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3.1 Amount of Substance and The Mole

The document discusses the mole, which is used as a unit for quantifying amounts of substances. It defines the mole as the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. The mole is represented by the unit mol and is used to relate the masses of substances to the number of particles and vice versa in chemical calculations. It also introduces the Avogadro constant, which is the number of entities in one mole, as well as the terms molar mass and relative atomic/formula mass.

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60 views9 pages

3.1 Amount of Substance and The Mole

The document discusses the mole, which is used as a unit for quantifying amounts of substances. It defines the mole as the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. The mole is represented by the unit mol and is used to relate the masses of substances to the number of particles and vice versa in chemical calculations. It also introduces the Avogadro constant, which is the number of entities in one mole, as well as the terms molar mass and relative atomic/formula mass.

Uploaded by

Jay Davies
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Amount of Substance

3.1 Amount of substance and the mole


Learning Outcomes:
Specification reference: 2.1.3

• Explain and use the terms amount of substance,


the mole, and the Avogadro constant.

• Explain and use the term molar mass.

• Carry out calculations involving masses and moles.


The mole:
• How would you find the total number of coins in a bucket of
coins if you were not allowed to physically count them?
[You have access to a balance.]

total mass of coins


mass of 1 coin

• How would you find the total number of atoms of copper in


a copper pipe?
total mass of copper pipe
mass of 1 atom of copper
The mole:
• How would you find the number of “pairs” of copper atoms
in the copper pipe?

total mass of copper pipe


mass of 1 pair of copper atoms

• How would you find the number of moles of copper atoms


in the copper pipe?
total mass of copper pipe
mass of 1 mole of copper atoms

molar mass
The mole:

Avogadro constant, NA
the number of particles
per mole of a substance:
NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
A USEFUL COUNTING TOOL!

number of particles = number of moles x NA

How many molecules are there in 3.15 moles of ammonia?


3.15 x 6.02 x 1023 = 1.90 x 1024 molecules (to 3 s.f.)
Calculating number of moles:

mass
total mass of copper pipeg
number of moles =
mass molar
mol of 1 mole of mass
copper atoms
g mol-1

m m
n= m=nxM M=
M n

amount of substance
Molar mass, M:
• Mass of one mole of a substance.
• 12.0g of carbon-12 contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms = 1 mol
molar mass of carbon-12 = 12.0 g mol-1
• Molar mass has the same numerical value as the relative
atomic mass for a substance.
Molar mass has units whereas relative atomic mass has no units.

• To find the molar mass of a molecule use the relative


molecular mass and for an ionic compound use the relative
formula mass (sum of the relative atomic masses of the
atoms present) – but don’t forget units!
CARE: molar mass of hydrogen atom (H) = 1.0 g mol-1
molar mass of hydrogen molecule (H2) = 2.0 g mol-1
Calculating number of moles:

How many moles of copper atoms are there in a 2.3 kg pipe?


÷ 1000 ÷ 1000 ÷ 1000
mg g kg tonne
x 1000 x 1000 x 1000

m 2300 g
n= = = 36.2 mol (to 3 s.f.)
M 63.5 g mol -1
What would 1
mole of moles 6.02 x 1023 x =?
look like?

602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
A European mole (Talpa Europaea) weighs about 75g
75 x 6.02 x 1023 = 4.52 x 1025 g = 4.52 x 1022 kg

Pluto (ex-planet) has a mass of 1.3 x 1022 kg and our moon


has a mass of 7.3 x 1022 kg

PLANET
MOLE

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