INTRODUCTION TO

INTERNET
Chapter 10
Internet:
◦ It is an inter-
connection of large
and small
networks around
the globe.
 Applications of Internet:
◦ Exchanges of messages using email (Electronic mail)
◦ Transfer of files as well as software
◦ Search on any topic on web (Browsing)
◦ Communication with other networks
◦ Search details of Government, individuals and organizations
◦ Read news available from leading newsgroups
◦ Send or receive animation and picture files from distant places
◦ Reading different study materials Shopping
◦ Creation of website that provides details about your company’s products and services.
How to get connected?
◦ To get connected to Internet you need internet connection and a service provider known as Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
◦ There are many ways to get connected to the Internet.
◦ They are as follows:
◦ Dial-up Connection
◦ Leased Lines
◦ Broadband
◦ Wi-Fi
How to get connected?
◦ Dial-up Connection: In dial-up connection, user gets a number
for connection. It is useful for single PC or for small group of
computers.
◦ Leased Lines: It is a dedicated network. It provides high speed
network.
◦ Broadband: It provides a high bandwidth internet connection.
It is useful for large group of computers.
◦ Wi-Fi: The computer system should have Wi-Fi card to get this
connection.
How to set up Internet?
◦ Connect to Modem
◦ Connect Router to the Internet
◦ Test Internet Connection
◦ Set up Modem and Network
Types of Internet connection:
◦ Dial-up
◦ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
◦ Leased line connection (Direct Internet Access)
◦ DSL (Digital Subscriber Line or Dedicated Service Line) /broadband
Dial-up Connection:
◦ This is the most basic type of connection available from ISPs.
◦ In Dial-up connection, you have to dial a phone number.
◦ It provides low speed of internet connection.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network):
◦ ISDN is a telecommunication technology that enables the transmission of digital data over standard
phone lines.
◦ It provides high speed of internet connection.
Leased Line Connection / Direct
Internet Access:
◦ It is an internet connection that is totally dedicated to a specific location or
business.
◦ It is fully dedicated bandwidth that is not shared and the speed does not
vary.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line or Dedicated Service
Line)/ Broadband Connection:
◦ DSL transmits digital data over telephone lines.
◦ It is the most commonly used technology.
◦ The difference between DSL and dialup / ISDN is that a DSL Internet connection uses a highspeed
dedicated circuit filtering out standard phone calls and Internet signals.
How Internet Works?
◦ When data is transferred over the Internet, it is broken into a lot of same-sized pieces called
‘packets’.
◦ A header is added to each packet that provides information where the data came from.
◦ Each packet is sent from one source computer to other destination computer.
◦ All the time packets may not take the same route to transfer data.
◦ At the destination, the packets are examined.
◦ If any packet missing or damaged, a message is sent to sender to resend the packet.
How Internet Works?
◦ Then the packets are reassembled into their original form.
◦ Each computer connected to the Internet has software called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol), which is responsible for receiving, sending and checking packets. TCP/
IP are the ‘glue’ of the Internet.
World Wide Web:
◦ It is commonly referred as WWW or W3.
◦ It is an interconnected system consists of electronic
documents known as Web Page.
◦ The Web is not same as the Internet. It is one of the
applications built on top of the Internet.
Web Server:
◦ A Web Server is a computer that stores webpages.
◦ Web server is responsible to accept request(s) from the
users and serves the response.
◦ Examples of Web server IIS (Internet Information Server)
and Apache.
Hyperlink:
◦ A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump
to a new document or t o new section within the current document.
◦ Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click
their way from page to page.
◦ Hyperlinks usually appear as underlined text and in a different
colour, but they may also appear as graphics, buttons etc.
◦ Hyperlinks may be used to link another place in the same page, or in
different page. To play an audio or video file, to download a file, to set
up a message to an email address and to link to other Internet
resources hyperlink can be used.
HTML (Hypertext Mark-up
Language):
◦ It is a language that consists of certain key words called ‘Tags’,
used for writing the documents on the web.
Web Page:
◦ A web page is an electronic
document written in HTML
(Hypertext Mark-up Language).
◦ Web pages can contain text,
graphics, video, animation, sound.
◦ Web page can contain interactive
feature like data entry forms.
◦ Each page has a unique address
known as URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) that identifies its location
on the server.
Website:
◦ A website (often shortened as site) is one or more web pages.
◦ Ex: It may belong to a particular company, institute, Govt. organization or an individual.
◦ The first page is called the Home page, which acts like an index, indicating the content on site.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
◦ Every page on the web has a unique address, known as uniform resource locator.
◦ A URL indicates where the web page is stored on the Internet.