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Lesson 6 Rocks 1

The document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below ground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. The document provides details on the formation, classification, and examples of each rock type.

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Akita Banate
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Lesson 6 Rocks 1

The document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below ground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical changes. The document provides details on the formation, classification, and examples of each rock type.

Uploaded by

Akita Banate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROCKS

Earth and Life Science


Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the three types of rocks;
2. classify rocks as to igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks; and
3. appreciate the importance of rocks in our daily life.
01 02
● Earth is a solid rock to a depth
of 2,900 kilometers, where
mantle meets the liquid outer
core.
● A rock is a naturally occurring
solid aggregate of one or more
minerals. The aggregate
minerals forming the rocks are
held together by chemical bonds.
● Grains can be different in color,
texture, and sizes.
● Petrology is the scientific
study of rocks. Petrologists
classify rocks based on how
they were formed.
● Geologists then group rocks
into three categories based
on how the rocks form:
igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rock.
THREE
TYPES OF
ROCKS
Igneous Rock
Igneous - formed from hardening
and crystallization of magma 01
or molten material that
originates deep within the earth.
TWO TYPES OF
IGNEOUS ROCK

Extrusive/Volcanic rock – Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools


forms when magma slowly beneath the Earth
makes its way to Earth’s surface and are created by
surface as lava and then magma. The intrusive
cools. The crystals are igneous rocks have very

01 very small (fine grained)


since the cooling process 02 large crystals (coarse
grained).
is fast.
Igneous rocks are classified based on

1. Composition
FELSIC - light in color; feldspar and silicates
MAFIC - dark in color; made up of
magnesium and iron
INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and
felsic
ULTRAMAFIC - very dark color
Igneous rocks are classified based on
2. Texture- overall appearance of rock
Aphanistic - fine grained
Phaneritic- coarse grained
Porphyritic- large crystals with small crystals
Glassy- non-ordered solid from rapid
quenching
Pyroclastic- composite of ejected fragments
Examples: Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite,
gabbro
Metamorphic
Rock
Metamorphic - forms from pre-
existing rocks: either
metamorphic, igneous, 02
sedimentary.

Examples: Quartzite,
marble, slate, phyllite
Metamorphic rocks are classified
based on
Texture - refers to the size arrangement and grains
within the rock.
Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral
grains or structural features within the rock.
Foliated - appeared banded or layered, contains
crystals Example: mica
Non-foliated - made up of only few minerals
gabbro
Metamorphism - transformation of one
rock type into another.

2 types of metamorphism
Regional - due to changes in pressure and
temperature over large region of the crust
Contact - mainly by heat due to contact
with magma
Sedimentary
Rock
Sedimentary rocks - provide
information about surface
conditions that existed in
03
the Earth’s past.
Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other
fragments of materials called sediments,
accumulate in layers and over long period of
time harden into rocks.

Compaction - due to increase of pressure of


layered sediments it bind together to form
the sedimentary rocks.
THREE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Chemical - formed when


dissolved minerals precipitate
from a solution.

Example: Halite - formed when


a body of seawater becomes
closed off and evaporates.
01
THREE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Organic - rocks formed from


the accumulation of animal
debris

Example: Coal - composed of


organic matter in the form of
plants fragments.
02
THREE TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

Clastic Sedimentary rock


- formed from
accumulation of clasts:
little pieces of broken
rocks and shells.
Examples: conglomerate,
03 breccia, sandstone, shale
Identify and classify the types of rocks below as to
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.

Sedimentary Sedimentary

Metamorphic Sedimentary

Igneous
Fill in the table below by providing basic information
about the types of rocks. You may refer to the words in
the box below.

Intrusive Clastic Contact,


extrusive Regional, Metamorphism
Non- Clastic
Obsidian, granite Breccia, Limestone
Basalt, pumice conglomerate sandstone
Crystallization Compaction, Metamorphism
cooling Lithification, cementation
Which of the following is true about
rocks?
A. Rocks are composed of only one
mineral.
B. Most rocks are a mixture of 01
minerals.
C. Rocks do not contain minerals.
D. Coal is not considered a rock.

B. Most rocks are a mixture of


minerals.
Petrologist classifies rocks based on how they
were formed. What is the branch that deals
with the study of rocks?

A. Biology
B. Geology
C. Paleontology
02
D. Petrology

D. Petrology
Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and
intrusive Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma
makes its way to its surface as lava and the cools forming
rocks. Which of the following will be the characteristics of
the crystals?

03
A. Crystals are coarse grained.
B. Crystals are fine grained.
C. Crystals are very large.
D. Crystals are phaneritic

B. Crystals are fine


grained.
What type of rocks are formed from
sediments over long period of time?

A. Igneous Rocks
B. Metamorphic Rocks
C. Sedimentary Rocks
04
D. Minerals

C. Sedimentary rocks
A rock that forms when magma hardens
beneath Earth’s surface is called an:

A. Intrusive metamorphic
rock
B. Extrusive sedimentary
05
rock
C. Intrusive igneous rock
D. Extrusive igneous rock
C. Intrusive Igneous
PERFORMANCE TASK
Fill in the Venn Diagram to determine the
similarities and differences of the three types of
rocks.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
See you next meeting.

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