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(Lecture 5) Integumentary System

Burns are injuries to the skin or tissue caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction, or chemicals. There are four main types of burns: thermal, radiation, chemical, and electrical. Burns are classified based on the depth of skin damage as first, second, or third-degree. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, while second and third-degree burns involve deeper layers of skin and can damage muscles and bones.

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Diyah Ayuningtiyas
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51 views20 pages

(Lecture 5) Integumentary System

Burns are injuries to the skin or tissue caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction, or chemicals. There are four main types of burns: thermal, radiation, chemical, and electrical. Burns are classified based on the depth of skin damage as first, second, or third-degree. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, while second and third-degree burns involve deeper layers of skin and can damage muscles and bones.

Uploaded by

Diyah Ayuningtiyas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PART OF SKIN

BURN INJURY

• A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to
radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals
TYPES OF BURNS

• Thermal burns. These burns are due to heat sources which raise the temperature of the skin and tissues
and cause tissue cell death or charring. Hot metals, scalding liquids, steam, and flames, when coming
into contact with the skin, can cause thermal burns.
• Radiation burns. These burns are due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun, or to other
sources of radiation such as X-ray.
• Chemical burns. These burns are due to strong acids, alkalies, detergents, or solvents coming into
contact with the skin or eyes.
• Electrical burns. These burns are from electrical current, either alternating current (AC) or direct current
(DC).
BURN CLASSIFICATION

• First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer


layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, with no
blisters and no tissue or nerve damage. Mild sunburn
is an example.
• Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually involves
an increase or decrease in the skin color.
BURN CLASSIFICATION
• Second-degree (partial thickness) burns
Second-degree burns involve the epidermis
and part of the dermis layer of skin.
• The burn site appears red, blistered, and may
be swollen and painful.
BURN CLASSIFICATION
• Third-degree (full thickness) burns
Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree
burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.
• When bones, muscles, or tendons are also burned, this may be referred
to as a fourth-degree burn. The burn site appears white or charred.
There is no feeling in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.
• Symptom :
• no pain in the zone of coagulation but painful at surrounding tissues
• Dry and leathery skin.
• Black, white, brown, or yellow skin.
• Swelling.
• Lack of pain because nerve endings have been destroyed.
BRADEN
SCALE
1. SENSORY PERCEPTION
2. MOISTURE
3. ACTIVITY
4. MOBILITY
5. NUTRITION
6. FRICTION & SHEAR
THE INTERPRETATION OF BRADEN SCORE

• No risk (19 – 23)


• Mild risk (15 – 18)
• Moderate risk (13 – 14)
• High risk ( 10 – 12)
• Severe risk (9 or less)
ITCH SCALE

• Your health care team may ask you to describe the intensity and impact of your itch:
• To describe intensity, or how strong the itch is, adults are usually asked to rate the itching on a
scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is “no itch” and 10 is “worst itch imaginable”
• Children are often asked to use the Burn Man Itch Scale to describe their itch (see below).
ITCH SCALE
THE OTHER EXAMINATION

• Pain
• Range of Motion
• Muscle Strength
• Anthropometry
• And many other

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