pattern recognition, medical data
analysis.
Neural Expert Systems:
* Neural network and expert systems both have a common goal of imitating the human
intelligence. A hybrid expert system, which combines a neural network and a rule based expert
system, is called a neural expert system .Here with the obvious advantages of rule based expert
system, we also combine the advantages of neural network like learning, generalisation,
robustness and parallel information processing.
* A Neural expert system has neural knowledge base in place of traditional knowledge base,
where knowledge is stored as weights in neurons. The combination of rule extraction component
along with neural network enables neural expert system to justify and provide explanation
facility for its conclusion.
* Neural network also allows dealing with noisy and incomplete data because of its capability of
generalisation. Hence it allows approximate reasoning. The rule extraction unit examines the
neural knowledge base and produces the rules implicitly buried in the trained neural network.

* Example: the diagnostics and progress prediction of hereditary muscular disease


NEURAL FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEMS
*Fuzzy logic and neural networks are natural complementary tools in building intelligent systems. While
neural networks are low-level computational structure that performs well when dealing with raw data, fuzzy
logic deals with reasoning on higher level, using linguistic information acquired from domain experts.

*Fuzzy systems lack the ability to learn and cannot adjust themselves to a new environment. On the other
hand, although neural networks can learn, they are opaque to the user, i.e. the process is black box for the
end users.

*But when you merge a neural network with fuzzy expert system, then it provides you more powerful
technology to design expert system. Integrated neuro-fuzzy systems can combine the parallel computation
and learning abilities of neural network with the human-like knowledge representation and explanation
abilities of fuzzy systems. As a result, neural networks become more transparent, while fuzzy system become
capable of learning

*Example : Image Processing


•APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
•Different types of medical diagnosis like internal medicine, blood diseases and show on.
•Diagnosis of the complex electronic and electromechanical systems.
•Planning experiment in biology, chemistry and molecular genetics.
•Forecasting crop damage.
•Diagnosis of the diesel-electric locomotive system.
•Identification of chemical compound structure.
•Scheduling of customer order, computer resources and various manufacturing task.
•Assessment of space structure through satellite and robot.
•The design of VLSI system.
•Teaching students specialize task.
•Assessment of log including civil case evaluation, product liability etc.
Examples
Field
MYCIN - Bacteria based on infections(backward
Medical chaining)
CaDet - Cancer detection
Electronic and Electromechanical systems ACDFA(Automobile Car Diagnosis Failure Assistance)
Chemical Compound Structure DENDRAL(Dendritic Algorithm)
Forecasting crop damage COMAX
Diesel Electric locomotive DELTA
Scheduling of tasks DEVISER
Satellites and Robots CLEAR
Design of VLSI system DFTEXPERT
Case evaluation and Product liability LDS
SUCCESS FACTORS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
*Quality, completeness, and accuracy of the information stored in the
knowledge base.
*The type of application.
*Importance of the system to business strategy.
*Highly accurate and precise Knowledge.
*Improving the selection of domain experts.
*Adding problem difficulty as a criteriaon for ES application selection.
*Job opportunities

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