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Presentation of Chemistry

This document presents a study on the setting of cement mixtures. It discusses the aims, theories, procedures and observations of the experiment. Different cement mixtures were tested with river sand, fly ash and lime at various ratios. The strength of each mixture was observed after 3, 7 and 10 days of setting by measuring the minimum weight required to break cement slabs. The conclusion is that mixture strength increases with more setting time allowed.

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rita karki
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76 views11 pages

Presentation of Chemistry

This document presents a study on the setting of cement mixtures. It discusses the aims, theories, procedures and observations of the experiment. Different cement mixtures were tested with river sand, fly ash and lime at various ratios. The strength of each mixture was observed after 3, 7 and 10 days of setting by measuring the minimum weight required to break cement slabs. The conclusion is that mixture strength increases with more setting time allowed.

Uploaded by

rita karki
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRESENTATION

TOPIC : Study Of Setting Of Cement

Presented By:
1.Renu lamsalintroduction

2.Sangita Basnetbody part

3.Saroj KatwalConclusion
INDEX

1. AIM OF PROJECT
2. THEORY
3. INTRODUCTION
4. APPARATUS REQUIRED
4. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
6. OBSERVATION
7.CONCLUSION
8. PRECAUTION
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

To study the setting of mixture of cement with sand,


Time and fly ash with respect to time and strength.
INTRODUCTION

In the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is a binder, a substance that sets and
hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word “ cement “
traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry
resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as
binder. The volcanic ash and a pulverized brick additive that were added to the burnt
lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum,
cament and cement.
The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete
The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material that is
durable in the face of normal environment effects.
PORTALAND CEMENT

Cement is made by heating limestone calcium cabonate), with small quantities of


other materials such
C in a kiln, in aprocess known as calcination, whereby a molecule of carbon dioxide
is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide,or quicklime,which is
then blended with the other materials that have been included ih the mix. The
resulting hard substance, called ‘clinker’, is then ground with a small amount of
gypsum into a powder to make ‘Ordinary Portland Cement’, the ly
Cement often referred to as OPC).Portland cement is a basic ingredient of
concrete, mortar and non speciality grout. The most common use for portland
cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material
consisting of aggregate gravel and sand), cement and water. As a construction
material, concrete can be cast in almost any shape desired and once hardened, can
become a structural load baering) element. Portland cement may be gray or white.
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS USING CEMENT

Cement used in construction is characterised as hydraulic or non-hydraulic.


Hydraulic cements
Eg. Portland cement) harden because of hydration
Chemical reactions that occurs independently Of the mixture’s water content;
they can harden
Even underwater or when constantly exposed to wet
Weather. The chemical reaction that results when the anhydrous cement powder
is mixed with water
Hydraulic cements eg. Lime and gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in order to
retain their strength.
THEORY

Sand obtained from different sources has different


Qualities. For example, Sea sand obtained from sea contains unwanted salts and
retards setting of cement and is not suitable for making mortar.
On the other hand, Pit sand is obtained from pits in
The soil and the River sand obtained from riverbed is
Considered excellent for preparing mortar and
Concrete.
EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR

Time has an important role on strength of developed cement mortar. When a cement paste in
the ratio 1:3 in water is allowed to dry, the strength of solid mass keeps on increasing with
increase in time given for setting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days
APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Beakers, glass rods, weight box, matchboxes


2. Limestone, river sand, cement and fly ash
 

PROCEDURE

1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given in Observation table.


2. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakers by adding minimum amount of
Water
3.Take nine cases of empty match boxes and mark them from 1 to 9.Paste of each
composition.
5. Spray water from time to time over the paste ,so that they remain moist all the time.
6. After three days, take out one slab of each composition and test their strengths.
7. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days
After 30 days respectively and test their strengths
 
OBSERVATION

COMPOSITION OF MIXTURE AND RATIO MINIMUM WEIGHT TO BREAK THE SLAB


AFTER
3 DAYS 7 DAYS 10 DAYS
1 CEMENT:RIVER SAND(1:3) 18 GRAM 20 GRAM 30 GRAM
2 CEMENT:RIVER SAND:FLY ASH (2:9:1) 16 GRAM 18 GRAM 26 GRAM
3 CEMENT:RIVER SAND:LIME (1:3:1) 10 GRA 15 GRAM 20 GRAM
By seeing the observation we can estimate the hardness of the slab.
CONCLUSION

The strength of the slab increases with the increase in setting time allowed.

PRECAUTION
Handle the glass wares safely.
➢ Allow the time required to set.
➢ Spray only required amount of water.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

-WIKIPEDIA
- NCERT
- PROJECTS.ICBSE

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