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Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning draws a general conclusion from specific observations, while the conclusion may be true or false. Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and logically concludes a specific outcome. The document provides examples of inductive reasoning, which make conjectures based on limited observations, and deductive reasoning, which applies general rules to reach logical conclusions.

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pamela gonzalvo
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34 views12 pages

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning draws a general conclusion from specific observations, while the conclusion may be true or false. Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and logically concludes a specific outcome. The document provides examples of inductive reasoning, which make conjectures based on limited observations, and deductive reasoning, which applies general rules to reach logical conclusions.

Uploaded by

pamela gonzalvo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inductive and

Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
- is drawing a general conclusion from a repeated
observations or limited sets of observations of specific
examples.

- The conclusion formed by using inductive reasoning is


often called a conjecture. The conjecture may be true or false
depending on the truthfulness of the argument.
Examples 1: 1 is an odd number.
11 is an odd number.
21 is an odd number.
Therefore, numbers ending in 1 are odd
numbers.

Examples 2: Essay test is difficult.


Problem solving test is
difficult.
Therefore, All test are difficult.
Examples 3: Mark is a Science teacher.
Mark is bald.

Therefore, All Science teachers are bald.


Try this:
1. The lights in my friend’s house are out.
The curtains are drawn.
No one is answering the phone.
Therefore,_________________________
2. House prices are very high here.
Gas prices are very high here.
Food prices are very high here.
therefore, ____________________
3. Ginger is an orange cat and she purrs loudly.
Therefore,_________________________

4. Mr. Villaflor is handsome. He is my English teacher.


Therefore, ____________________________
Deductive Reasoning

It is a basic form of valid reasoning starts out with a


general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the
possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.
The concept of deductive reasoning is often expressed visually using
a funnel that narrows a general idea into a specific conclusion.
First Premise: All positive counting numbers whose unit
digit is divisible by two are even numbers.

Second Premise: A positive counting number 1,236 has a


unit digit of 6 which is divisible by two.

Conclusion: Therefore, 1,236 is an even number.


First Premise: If the Department of Education strictly
observed health conditions of the students due to Covid 19,
then there is no face-to-face teaching and learning activity in a
classroom.

Second Premise: The Philippines is currently experiencing


Covid 19 pandemic.

Conclusion: Therefore, there will be no face-to-face teaching


and learning style in a classroom during Covid 19 Pandemic
in the Philippines.
Examples 4: All birds have feathers.
Ducks are birds.
Therefore, Ducks have feathers.
Examples 5: Christopher is sick.
If Christopher is sick, he won’t be
able to go to work.
Therefore, Christopher wont be able to go to work.

Examples 6: All Science teachers are bald.


Mark is a Science teacher.
Therefore, Mark is bald.
Try this:
1. All members of the club can use the club’s pool.
Deanna is a member of the club.
2. All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by
5. The number 35 ends with a 5.
3. All birds have feathers. All robins are birds.
4. Red meat has iron in it, and beef is a red
meat.

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