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Transients and Resonance Elex 4

This document discusses electrical transients, time constants, resonance, resonant circuits, and filters. It defines key terms like transient phenomena, time constants, resonance frequency, resonant circuit, bandwidth, and quality factor Q. It describes the characteristics of series and parallel resonance circuits. It also outlines different types of filters including low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and band-reject filters. Cutoff frequencies for different filter configurations are discussed.

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Edward Nocon
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94 views18 pages

Transients and Resonance Elex 4

This document discusses electrical transients, time constants, resonance, resonant circuits, and filters. It defines key terms like transient phenomena, time constants, resonance frequency, resonant circuit, bandwidth, and quality factor Q. It describes the characteristics of series and parallel resonance circuits. It also outlines different types of filters including low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and band-reject filters. Cutoff frequencies for different filter configurations are discussed.

Uploaded by

Edward Nocon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transients and

Resonance
Electrical Transients (DC)
• Temporary phenomenon
• Occurs in a circuit network prior reaching a stead state condition.
• Period required for the voltages and currents to adjust themselves to
the steady state condition after it is turned on.
Time Constants τ
• Time it takes for the current in an inductor or the voltage across the
capacitor to change from 63.2% of the maximum
• RC Circuit

• RL Circuit
Resonance

• Occurs when
• Only one frequency
• At resonance R
• Above Resonance ELI (Voltage Leads Current) Inductor
• Below Resonance ICE (Current Leads Voltage) Capacitor
Resonant Frequency
Resonant Circuit
• Circuit consists of a coil and a capacitor
• Connected either in series or parallel
• Tune circuit or LC Circuit
Series Resonance

• Impedance Minimum
• Current Maximum
• Circuit Resistive
• Maximum Voltage drop in L OR C but Minimum across L AND C.
• Above Resonance = INDUCTIVE
• Below Resonance = CAPACITIVE
Parallel Resonance

• Impedance Maximum
• Current Minimum
• Circuit Resistive
• Maximum Current in L OR C and Minimum at L AND C
• Above Resonance = CAPACITIVE
• Below Resonance = INDUCTIVE
• ANTI RESONANCE
Magnification Factor Q
• Quality or figure of merit of resonant circuit
• Affects bandwidth and selectivity
• Higher q better resonant circuit

• = Quality Factor
• = Inductive reactance / Ohms
• = Series Resistance of the Inductor / Ohms
Q of a Series LC Circuit
•
Q of a Parallel LC Circuit

𝑹𝑷 𝑿𝑳
𝑸= =
𝑿𝑳 𝑿
𝟐
𝑳
𝑹𝒔 +
𝑹𝑷
Bandwidth
• Width of the resonant band of frequencies centered around fr

• = bandwidth /Hz
• = resonant frequency / Hz
• = figure of merit / magnification factor
Filters
• Separates different components that are mixed together
• Consists of a combination of R, L, and C connected to either permit or
prevent passage of a certain band of frequencies.
Filter Types
• LOW – PASS FILTER – low frequencies attenuates high frequencies
• HIGH – PASS FILTER – high frequencies attenuates low frequencies
• BANDPASS FILTER – permit certain band of frequencies to be
passed
• BAND-REJECT FILTER – rejects a certain band of frequencies and
pass all others
Filter Type Series Parallel
LO HI LO HI
Low Pass ON OFF OFF ON
High Pass OFF ON ON OFF

Band Pass Filter Series – Series Parallel – Parallel


Band Reject Filter Parallel – Series Series - Parallel
Filter Cut off Frequency

• @ RC

• @ RL
Capacitors at DC Steady State Resonance

Inductors at DC Steady State


Resonant Frequency
RC Circuit

RL Circuit Magnification Factor


Q of a Series LC Circuit Filter Cut off Frequency

Q of a Parallel LC Circuit @ RC

Bandwidth @ RL

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