Overview

Units 2, 3 and
4
Here you’ll find a summary of the units
 Contents of this Presentation
Here’s what you’ll find in this presentation:

1. Unit 2

• Grammar: Past tenses with hypotetical meaning

• Adverbs for modifying comparatives

• Vocabulary: Sleep, idioms with sleep and dream.

2. Unit 3

• Grammar: Mixed Conditionals

• Vocabulary: Phrasal Verbs. Expressions with luck

3. Unit 4

• Grammar: Emphatic structures

• Vocabulary: laughter. Idioms with laugh and joke

 Unit 2
Past tenses with hypothetical meaning: Don't
We use the Past Simple tense to talk about how we f orget
would like present or current situations to be different.
Using certain expressions like:  It’s time, I’d prefer it ...
if, I wish and If only.
With I’d rather and I’d prefer, we use the infinitive
when the subject of the second verb is the same as the
subject of I’d rather and I’d prefer. Also, with I’d
rather, I’d prefer and It’s time, we use the infinitive
when there is no second subject.

Examples:
It’s time to go.             I’d prefer to eat now.
It’s time we left.          I’d prefer it if we ate now.
 Using Past Simple for hypothetical menaing.
Examples

• We have to leave now. _______It’s time we left_____.

• I don’t have enough free time. ___I wish I had more free time___
• Could you phone me?___I’d like you to phone me___
• You should go to sleep now. ___I’d like you to go to sleep now___
• I’m so stressed. __If only I wasn’t so stressed__
• I always feel tired in the afternoon. _It might help to_to go out to
eat / it if we went out to eat_
 Using Past Simple for hypothetical menaing.
Exercises
Don't
forge
1. Rearrange the words to make sentences using the correct form of the Use t t
h
verb in brackets. simpl e past
e
• train / the / I / would / prefer / (take) infini form or
ti
• I’d prefer to take the train. the ca ve if it is
se
• home / like / I’d / now (go)__________________________
• wish / get / sleep / more / I (can)_______________________
• only / if / we / more / time / (have)_______________________
• us / it’s / time / for (eat)________________________________
• so / wish / you / I / busy (not be)___________________________
Vocabulary
Find the definitions of the following:
Unit 2 ● Nod off
● Fall asleep
● Lie in
● A light sleeper
Common collocations and ● Fast asleep
phrasal verbs using “sleep”
● Snore loudly
● Under the covers
● Take a nap
Collocations and phrasal verbs with
“sleep”
1. Complete the sentences with the words in the list. There are two extra words.
lie | light | snore | nod | fast | under | take | fall
• Jamie is a light sleeper. The slightest noise can’t wake him up.
• I like to __________ in on Sunday morning
• I almost always _________ off if I try to watch a film late at night.
• Do you ever _________ a nap after lunch?
• I listen to chill out music to help me _________ asleep.
• Julian used to read _________ the covers with a torch.
Grammar: Adverbs for modifying
comparatives
Examples:
1. Sleep Paralysis is considerably more
frightening than the worst nightmare.
2. Dreams allowus to deal with emotions
and work out problems that seem to be far
more difficult to solve when we are
awake.
3. But some dreams are not nearly as helpful
as others.
Vocabulary Idioms with “sleep
and dream”
Complete the sentences with either sleep or dream(s)
1 It’s a difficult decision. Let me sleep on it and I’ll let you know tomorrow.
2 It isn’t such a big problem – certainly nothing to lose sleep over.
3 I can’t believe I’m getting the chance to study in Italy! That’s beyond my
wildest dreams.
4 You really think I’d do that?! I’d never dream of doing something so mean.
He’s my brother.
5 I’d love to be a teacher. It’s my  dream job.
6 I can’t believe I’ve been signed by Liverpool. It’s a dream come true.
7 We’ve got an early start in the morning and you need to get your beauty 
sleep.
8 Do you imagine I’d buy you a sports car? In your dreams!
 Unit 3
Grammar: Mixed Conditionals
USES:
1.- To connect an imaginary past situation or action with a present result.
Formula: If + Had + Past Participle , would + Infinitive
Example: 1 If somebody had picked up the phone that afternoon,  I would not get this wonderful job.
2.- To connect a hypothetical present situation with a past result
Formula: If + Past simple , would have + past participle
Example:  If the dog didn’t run away all the time, I wouldn’t have been out in that storm.
 Unit 3
Grammar: Mixed Conditionals

1 Rewrite the sentences using mixed conditionals.

0. I didn’t work in films – I don’t know any actors. If I had worked in films, I’d know some actors.
1. Sam is living in Monaco. He won the lottery. ____________________________________
2. 2. I’m afraid of flying. I’m not a pilot. ____________________________________
3. Abby didn’t apply for the prize. She isn’t on the shortlist. ____________________________________
4. Al speaks French. He used to live in France. ____________________________________
5. I didn’t have many friends at school. I’m shy. ____________________________________
 Unit 3
Grammar: Mixed Conditionals
Answer Key
1. Sam wouldn’t be living in Monaco if he hadn’t won the lottery.
2. 2. If I wasn’t afraid of flying, I’d be a pilot.
3. 3. If Abby had applied for the prize, she’d be / might be on the shortlist.
4. 4. Al wouldn’t speak French if he hadn’t lived in France.
5. 5. If I hadn’t been so shy I would have had more friends at school.