Week 7

Geography of Pakistan
Lecturer: Farhat Nasim
Subject: Pakistan Studies
Contents:
What is Geography?
Map of Pakistan
Location & Neighbor Countries
Provinces
Natural Diversity
Climatic Conditions
Agriculture
What is Geography?
 The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of
human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the
distribution of populations and resources and political and economic
activities.
 Geography plays a very important role in our life . It effects where people
choose to live , the foods they can grow , a region’s cultural history , societal
development , architectural choices and building development. They also
influence where military sites work best to defend a region . It has not only
effect on the human life but animals too. It also effect weather patterns .
High up in the mountains , the climate may be cooler on the other side lower
areas the climate may be warmer .
 Geography is the study of life on the surface of the earth. Historically it has
consisted of three main branches, human geography and physical geography
and environmental geography.
 Human geography

 This is one of the major branches in geography and it mainly covers studies of the human
race.
 This normally involves understanding a human population’s backgrounds, how the
interactions and the perceptions .
 Physical geography

Physical geography generally focuses on physical systems at the landscape scale,

that is, not at the scale of the globe or below the surface of the earth, which is the
realm of geology.
Thus physical geographers study how features in the landscape are formed over
time (geomorphology), how fluvial systems develop, and the spatial distribution,
movements, and characteristics of flora and fauna.
 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

 Environmental geography Is the branch of geography that describes and explains

the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and
their natural environment.
 It involves several aspects of the relationship between humans and the
environment
 Introduction
o The geography of Pakistan is a profound blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills and
plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram range
in the north.
o Pakistan is a geographic and cultural wonderland. Situated at the cross-roads in Asia geographically Pakistan
enjoys a very unique landscape.
o The Islamic republic of Pakistan is situated between 24.50 and 36.75 latitude north and 61 to 75.5 longitudes
east.
o 796,096sq km, Pakistan is the world’s 36th largest country.
o Country located in the mountainous region adjoining central Asia and the middle east.
 It is the world’s sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.7 million people. In area, it is the
33rd-largest country, spanning 881,913 square kilometres. 
 Capital:  Islamabad
 Currency: Pakistani rupee
 Area: 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)
 Population: 212.7 million (2017)
 Census history of major languages
Rank Language 2017 census 1998 census

1 Punjabi 38.78% 44.15%

2 Pashto 18.24% 15.42%

3 Sindhi 14.57% 14.1%

4 Saraiki 12.19% 10.53%

5 Urdu 7.08% 7.57%

6 Balochi 3.02% 3.57%

7 Others 6.12% 4.66%

Provinces

 Punjab
 Sindh
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
 Baluchistan
 Continue…
Provinces
Punjab
 Punjab is the most populous province of
Punjab is Pakistan's most populous
province.
 Forming the bulk of the transnational
Punjab region,
 it is bordered by the Pakistani provinces
of Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, the enclave of Islamabad,
and Azad Kashmir. 
 Area:  205,344 km²
 Population 110,012,442 (2017)
 Continue…
Provinces
Sindh
 Sindh is one of the four provinces of
Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.
 Sindh is the third largest province of
Pakistan by area,
 And second largest province by
population after Punjab. 
 Area: 140,914 km²
 Population: 47.89 million (2017)
 Continue…
Provinces
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, formerly known as
the North-West Frontier Province NWFP,
 It is one of the four administrative
provinces of Pakistan,
 Located in the northwestern region of
the country along the international
border with Afghanistan.
 Area: 101,741 km²
 Population: 35.53 million (2017)
 Continue…
Provinces
Balochistan
 Balochistan is one of the four provinces
of Pakistan.
 It is the largest province in terms of land
area, forming the southwestern region of
the country,
 but is the least populated.
 Its provincial capital and largest city is
Quetta. 
 Area: 347,190 km²
 Population: 12.34 million (2017)
Location & Neighbor Countries
 Pakistan is located between 23 degrees North to
37 degrees North Latitude and 61 degrees East to
77 degrees East Longitude.
 CHINA ON NORTH (325 MILES)
 INDIA ON EAST (1800 MILES)
 AFGHANISTAN ON WEST (1400 MILES, DURAND LINE
IN 1897)
 IRAN ON SOUTH WEST (550 MILES)
 ARABIAN SEA ON SOUTH, PART OF INDIAN OCEAN
Physical Features
 Mountains ranges  Pleatues
1. North Eastern mountain ranges 1. Potohar Pleatue
2. North Western mountain ranges 2. BaluchistanPleatue
 Indus plains  Deserts
1. Upper Indus plain Cholistan
2. Lower Indus plain Thar
3. Indus delta plain
Mountain ranges
North Western mountain ranges
 Sawalak range  Central hamalya
Sialkot,gujrat, jehlam, 20,000 feet in between
Rawalpind,attock karakoram and panjal
2000-3000 feet
 Karakoram range
 Peer panjal range 20,000 k2 28250 feet
5000 feet
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Mountain Ranges
North Eastern mountain ranges
 Hindukush range  Koh-e-suleman
Between Indus to Kabul river. 300 miles
10-16000
11000.Takth-e-suleman
Turch meer
 Kerthar range
 Koh-e-safaid 7000 feet
5-12000
Western sindh
 Waziristan range
Between toochi and gomal.
Sindh plains

 Upper plain  Lower plain  Delta plain

Fertilize land Sindh Below thata
600-1000 feet land of Rain very less 20-25 kms from
five rivers arabian sea
Mathan kot to thata
Rain<20 inch per year
Punjab
 Continue…
Deserts
 Cholistan desert  Thar desert
Part of rajputana desert in india khairpur, mirpur khas areas
Dry Most dry part of pakistan
Between jehlum and indus river It is the seventh largest desert of
the world and third one in asia &
Spans an area of 16000 square
spans an area of 200,000
kilometer.
 The Thal
 The Kharan desert
Located in kharan district
Located between Indus & jhelum
 Continue…
Lakes and valleys

Lakes: Valleys:
 Saif-al-Maluk  Chitral valley
 Dadi patsar  Kaghan valley
 Ansu Jheel  Swat Kalam Valley
 Attabad Lake  Skardu
 Hanna Lake
Climatic Conditions
 North Eastern and north  Baluchistan Pleatue:
western mountain areas: less rain
very high from sea level. dry
snow fall during winter hot summer
pleasant weather during summer
 costal areas:
40 inches rain per year
pleasant weather whole year.
 plains of Sindh and Punjab: 7 inch rain per year
summer very hot temp - 52 degrees
30 inches rain per year
Soil of pakistan
 Mountain soil  North western  Upper Indus
Dark yellowish, mountain soil plain soil
fertile Dry Dry soil also called
Natural grass and padocals
Less rain
forests Calcium carbonate is
Red color
Chitral, Sawat, Gilgit found
Not fertile
Fertile..
Iron, lime, silica
Came from
are found
mountains by water.
Soil of punjab
 Continue…
Soil of Pakistan
 Thar soil  Lower Indus  Baluchistan platue
Brownish color, soil soil
Sand is found lime, Favouable for rice Also calles loesses soil as
iron, potasium, it comes from south west
Soil of sindh
phophate is found platue by winds
Favourable for
Lake of water spoils Fertile if water is
cotton, sugar cane
it provided.
and wheat
Contribution of Agriculture
 Increasing GDP of economy:
 Foreign exchange earner
 Sustaining the population
 Source of employment
46.61 % employment by agriculture 
 Increasing the tax revenue
20% contribution in GDP
Agriculture Crops in Pakistan

 Wheat  Rice  Maize

Share 3.5% of GDP 2nd largest crop in Important food Raw
area under Pakistan material for edible
oil production
Wheat is 8494 Contributes 1.2 %
thousand hectors of GDP Used for starch and
wheat output is poultry food mixe
5th largest rice
23.52 million tons
exporting country
Self sufficient in
Finest quality
wheat.
called basmati..
Exporter of whet World recognized
 Agriculture crops in pakistan

 Cotton  Sugar cane  Tobacco

Most important cash Important cash crop Production is 126
crop. thousand tons
Provides raw
Supplies raw material material for sugar Fine Virginia tobacco is
to textile industry and gur produced in Punjab and
KPK
Contributes 1.8% of Value in agriculture
GDP Provides is 3.5 % Exporting as cigarettes
employment Meeting domestic need
Population of Pakistan
 The population of Pakistan is estimated at 193.33 millions as in 2015.
 Pakistan's population is equivalent to 2.56% of the total world population.
 Pakistan ranks number 6 in the list of countries by population.
 The population density in Pakistan is 233 people per Km2.
 one person in every 39 people on the planet is a resident of Pakistan.
 The median age in Pakistan is 22.8 years
Growth Rate
 3%  2%
1951 to 2000 to
1980 2012
 2.6%  1.6%
1980 to Now
2000
Population in Province of Pakistan
 Baluchistan 06%
 Punjab 57%
 Sind 17%
 KPK 20%
Thank You.