Scribd
Upload
31 views

Curve Representation 2. Parametric Curves 3. Non Parametric Curves 4. Cubic Splines 5. Bezier Curves 6. B-Spline Curves

This document discusses different types of curve representations including parametric curves, non-parametric curves, cubic splines, Bezier curves, and B-spline curves. Parametric curves define points on a curve using a parameter value and two coordinate functions. Cubic splines are piecewise polynomials that can model arbitrary functions and are used in computer graphics. Bezier curves are generated under the control of other points and their control polygon, while B-spline curves extend the flexibility of Bezier curves by using non-global basis functions.

Uploaded by

Sam Sepiol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Curve Representation 2. Parametric Curves 3. Non Parametric Curves 4. Cubic Splines 5. Bezier Curves 6. B-Spline Curves

This document discusses different types of curve representations including parametric curves, non-parametric curves, cubic splines, Bezier curves, and B-spline curves. Parametric curves define points on a curve using a parameter value and two coordinate functions. Cubic splines are piecewise polynomials that can model arbitrary functions and are used in computer graphics. Bezier curves are generated under the control of other points and their control polygon, while B-spline curves extend the flexibility of Bezier curves by using non-global basis functions.

Uploaded by

Sam Sepiol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

TOPICS

1. Curve Representation

2. Parametric Curves

3. Non Parametric Curves

4. Cubic Splines

5. Bezier Curves

6. B-Spline Curves
Curve Representation:
A curve is an infinitely large set of points. Each point has two neighbors except endpoints.
Curves are represented mainly in two ways − Explicit and Implicit.

Implicit Curves:
Implicit curve representations define the set of points on a curve by employing a
procedure that can test to see if a point in on the curve. Usually, an implicit curve is
defined by an implicit function of the form −
F x,y�,� = 0
It can represent multi valued curves multiply values for an x value�. A common example
is the circle, whose implicit representation is
x2 + y2 - R2 = 0

Explicit Curves:
A mathematical function y = fx� can be plotted as a curve. Such a function is the
explicit representation of the curve. The explicit representation is not general, since it
cannot represent vertical lines and is also single-valued. For each value of x, only a single
value of y is normally computed by the function.
Parametric Curves:
Curves having parametric form are called parametric curves. The explicit and implicit
curve representations can be used only when the function is known. In practice the
parametric curves are used. A two-dimensional parametric curve has the following form –
P t� = f t�, g t� or P t� = x t�, y t�
The functions f and g become the x , y�,� coordinates of any point on the curve, and
the points are obtained when the parameter t is varied over a certain interval [a, b],
normally [0, 1].

Non – Parametric Curves:


For a nonparametric curve, the coordinates y and z of a point on the curve are expressed
as two separate functions of the third coordinate x as the independent variable.

P=[x , y , z]^t = [x , f(x) g(x)]^t --- Non Parametric explicit form

F(x , y , z)= 0
G(x , y , z) = 0 --- Non Parametric implicit form
Cubic Splines:

Spline is a piecewise polynomial function that can have a locally very simple form, yet at
the same time be globally flexible and smooth. It is very useful for modeling arbitary
functions, and are used extensively in computer graphics.

Cubic spline is a very popular piecewise technique. It is suitable when one has control of
the grid locations and the values of the data being interpolated. So if we have this control ,
as we saw above , We can control the relative accuracy bt changing the overall spacing
between the grid points.

Cubic spilnes are the lowest order polynomial endowed with inflection points.

The Equation of single cubic spline segment is given by

Where u1 and u2 are the starting and ending parameter values of a segment and P(u) is a
position vector of any point an the cubic spline segment. Where p(u) = [x(u) y(u) z(u)], a
vector valued function.
Bezier Curves:
Bezier curve is discovered by the French engineer Pierre Bézier. These curves can be
generated under the control of other points. Approximate tangents by using control points
are used to generate curve. The Bezier curve can be represented mathematically as −

Where pi�is the set of points and Bni(t)  represents the Bernstein polynomials which are
given by −
Where n is the polynomial degree, i is the index, and t is the variable.
The simplest Bezier curve is the straight line from the point P0� to P1�. A quadratic
Bezier curve is determined by three control points. A cubic Bezier curve is determined by
four control points.
Properties of Bezier Curves:

They generally follow the shape of the control polygon, which


consists of the segments joining the control points.
They always pass through the first and last control points.
They are contained in the convex hull of their defining control
points.
A Bezier curve generally follows the shape of the defining
polygon.
They are invariant under an affine transformation.
B-Spline Curves:

The Bezier-curve produced by the Bernstein basis function has limited flexibility.
First, the number of specified polygon vertices fixes the order of the resulting polynomial
which defines the curve.
The second limiting characteristic is that the value of the blending function is nonzero for
all parameter values over the entire curve.
The B-spline basis contains the Bernstein basis as the special case. The B-spline basis is
non-global.
A B-spline curve is defined as a linear combination of control points Pi and B-spline basis
function
Properties of B-spline Curve:

 The sum of the B-spline basis functions for any parameter value
is 1.
 Each basis function is positive or zero for all parameter values.
 Each basis function has precisely one maximum value, except
for k=1.
 The maximum order of the curve is equal to the number of
vertices of defining polygon.
 The degree of B-spline polynomial is independent on the number
of vertices of defining polygon.

You might also like