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Taxonomy

This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the diversity of life across kingdoms. It discusses how taxonomy is used to classify organisms and relate their evolutionary relationships. The major kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - are introduced along with the characteristic features of each. For the animal kingdom specifically, the 9 phyla are defined, including examples of representative phyla like sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates. Key vertebrate groups within chordates like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are also outlined.

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40 views61 pages

Taxonomy

This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the diversity of life across kingdoms. It discusses how taxonomy is used to classify organisms and relate their evolutionary relationships. The major kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - are introduced along with the characteristic features of each. For the animal kingdom specifically, the 9 phyla are defined, including examples of representative phyla like sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates. Key vertebrate groups within chordates like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Adelfa Libanon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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General Zoology

MNSD Analou D. Dedal email: [email protected]


Diversity of Life
VI. Diversity of Life
(Patterns of Taxonomy
Structure, Function
and Reproduction)  is the science that names organisms and
assigns the organisms to groups known as
• Kingdom Monera taxa.

• Kingdom Protista Taxa - show evolutionary relationships among


organisms.
• Kingdom Fungi

• Kingdom Plantae  Currently, biochemists use similarities and


• Kingdom Animalia differences among chemical compounds to
classify organisms.

 Molecule of DNA and RNA are often used to


demonstrate evolutionary relationships among
different kinds of organisms.
Carolus Linnaeus

 gave each organism he classified


a simple two – part scientific name.
All Organisms  The following dichotomous key
shows the bases for determining
the kingdom to which an organism
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Kingdom Monera belong:

Unicellular and their Multicellular


Close multicellular
Relatives
Kingdom Protista

Photosynthetic Non – photosynthetic


Kingdom Plantae

Absorptive Ingestive
Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia
Diversity of Life

Kingdom: Monera

• microscopic
• unicellular
• Prokaryotic
Diversity of Life
Diversity of Life
Diversity of Life
Diversity of Life
Kingdom Animalia
a
The 9 major phyla of the animal kingdom:

1. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)


Kingdom Animalia
a
The 9 major phyla of the animal kingdom:

2. Phylum Ctenophora (Comb Jellies)

Pleubrachia pileus Polyorchis penicillatus


Kingdom Animalia
a
The 9 major phyla of the animal kingdom:

3. Phylum Cnidaria (Cnidarians)


Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

4. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

Planaria, Dugesia

Blood fluke, Schistosoma


Tapeworm, Taenia
Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

5. Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

Roundworms, Ascaris Filarial worm


Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

6. Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)

Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris Christmas tree worm,


Spirobranchus giganteus

Medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis


Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

7. Phylum Mollusca (Mollusks)

• Bivalves
Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

7. Phylum Arthropoda (Joint – appendage Organisms)

• Crustacean

Sally light foot crab, Grapsus Red - backed cleaning shrimp,


grapsus Lysmata grysbhami
Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

8. Phylum Echinodermata (Spiny – skin Organisms)

Sea Cucumber,
Psedocolochirus Red sea star,
Purple Sea Urchin, Mediastar
Strongylocentrotus
Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

9. Phylum Chordata (chordates)

• notochord

• dorsal nerve tube

• Pharyngeal pouches

• postanal tail
Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

9. Phylum Chordata (chordates)

• Nonvertebrate Chordates

Subphylum urochordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets, Branchlostoma Sea squirt, Halocynthia


Kingdom Animalia
a
The major phyla of the animal kingdom:

10. Phylum Chordata (chordates)

• Vertebrate Chordates

• Fishes

1. Jawless Fishes

Lamprey, Petromyzon
Kingdom Animalia
a
10. Phylum Chordata (chordates)
• Vertebrate Chordates

2. Cartilaginous Fishes - Chondrichthyes

Sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus Blue – spotted stingray, Taeniura


lymma
Kingdom Animalia
a
10. Phylum Chordata (chordates)
• Vertebrate Chordates

2. Bony Fishes – Osteichthyes (Ray – finned)

Swordfish, Xiphias gladius


Lion fish, Pterois volitans
Kingdom Animalia
a
10. Phylum Chordata (chordates)
• Vertebrate Chordates

2. Bony Fishes (lobe – finned)

Coelacanth, Latemeria chalumnae


Kingdom Animalia
a
10. Phylum Chordata (chordates)
• Vertebrate Chordates

• Amphibians

3 Orders

1. Salamanders and Newts

Barred tiger salamander, Ambystoma


Newt tigrinum
Kingdom Animalia
a
• Amphibians

2. Frogs and Toads


3. Caecilians
Kingdom Animalia
a

• Reptilians

• Paired limbs

• Have scales, not fur

• Have dry skin


Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas
• Usually lay eggs, but sometimes live
young

• Four legs or no legs

• Cold blooded

Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus


Kingdom Animalia
a

• Birds/ AVES

• Feathers and wings

• lay eggs

• warm blooded

• Have two legs Bald Eagle, Haliaetus leucocephalus

Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus


Kingdom Animalia
a

• Mammals

• Hair

• Mammary glands

• Give birth to live young

• Warm blooded

• Usually live on land and have 4 legs.

3 Groups:
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. placental
Kingdom Animalia
a
• Mammals
2. Marsupials
1. Monotremes

Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus

Duckbill platypus,
Ornithorchynchus anatinus

Virginia Oppossum, Didelphis virginianus


Kingdom Animalia
a
• Mammals

3. Placental

White – tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Squirrel monkey, Saimiri


sciureus

Killer Whale, Orcinus Orca


Sources

http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/
Zygomycota.html

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