Lecture one

Super Thursday 9 November 2017

Concept of Urban Planning
1. Where we live?
2. What is Urban ?
3. What is Urbanization ?
4. What is planning ?
5. What is Urban Planning?
1. Where we live?
1. Where we live?

urban
suburban
rural
 1. Where we live?

urban
An urban area is a city or town
•It is crowded with a lots of
buildings, peoples & traffic
 1. Where we live?
suburban
A suburban area is near to a
city, often called the suburbs
•It is less crowded than a city,
the buildings are smaller and
less people
 1. Where we live?
rural
A rural area is away from the
cities and suburbs where
everything is spread out.
•It is not crowded and no many
peoples & buildings
2. What is Urban ?
 2. What is Urban ?
1. Demographic
2. Economic
3. Political/Administration
4. Availability of services and amenities
 2. What is Urban ?
1. Demographic:
most countries define cities by population size
Sweden, Denmark, Iceland 200 population
Ethiopia, 2000 population to call it town
USA 2500 people to designate urban
Japan 50,000 population area as urban
2. Economic:
Here settlements quality as urban if they have at least a
specified proportion of their economically active
population engaged in non-agriculture activities.
Thus a center or settlement that relies heavily on
service sectors is urban
 2. What is Urban ?
3. Political/Administration:
Places agglomerations or localities which
possess some form of local government
status such as local government areas
municipalities, etc. could be considered urban
4. Availability of services:
Those includes, piped water supply, electric
lighting ,sewer lines, local transport system,
hospital, police station, court of law etc.
 Urban Vs Rural
An Urban area
Is characterized by higher population density and vast
human features in comparison to areas surrounding it.
Urban areas are created and further developed by the
process of urbanization.
The meaning of urban is a city or a town; size doesn't
matter, whether it is big or small, if it is a city/town, it is
urban
A rural area
is considered countryside.
It is a less populated area than a city.
Most of the time a rural area consists of farming land and
wooded areas for hunting.
 City Vs Town
Cities and towns are differentiated: primarily by an
area’s demography and its geography.
•Cities are larger dwelling places than towns.
•Cities cover a wider area than towns.
•Cities are more densely populated than towns.
•Unlike towns, most cities are the seat of most of a
region’s administrative offices or functions.
 City Vs Town
In Ethiopia:
1.To say small town the population number must be more
than 2,000 and less than 100,000.
Dukem, Sululta, Modjo, Sebeta etc.
2.To say town the population number must be more than
100,000 and less than 200,000.
Dessie, Jimma, Jijiga, Shashamane, Bishoftu, Sodo, Arba
Minch, Hosaena, Harar, Dila, Nekemte, Asosa, Debre Birhan,
Ambo, Asella etc.
3.To say city the population number must be more than
200,000.
Addis Abeba, Adama, Gondar, Mekelle, Bahir Dar,
Hawassa and Dire Dawa
Partial view of Cities in Ethiopia
Addis Abeba Adama

Gondar Mekelle
3. What is Urbanization?
 3. What is Urbanization ?
Urbanization refers to the population shift from
rural to urban areas.
The gradual increase in the proportion of people
living in urban areas.
The process by which towns and cities are
formed and become larger as more people begin
living and working in central areas.
Urban areas are created and further
developed by the process of urbanization.
 Causes of urbanization?
Driving forces include
Pull factors:
•the opportunities and services offered in urban
areas
•Many people move into cities for the economic
opportunities, for jobs, education, housing, and
transportation.
Push factors:
•conflict
•land degradation and
•exhaustion of natural resources
 Effects of urbanization?
Economic effects
•Unemployment
•lack of access to financial services and
business advisory services,
•difficulty in obtaining credit to start a business,
and
•lack of entrepreneurial skills
•access to quality education and infrastructure
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects
•The existence of Urban heat islands
•An urban heat island is formed when industrial and
urban areas produce and retain heat.
•absorbed by buildings and asphalt; leading to
higher surface temperatures.
•Vehicles, factories and industrial and domestic
heating and cooling units release even more heat.
•As a result, cities are warmer than surrounding
landscapes.
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Addis Abeba Inner city

decline in the quality of the built environment in many inner cities
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Addis Abeba Inner city

decline in the quality of the built environment in many inner cities
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Sprawling suburbs are converting farmland, forests, and

natural areas to housing subdivisions.
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Sprawling suburbs are converting farmland, forests, and

natural areas to housing subdivisions.
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Sprawling suburbs are converting farmland, forests, and

natural areas to housing subdivisions.
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Informal settlement in the northern part of Addis Ababa causing

both urban sprawl and encroachment into the fragile ecosystem
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Informal settlement in the northern part of Addis Ababa causing

both urban sprawl and encroachment into the fragile ecosystem
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Informal settlement in the northern part of Addis Ababa causing

both urban sprawl and encroachment into the fragile ecosystem
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Adama, Extraction and Depletion of Natural Resources

and Environmental degradation
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Forest Clearing Around Holeta Town

 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Waste disposal on a public open space

 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Uncontrolled waste at the road side

 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Uncontrolled waste at Fig: Waste storage in the

the middle of the road open landscape
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Waste storage at the river bank and a water supply system
 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: QOSHE Waste Dumping Site at the center of the City

 Effects of urbanization?
Environmental effects

Fig: Urban air pollution

Air pollution is common due to the
growing number of motor vehicles
and increasing industrial activity
 Effects of urbanization?
Health and social effects
• Rapid urbanization has led to increased mortality
due to communicable diseases.
• Residents in poor urban areas such as slums and
informal settlements suffer "excessively from
disease, injury, premature death, and the
combination of ill-health and poverty entrenches
disadvantage over time.
4. What is planning ?
 4. What is planning ?
Glossary of key words
Design
Create detailed plan of something
Plan and make something
Intend something for a particular use. (Encarta
Dictionaries, 2009)
Orderly

•Neatly arranged or organized in a neat,

sequence, sensible and proper way
 4. What is planning ?

Planning: definition 1

Is the design of a desired future and of

effective ways of bringing it about. (Ackoff,

1970)
 4. What is planning ?

Planning: definition 2
•Is the making of an orderly sequence of

actions that will lead to the deliberate

achievement of certain goal/or

objectives . (Hall, 1974)
 4. What is planning ?

Planning: definition 3
Is the process of preparing set of
decisions for action in the future directed

at achieving goals by preferable means.

(Faludi, 1973)
 4. What is planning ?
Word planning is today applied to many
different human activities for instance:
Educational planning
Housing planning
Social service planning
Industrial manufacturing planning
Planning for war
Planning for peace
Urban planning
5. What is urban planning?
 5. What is urban planning?
Glossary of key words
Spatial
Relating to space: relating to, occupying or
happening in space
Structure
•System of parts
•Way that parts link function
Blue print
•Photographic print of a technical drawing/ blue
on white or white on blue
•A plan of action to guide something
(Encarta Dictionaries, 2009)
 5. What is urban planning?

The study of the way towns (or cities)

work, including
•traffic,
•where people live,
•their services…
And planning the way they are built to
make them as effective as possible ( Longman
dictionary, 1987)
 5. What is urban planning?

• It refers to planning with spatial component

•to provide for a spatial structure of

activities ( land uses)

• which is better than the pattern existing
without planning. (Hall, 1974)
 5. What is urban planning?
• it is discipline of land use planning which deals
with the
physical
social
economic and
environmental development of settlement from
the small to the large cities and thereby to provide
the best possible environment for people
 5. What is urban planning?
main techniques
written statements, supplemented by
statistical projections,
mathematical representations,
Diagrams illustrating relationships
may include exact physical blue prints of
objects or maps. (Hall 2002,)
 main techniques
Maps / blue prints

Illustrating Diagrams

mathematical representations statistical projections

 ASSIGNMENT I
• Individual Assignment 20% (Paper Report 12% + Paper Presentation 8%)
• Paper Submission and Presentation Date = Monday Nov. 20/2017 @8:00
• Your paper/report not exceed 10(ten) Pages
• For presentation you can use power point (ppt) or the paper

Choose one urban center city/town from the world and discuss the following listed
contents. In your report you can include graphics, pictures, maps etc.
 Historical Background (Formation or How created)
 Origin and growth of urban (city or town)
 Geographic Setting (location)
 Topographic Characteristics
 Climate Characteristics (Temperature, Rainfall, Wind Direction and Speed)
 Demographic Characteristics (Population Size)
 Economic Characteristics (Economic Basis)
 You can add further any other ideas

Notice
o Dependence and copying ones work and submitting other’s work is considered as
cheating and shall be penalized.
o Zero tolerance for late submission
 the end of today class

Coming up
Lecture Two
Concept of Urban Planning Cont.…….
1. Why Plan? The Need for planning
2. Urban Planning Classification
3. The Planning Process
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