Design of Two-Way Flat Slab

Two-way Slab (Flat-slab)

Using the direct design method, design the typical exterior flat-slab
panel with drop down panels only. The floor consists of eight panels
at each direction, with a panel size 24ft x 20ft. All panels are
supported on 20 in. square columns, 12 ft long. The slab carries a
uniform service live load of 80 psf and service dead load that
consists of 24 psf of finished excluding to the slab self-weight. Use
fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi
The thickness of the slab is
found using table.

 12 in 
24 *    20 in
ln  
  ft   8.12 in No panels
33 33
 12 in 
24 *    20 in
ln  
  ft   7.44 in  8.0 in
36 36
From the ACI Code limitation:
1. For panels with discontinuous edges, end beams
with a minimum  equal to 0.8 must be used;
otherwise, the minimum slab thickness calculated
by the equations must be increased by at least 10%.
2. When drop panels are used without beams, the
minimum slab thickness may be reduced by 10 %.
The drop panels should extend in each direction
from the centerline of support a distance not less
than one-sixth of the span length in that direction
between center to center of supports and also
projection below the slab at least h/4.
From the ACI Code limitation:
3. Regardless of the values obtained for the equations,
the thickness of two-way slabs shall not be less
than the following:

1. For slabs without beams or drop panels, 5 in.

2. for slabs without beams but with drop
panels, 4 in.
3. for slabs with beams on all four sides with
m > 2.0, 3.5 in. and for m < 2.0, 5 in. (ACI
Code 9.5.3)
Therefore, the drop panel thickness is
h 8 in.
h  8 in.   10 in.
4 4
The drop panel half width is at least L/6 in length.
L 24 ft
  4 ft
6 6
L 20 ft
  3.33 ft  3.5 ft
6 6
Therefore, the drop-down panel thickness is 10 in. and
has 7 ft x 8 ft. Therefore d = 8 - 0.75 - 0.5= 6.75 inch
Drop size = 7’x8’ [32”+20”+32” x 38”+20”+38” ]
The load on the slab is given as:
 1 ft 
Slab load  24 lb/ft  8 in. 
2
150 lb/ft 3
 124 lb/ft 2

 12 in. 
wu  1.2 124 lb/ft 2   1.6 80 lb/ft 2   276.8 lb/ft 2

The load on the drop panel is

 1 ft 
Panel load  24 lb/ft  10 in. 
2
 150 lb/ft 3
 149 lb/ft 2

 12 in. 
wu  1.2 149 lb/ft 2   1.6 80 lb/ft 2   306.8 lb/ft 2
 The drop panel length is L/3 in each direction, then the
average wu is

2 1
wu   276.8 lb/ft   306.8 lb/ft   286.8 lb/ft
2 2 2

3 3
The punch out shear at center column is
d  10 in.  0.75 in.  0.5 in.
 8.75 in.

bo  420 in.  8.75 in.

 115 in.
 The punch out shear at center column is
(c+d) x (c+d) = (20”+8.75”) x (20”+8.75”) =
28.75x28.75 = 826.56 in˄2
2
   1 ft   
Vu   0.287 k/ft 2    24 ft  20 ft    28.75 in.    
   12 in.   
 
 136.1 k

Vc   4 f c bo d 

 0.75 4 4000 115 in.8.75 in. 
 190.9 k  Vu OK.
The punch out shear at drop panel is
d  8 in.  0.75 in.  0.5 in.
 6.75 in.
  12 in.  
bo  2 8 ft.   6.75 in.
   
  1 ft.  
  12 in.  
 2 7 ft.   6.75 in.
   
  1 ft.  
 387 in.
 The punch out shear at drop panel is [Vu = Wu x A]
   1 ft    1 ft   
Vu   0.287 k/ft    24 ft  20 ft   102.75 in. 
2
  90.75 in.  
   12 in.    12 in. 
 119.2 k

Vc   4 f c bo d 

 0.75 4 4000 387 in. 6.75 in. 
 495.6 k  Vu OK.
Moment Mo for the two directions are:
ln = 24’-1.67’ = 22.33’ and ln = 20’ - 1.67’ = 18.33’

Long  0.287 k/ft 2

 20 ft   22.33 ft 
2

direction M o  8
 357.9 k-ft

Short  0.287 k/ft 2

 24 ft  18.33 ft 
2

direction M o  8
 289.4 k-ft
The column strip will be 10 ft. (20 ft /4 = 5ft),
therefore the middle strips for long section is 10 ft and
the middle strip for the short section will be 14 ft.

The average d for d  10 in.  1.5 in.

the panel section  8.5 in.

The average d for

d  8 in.  1.5 in.
the slab section  6.5 in.
Distribution of Mo to
negative and positive
moments

Interior span (long).

Negative – Moment 0.65 357.9 k-ft   232.6 k-ft

Positive + Moment 0.35 357.9 k-ft   125.3 k-ft
Column Strip
Negative – Moment 0.75  232.6 k-ft   174.5 k-ft
Positive + Moment 0.60 125.3 k-ft   75.2 k-ft
Middle Strip
Negative – Moment: 232.6 - 174.5 = 58.2 k-ft
Positive + Moment: 125.3 -75.2 = 50.2 k- ft
Computing the reinforcement:
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft
Compute the reinforcement need for the internal moment
in long direction. Strip width b =120 in. (10 ft) d =8.5 in.
and Mu = 174.5 k-ft
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and h = 10 in.
The area of the steel reinforcement for a strip width
b =120 in. (10 ft), d = 8.5 in., and As = 4.76 in2. Use
#5 bar (Ab = 0.31 in2 )

Maximum spacing is 2(h)

or 18 in.
So 7.5 in. < 18 in. OK
 Example –Two-way Slab (Panels)
The long direction Column Strip Middle Strip

Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment (k-ft) 174.5 75.2 58.2 50.2
b (in) 120 120 120 120
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 4 4 4 4
Ru (ksi) 0.26800 0.17799 0.13775 0.11882

r 0.00420 0.00310 0.00240 0.00200

As (in2) 4.28 2.42 1.87 1.56
As(min) (in2) 2.16 1.73 1.73 1.73
# bars req 13.82 12.33 9.52 7.94
spacing (in) 8.68 7.73 12.60 15.00
Use
# bars 14#5 14#4 10 #4 8#4
spacing (in) 8 8 12 12
 Example –Two-way Slab (Panels)
The short direction Column Strip Middle Strip

Negative Positive Negative Positive

Moment (k-ft) 141.1 60.8 47.1 40.5
b (in) 120 120 168 168
d (in) 8.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
h (in) 10 8 8 8
fy (ksi) 60 60 60 60
fc (ksi) 4 4 4 4
Ru (ksi) 0.19529 0.15970 0.08840 0.07600

r 0.00340 0.00280 0.00180 0.00180

A s (in2) 3.47 2.18 1.97 1.97
As(min) (in2) 1.84 1.40 1.97 1.97
# bars req 11.19 11.10 10.00 10.00
spacing (in) 10.00 10.00 16.80 16.80
Use
# bars 12#5 12 #4 10#4 10#4
spacing (in) 10 10 12 12