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Week 8

The document discusses several key concepts in psychoanalysis. It describes psychoanalysis as involving the idea of an unconscious mind containing things outside of awareness like memories and desires. It notes psychoanalysis was initiated by Sigmund Freud and involves therapeutic techniques and psychological theories. It outlines three structures of personality in psychoanalysis: the id (instincts), ego (reality testing), and superego (morals). Defense mechanisms are described as techniques the ego uses to reduce anxiety. Rational choice theory holds that people act in ways they believe will have the greatest benefit relative to costs.

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Angelica Caranzo Latosa
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106 views

Week 8

The document discusses several key concepts in psychoanalysis. It describes psychoanalysis as involving the idea of an unconscious mind containing things outside of awareness like memories and desires. It notes psychoanalysis was initiated by Sigmund Freud and involves therapeutic techniques and psychological theories. It outlines three structures of personality in psychoanalysis: the id (instincts), ego (reality testing), and superego (morals). Defense mechanisms are described as techniques the ego uses to reduce anxiety. Rational choice theory holds that people act in ways they believe will have the greatest benefit relative to costs.

Uploaded by

Angelica Caranzo Latosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Basic Concepts and

Principles of
Psychoanalysis
The idea of Psychoanalysis is the
notion that people have
“unconscious mind” which includes
things that are extrinsic or outside
of our awareness. These may
include early childhood memories,
hidden drives and secret desires.
Psychoanalysis is
characterized as
therapeutic techniques and
set of psychological
theories initiated by
Sigmund Freud
The main cognitive idea
of psychoanalysis is that
people have unconscious
mind, memories,
feelings, and desires.
THE THREE
PERSONALITY
STRUCTURES
The id includes entirely of
the unconscious, underlying
and primal urges present
from birth which operates
based on instinct and
pleasure directed.
Ego is the portion of the
personality that deals with the
demands of reality. It aids control
and balance on the urges of the id
and makes us act in ways that are
both acceptable and realistic,
instead of satisfying our desires.
Superego includes our values and
ideals. The values that our
parents taught us and the ideals
that our society instilled in us are
the guiding force of the superego
and its effort to make us behave
with accordance to our morals
A defense mechanism is
a technique that the ego
uses to defend itself
from anxiety.
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY

is the perspective that people act


as they do, since they think that
acting on their chosen human
activity has much profit than costs.
Rational Choice of
Making Action
Used to know why a
person behaves or acts
the way he/she does
Social consequences of
decision making based on
scarcity
Corresponds to the profits a
person can have on best
alternative
EXAMPLE OF RATIONAL
CHOICE

Choose branded products


over local products with the
same quality
Choosing to walk instead of drive
Susan works down the road at a local
supermarket. It is around 30 minutes to walk,
but only 5 minutes to drive. The cost to Susan is
that she has to spend an extra 25 mins of her
time walking. However, she benefits from the
costs she saves on fuel, and the exercise she
gets in the process. The conclusion she comes
to is deemed rational as it is dependent on her
own individual values and preferences. Just
because it may seem an irrational choice for
one, does not make it so for another.
Choosing to stay after school to study
Students often face themselves with
this common dilemma. Do they spend
two hours after school studying and
sacrifice their leisure time? That way,
they may be able to achieve better
grades and go on into a better
university/college. Alternatively, they
can just spend it on leisure and hope it
doesn’t affect their grades.
INSTITUTIONALISM
Institutionalism is an approach aligned
to methods and approaches in
political science that has significance
in society. This implied as the
regulations, orders and systems.
Highlights of institutionalism approach in
Social Science
Emphasize the role of institutions in the
society.
Formal
Institutions are institutions that
are officially established in one way or another. The
government itself is an example and other
government agencies, the
national and local government laws, rules, and
regulations. Other examples of
formal institutions are business corporations, labor
Informal
Institutions
are not officially established, but are commonly
accepted throughout society like practices, standard or
label of behavior. These apply to all
types of activity such as social, cultural, political, and
economic. Some examples are pamamanhikan for
courtship and in arranged marriage; these informal
institutions are tied with the social norms, beliefs and
FEMINIST
THEORY
Feminism comprises various features associated to
women’s place in the society in terms of social,
economic and political rights. These rights allow
women be involved in society like in business and
politics that women get acknowledgment and
empowerment in the society. Thus, men take pleasure
in all the rights given to them by the society while
women were given lesser status. With these overall
explanations, feminist theory originated and rose up
the impression of inequality among men and women
Social media was flooded with
different issues about gender
discrimination.

Effect of gender discrimination


-class struggle on the society
HERMENEUTICS
PHENOMENOLO
GY
Hermeneutics
-In the study of literary texts, scholars frequently adhere to a
set of rules or a specific system on which to base their
interpretation

-The interpretation of nonliterary texts, such as art or


philosophy,
may also require adherence to such a method

-The specific rules used to interpret and understand a text are


known
collectively as hermeneutics
Phenomenology
-
Refers to a person’s perception of the meaning
of an event, as
opposed to the event as exist externally to
(outside of) that person
Hermeneutical Phenomenology
A research method used in qualitative
research in the fields of education and other
human sciences. It arose out of and remains
closely tied to phenomenological philosophy, a
strand of continent philosophy.
Phenomenology becomes hermeneutical when
its method is taken to be interpretive
(rather than purely descriptive as a
transcendental phenomenology) (Berroya 2017).
HUMAN
ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM
HUMAN
-Have the capacity to interact with their environment.
-Human and the environment have that mutual interaction with each
other.
-Have the capacity to change or influence the balance of the society.
ENVIRONMENT
-A complex of many variables which surroundsman as well as the
living organism.
-Include water, air and land and the interrelationships which exists
among and between water, air and land.
SYSTEM
-It may be described as a complex of interacting components
together with the relationship among them that permit the
identificationof a boundary- maintaining entity or process.
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM
- Also known as CHANS (COUPLED
HUMAN AND NATURAL SYSTEM)
- Tackle broader investigations into the
complex nature of reciprocating
interactions and feedbacks on the
human environment and the effect of
the environment to humans

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