APPROVAL

The study titled “ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATION AND CONNECTIVITY FOR

EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING AND DESIGN OF EXHIBITION
AND CONVENTION CENTRE” is hereby approved as an original work of
DEEPANSHI TIWARI, enrolment no. 18FAP2AR004 on the approved subject
carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to fulfil its acceptance as per
the standard laid down by the university. This report has been submitted in the
partial fulfilment for the award of a Bachelor in Architecture degree from the
Centre for Design Excellence, V.G.U, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

It is to be understood that the undersigned work does not necessarily endorse or

approve any statement made, any opinion expressed or conclusion drawn
therein, but approves the study for the purpose it has been submitted.

Submitted on:
 
 
 
(EXTERNAL EXAMINER)
 
 
 
 
 
AR. BINEET CHHAJER AR. ASHIMA ARORA
(GUIDE) (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)

I
2 Page
 DECLARATION

I, DEEPANSHI TIWARI, hereby solemnly declare that the research work

undertaken by me, titled “ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATION AND CONNECTIVITY
FOR EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING AND DESIGN OF EXHIBITION
AND CONVENTION CENTRE” is my original work & wherever I have
incorporated any information in the form of text, data, pictures, drawings, graphs,
tables, etc. from different sources, has been acknowledged in my report.

This dissertation has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted
to me by the “Department of Architecture, Center for Design Excellence,
VGU”.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DEEPANSHI TIWARI
5TH Year, B.Arch.

Center for Design Excellence,

Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur

I
2 Page
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Dissertation is a result of support, blessing & motivation of many people

around me to whom I can acknowledge. I am grateful to god for giving me this
opportunity to extend my deepest gratitude to all of those who have helped me
through this entire journey & in completing this study.
 
First of all, I would also like to express my profound respect & deep sense of
gratitude to my guide Ar. Bineet Chhajer for having confidence in me through his
motivational & inspirational words and providing me with the invaluable
comments & criticism in many issues. I will always be thankful to him for a
constant rendering, timely advice & sparing valuable time throughout the
completion of my dissertation work.
 
Special thanks to all the respondents who devoted their time & were a part of
this dissertation project in any way. It would not have been completed without
their support. The information provided by them was important in making the
study successful.
 
And last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who have been involved
directly & indirectly in the preparation of my Bachelors of Design.
 
 
 
 
 
 

DEEPANSHI TIWARI
V Year, B.Arch
Center for Design Excellence,
Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur.

I
2 Page
 ABSTRACT

This study firstly aims to identify facility features

of the convention centers and then propose a
method in order to identify users’ priorities and
evaluate what extent these were provided by the
convention centre. Data has been collected using
selfadministered questionnaires from three group
of users; attendees, employees and meeting
planners. The study has been conducted in
İstanbul Lütfi Kırdar Convention and Exhibition
Center as a case, because of being the most
remarkable convention center of Turkey. Each
participant will be required to assess this
convention center in terms of their priorities of
expectations and features provided. The results
have been evaluated statistically, and significant
differences between the level of importance and
performance of the facility features have been
presented. This research is expected to be useful
for constitution of design criteria of convention
centers and effective management of the facilities,
in terms of both identifying the features of
convention centers and providing a method
evaluating the performance of the facilities from
the users’ perspective.

Keywords: convention center, convention tourism,

facility management, importance-performance
analysis

I
2 Page
 ABSTRACT

The research paper analyses techniques and ways of circulation and

connectivity in designing exhibition and convention centers. The paper revolves
around the meaning and requirement of circulation. This study aims to
understand how circulation is helpful in efficient functioning of a space. The
centers should have space, freedom and flexibility to create an exhibition and
gathering environment. Proper considerations should be given to the movement
of people and also to the moving pattern. Proper attention must be provided in
designing entry and exit routes. The basic nature of the study is literature study.
This study further includes primary and and case studies of existing convention
and exhibition centers.

Keywords: convention, exhibition, circulation, connectivity, planning, user

experience, efficient functioning.

I
2 Page
 CONTENTS

Approval………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….i
Declaration ……………….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………………..…...…iii
Abstract………………..…………………………………………………………………………………….……..…..…...iv
List of figures………….………………………………………………………………………………………..……...….vii
List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….viii
List of images………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….viii

I
2 Page
 I
2 Page
Chapter 1: Introduction

I
1 Page
1.1 Background of the study

1.1.1 Introduction

Exhibition Centre: An exhibition centre is a large space, that is designed to allow exhibitors
to exhibit and promote ideas, technology, products etc. and at the same time allowing their
audience to interact with them.

Convention Centre: A convention centre is basically a civic building or a group of buildings

with auditoriums, seminar halls, conference halls, exhibition space, administration area etc.
for gathering, meetings, industrial shows, conferences at a same place and at a particular
time, where group of diverse profession and industries gather to present or discuss on some
common topic of interest.

1.1.2 Need of the study

These facilities ought to have enough room, leeway, and flexibility to set up an exhibition
and gathering area. The way that people walk and the pattern of movement should both be
taken into consideration. Entry and exit routes must be designed with the appropriate care.

The single floor organization provides easy access among the rooms and between the
conference areas and other functional elements. Vertical stacking of auditorium and/or main
halls is more economical in the use of land, and enables space below tiered floors to be
more efficiently used.

Connecting right spaces to each other is very important for easy accessibility. Thus,
circulation and connectivity between spaces plays a very important role for a successful
design.

I
2 Page
1.2 Criteria of selection

Convention Centre: A convention centre is basically a civic building or a group of buildings

with auditoriums, seminar halls, conference halls, exhibition space, administration area etc.
for gathering, meetings, industrial shows, conferences at a same place and at a particular
time, where group of diverse profession and industries gather to present or discuss on some
common topic of interest.

1.3 Hypothesis

“Well defined circulation and connectivity can be a basis for the efficient functioning and
design of exhibition and convention center.”

1.4 Aim

To study and compare different exhibition and convention centres that exists and suggest
the suitable circulation and connectivity pattern.

1.5 Objectives

• To study about current exhibition and convention centre design methodology.

• To study space management.

• To study good circulation techniques for good user experience.

• To study connection and connectivity between spaces.

• To find out some relevant solution in terms of circulation and connectivity for exhibition
and convention centre projects.

I
3 Page
1.6 Scope and Limitations

• Study of circulation in all different individual areas.

• Study of landscape in circulation pattern.

• Study of different types of signage methods.

• Study of types of circulation patterns.

• Study of connectivity in exhibition and convention centres

1.7 Methodology

I
4 Page
Chapter 2: Literature Study

I
5 Page
2.1 CONVENTION CENTRE

2.1.1 Introduction

The Conference Center is a hotel space specifically designed to provide the most

conducive environment for effective meetings, congresses and exhibitions. The center
is a comfortable and fully equipped space with professional staff trained to provide a high
level of service to meeting planners and meeting participants. In these centers, every
aspect of meeting room design, meeting support services, food and
beverage programs, and recreational facilities contribute to meeting meeting goals.

2.1.2 Concept of Convention Center

In the current climate prevailing all over the world, rapid progress is being made in all

areas of life. In addition, the human appetite for knowledge and the urgency to
solve humanity's growing problems through mutual consultation and forum have broken the
shackles of virtual borders between nations. In the modern world, the exchange
of knowledge between individuals, groups or countries is conducted in a more
organized way.
To ensure this exchange of information, thoughts and knowledge, several national and
international forums have been created to make these exchanges more organized
and structured. These forums play an important role in bringing countries together to resolve
disputes and develop cooperation in trade, science, technology, culture and more.

2.1.3 Aims of Convention Center

The convention has evolved out of a need for platform for such interactions to be carried
out. A convention involves a large congregation of people sharing some common ideology a
need.
The total atmosphere and the stimulation generated by a convention center play a major
role in the success of a meeting or conference.

I
6 Page
2.1.4 Objective of a Convention Center

• To promote a platform for interaction for interaction between various section of society.
This would lead to better understanding of each other’s trade and spread awareness
among the people that is the need of the hour.
• To provide a conducive atmosphere and physical environment for discussions, lectures,
etc. This would help in efficient exchange of useful data and information.
• Exhibition halls help in extending interest, awareness and are good means of revenue
generation.
The main objective of designing a convention center is to help organizations hire on
temporary basis a few common facilities like auditoriums, seminar halls, lecture rooms, etc.,
simultaneously in the same premise.

2.1.5 Classification of Convention Centre

1. Executive convention centre: It focuses on corporate meetings, including training and

management development. There are many such centers. Meeting rooms, multiple
dining rooms, large no. A break room and a decent rest area.
2. Resort convention centre: Slightly less meeting space than the Executive due
to more rooms, restaurants and seating areas.
3. Corporate conference and training centre: They are the largest of
several categories. More conference rooms are available to meet specific study needs.
4. University convention centre : It meets three different requirements. The most
luxurious is the professional training program for business school leaders. Others are
for campus attendees and educational conferences or growing continuing
education programs.
5. Not for profit centre : It may be owned by religious or
educational institutions, associations and foundations, research centers, or private
humanitarian and artistic organizations.

I
7 Page
2.1.4 The Types and Classifications of Meetings in the Scope of
Convention

When studying literature, one gets the impression that the words "meeting", "convention",

"meeting", "seminar" and "meeting" are usually used instead of each other. Although
not synonymous and with slight differences in terminological meaning, these
concepts serve the same purpose.

• Conference: These are less formally organized and occasional conferences held in the

fields of technology, science and commerce. It is presented by experts and encourages
joint participation by participants. The number of participants varies from 30 to over 150.

• Workshop: Small group meetings are held in large organizations to discuss

specific issues or case studies.

• Seminar: A small group meeting (usually fewer than 30 people) held to

research a topic or gain information and experience directly from an expert.

• Symposium: This is a conference where experts with various ideas present discussions

and statements on specific topics.

• Colloquium: An educational conference where scientists make statements and answer

questions related to scientific topics.

• Convention: An extraordinary meeting usually held to pass laws or reach agreement on

a matter. It's more formal than a meeting. Convention also means an annual
or general membership meeting.

• Congress: Parliament is an assembly that facilitates the formal exchange of information

and opinions on professional matters. Held primarily for problem-solving purposes, it
is held annually or regularly and has a high attendance rate.

I
8 Page
According to Purpose:

Meetings are divided into 4 groups according to their purposes:

a) National and international meetings: Purpose is information exchange
b) Seminars and courses: Purpose is licence and master education
c) Product introduction meetings: Purpose is to promote new products and to instruct
sales& marketing techniques to the salesmen.
d) Award and incentive meetings: Purpose is encouragement of sales activities.

According to Number of Delegate:

Meetings are divided into 3 groups according to number of attendee.

e) Up to 50 delegates: seminars, colloquiums, workshops, panels, commission meetings,
round table meetings, supervisory committees
f) 50 to 300 delegates: General committees, conferences, symposiums
g) Over 300 delegates: Congresses, conventions, general committees

I
9 Page
2.2 PLANNING PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTION CENTRE

2.2.1 Planning the Lobby and The Reception Spaces

The entrance to the lobby should be well defined for easy guidance for the attendees. The
lobby makes the single greatest impact on the guest. It projects an ambiance of
performance and stability; often attempts to build the character of the centre and sometimes
establishes a feeling of informality.

• The lobby serves as:

1) Central assembly point
2) The circulation heart
3) May house the restaurant or auditorium foyer

It is frequently the nucleus, with conference area on one side, the guestrooms to other and
the lounges and restaurants to the third.

• Lobby area should have ample sitting area.

• The lobby should serve more as transition space than as reception area.
• The design and layout of the front desk seating areas and other support functions need to
reinforce and focus on daily routine of the conference programs.
• The lobby area should incorporate much type of finishes and it should establish
exceptional level of finish quality that the guest will encounter during the visit.
• Several doors for entry and exit should be provided in close proximity.

2.2.2 Lounges

Lounges are important for enhancing the leisure aspects of a meeting program and
encouraging informal discussion among the participants.
Mostly in executive and resort type convention centre, two beverage areas are being
provided: a centrally located lobby lounge and a bar adjoining or connected to the game
room. The environment here should be less rigid as compared to conference halls.

I
10 P a g e
2.2.3 Designing of Conference and Training Rooms

Types of training and conference rooms:

Large conference rooms:

• Used for presentation with little audience in evolvement
• Set up in classroom style, in straight rows facing the speaker.
• Due to larger depth of the room stage is usually provided for the speaker
• Rear projection facility is required

Medium conference rooms:

• Used in highly interactive training
• Room arrangement may be theatre, classroom, hollow square, U-shaped, or small group
configuration.

Break out rooms:

Breaks out rooms are small conference rooms with capacity of 8 to 20 people with limited
features. These smaller conference rooms become more and more in demand as
conferences break into small problem solving or case study sections during the day

Board rooms:
The board room is a special, upgraded conference room with a fixed table, executive chairs,
high level finishes, front or rear screen projection, and a private lounge or anteroom. The
conference centre board room is located at the most remote end of the meeting core, to
ensure a minimum of interruption and distraction.

Amphitheater:
It is a tiered room incorporation built-in workstation surfaces, which are often curved to focus
seating on the speaker or horse shoe shaped to allow better eye contact among the
attendees

I
11 P a g e
Auditorium:
Convention centres frequently include a large auditorium for major presentations and
community use. Due to this public use the auditorium is usually located near the main
entrance of the convention centre lobby, rather than the main conference core. a few of
these auditoriums are equipped and finished with permanent work areas; most of these
however are typical theatres with a sloped floor, a stage and projection capabilities.

2.2.4 Convention Centre Lighting:

Meeting planners cite lighting as the single most important element in the selection of
conference and training space.
Convention centre will combine incandescent down lights (with dimming capabilities)and
fluorescent lamps, providing a wide range of lighting flexibility. The fluorescent provides
general room illumination, either directly or by indirect system reflected off the ceiling.

Design team should deal following lighting requirement:

• Wall washers highlighting room perimeter.
• Accent lighting on the speaker, wall displays etc.
• Task lighting arrangement for lighting writing surfaces etc.
• Control of unwanted light from the corridor and projection booth.

I
12 P a g e
2.3 EXHIBITION CENTRE

2.3.1 Introduction

The Exhibition Spaces are intended as a combination of indoor and open-air exhibition
space in order to create a strong relation between covered and green open spaces through
thematic content. The goal is to create an integrated expositive landscape and a Visitor
Experience that immediately establishes a positive relationship between humankind and
nature, creating a bridge between the content of the Event and the nature of exhibition
spaces.

• The exhibition hall provides optimal conditions for

1) trade fairs
2) exhibits
3) conventions
4) events and galas

• An exhibition can be
1) Open-air exhibition space
2) Covered exhibition space

2.3.2 OPEN-AIR EXHIBITION SPACE

The landscape design shall be developed in keeping with the Theme and with the
Participant’s approach to it. Like architecture, the landscape shall also help to tell intriguing
stories about the pleasures of the table, delightful scents or strange and curious stories
related to food cultivation and processing. The landscape has to document the most
advanced research in the field of food production and the transformation of agricultural
products. Countries will showcase their capabilities in food production, the biodiversity of
their products, and their agricultural and food supply chains.

I
13 P a g e
Open spaces:
A minimum of 30% of each lot must be dedicated to open areas and greenery. Excluding lot
setbacks the Open-air Exhibition Space represents around 50% of each lot, where it is
possible to build:

• Structures used for plants ensuring soil permeability (e.g. trellises,

pergolas, garden structures, planters).
• Landscaping structure (e.g. structures used to retain soil or other materials,
pools, exhibition structures, art works).

2.3.3 COVERED EXHIBITION SPACE

Covered Exhibition Spaces are buildings or enclosed structures containing exhibition areas
or other spaces, including all overhanging upper floors or balconies. Participants may decide
to build more than one level within the Covered part of the Exhibition Space, based on their
individual needs.

Height of Buildings:
• The height of the Covered part of Exhibition Space (or Building Height) must be less than
12 meters.
• The height limit for any additional architectural elements (such as skylights, roof elements,
vertical connections to the roof, sunscreens, signals, etc.) is 17 meters.

Building Setbacks
• The setback from the main boulevard must be no less than 10 meters, in order to create a
small square.
• The setback from the main boulevard must be no less than 10 meters, in order to create a
small square.
• The distance between buildings and the side street shall be no less than 2 meters; there
shall be no building concession directly to squares, greens, streets or public spaces,
without the 2 meters’ setback.
• The setback from the neighboring lot shall be no less than 3 meters.The distance
between buildings shall comply with fire control requirements.

I
14 P a g e
Indoor exhibition and Flow management:
The indoor exhibition space design has to offer to visitors a full immersion in the Theme on
the human scale with content presented at every moment of the visit. The visitor should be
guided on a discovery of the exhibition content using the most innovative technology. The
challenge lies in getting beyond the outdated paradigm of queues and visitor flows to create
an efficient, dynamic and fluid experience.

Entrance/Exit - Queue Management:

In order to enhance visitor ease and reduce queuing, the Organizer will set up a virtual
queuing system to improve Level of Service (LOS) by reducing waiting time and optimizing
the waiting areas of other uses.
Building entrances and exits shall be designed taking into account the surrounding
conditions and landscaping requirements.
• Exhibition spaces may have multiple entrances/exits on different sides of the lot. They
must provide differentiated access for visitors, including disabled, special reserved
visitors, reserved groups, workers and finally supplies/waste.
• If a main entrance for the Exhibition Space is planned, it cannot give onto the
Decumanus. This side of the lot may only have exits. The queuing area must not occupy
or overflow onto the Decumanus.
Goods entrance and waste removal are planned during the event closing hours and could
be done by using all pedestrian access except the Decumanus area.

2.3.4 General guidelines for planning all sorts of exhibitions can be

summed up as:

• Exhibition hall should be close to meeting halls and catering units.

• Entrance of visitors should be separate from service entrance
• Height of the ceiling, width of the doors, illumination, waste/clean water system, electricity
and telephone line, air conditioning, capacity of goods lift and all other special equipments
should have taken into account during planning phase.

I
15 P a g e
2.3.5 Different layouts for exhibition spaces

The layout of public areas in an exhibition space, may be based on a simple concept of free
circulation around a single open-plan exhibition space, or on more complex concepts related
to generic interpretive structures. It is important to consider the nature of the narratives
appropriate to the museum's objects of interest. The storyline of an exhibition may be
translated into:
• A linear arrangement of spaces with beginning. middle and end,
• A loop where the essentially linear storyline leads naturally back to the beginning,
• An arrangement of core and satellites where each theme or detailed treatment of a
subject leads back to a central introductory or orientational area,
• A more complex scheme combining linear, loop and core satellite arrangement of spaces
which is specifically structured to account for more or less stable relationships between
collections and interpretive themes,
• A labyrinthine arrangement where the relationships between areas can be varied from
exhibition to exhibition by managing the public circulation.

Genetic plans for exhibit and open-access storage areas:

(a) Open plan; (b) Core/satellites; (c) Linear procession;
(d) Loop; (e) Complex; (f) Labyrinth
I
15 P a g e
• Visitors should be correctly oriented inside the exhibition area.
• Viewers should be able to move through the exhibit without being forced to
walk past objects they have already seen.
• Adequate space should be provided for visitors to move at different speeds.
The circulation space should also allow the visitor to take a quick look at the
exhibits so that they can decide which ones to examine in detail.
• A viewer tends to turn clockwise upon entering the exhibit area. Circulation
pattern should be designed with this in mind.

I
9 Page
Chapter 3: VISITOR BEHAVIOR AND
EXPERIENCE IN THE EXHIBITION AND
CONVENTION CENTRE CONTEXT

I
5 Page
3.1 CIRCULATION IN RELATION TO OEIENTATION AND
WAYFINDING

Orientation is a major architectural type of communication with the environment, defined as

a matter "related to a person's ability to perceive the outline of a given environment
and to recognize where he or she is at a given time." Lack of orientation information causes
people to become disoriented, unable to locate themselves in the environment and unable
to devise or develop plans to reach their destination. Disorientation increases as the size
and complexity of the environment increases.

As a result, when people are disoriented, that is, when they lose their knowledge of where
they are and how to get to where they want to go, they experience stress,
frustration, and exhaustion, both mentally and physically. Getting lost is another cost of
disorientation that encourages incompetence.

Navigation is referred to in relation to orientation. He describes it this way. “Navigation is an

action. Successful wayfinding involves knowing where you are, knowing your destination,
knowing and following the best (or at least convenient) route to your destination, being able
to recognize your destination upon arrival, and the reverse process of finding your
way back”.

The layout of a setting is the main physical factor that affects the complexity of a pathfinding
problem, and the spatial content, form, configuration of the setting, and circulation determine
the layout.

As an integral part of the organization of the environment, the circulatory system

is beneficial in that the clearer the circulatory system, the clearer the spatial organization of
the environment and its architecture. It is also a space where people have to make
decisions to move and find their way, a space where the space of movement becomes
a path.

I
6 Page
3.2 CIRCULATION IN THE CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION
CENTRE CONTEXT

Visitor orientation is an important issue in public spaces. Special attention is given to first-

time visitors as they may be disoriented due to ignorance of the
environment due to missing orientation information and guidance and content about
the event venue, gallery or room. This situation affects performance, firstly, leading to a
decrease in interest in, for example, conferences, events, exhibitions, and
secondly, unnoticed and missed exhibitions and exhibition galleries / halls, conditional
zones.

Environmental cues, such as landmark items, signage (directional, identifying, educational),

you-are-here maps, and handheld maps, can help visitors make their way around a venue
more easily and help them feel more at home. The study found that visitors clearly needed
navigation indicators to help them find their way around, and they came to the conclusion
that orientation is important from the very first minutes of a given visit. The quality of visitors'
experiences is also improved by an integrated orientation system, which combines signs
and maps, especially handout maps, according to researchers looking at the usefulness of
wayfinding aids in museums.

It is suggested that the absence of informative and directional signs may be the result of
avoiding distractions with regard to the aesthetic effect of the location. The aim to show art
or historical items without visual distractions vs the public's need for visual information to
comprehend, identify, and appreciate the collections, in other words, could be the cause of
this.
"The visitor should be guided into and through the area intuitively, smoothly, and without
feeling as though they are in a maze or being interrupted. In order for the contents in each of
these divisions to be seen in an orderly and intelligent sequence, there should be continual
controlled circulation, at the very least, across each main part of the area. The shape and
size of [paths] must let people to move about... As a result, "anyone viewing the space's
floor plan as well as anyone moving through the rooms will be able to clearly see the
arrangement and schedule."
I
6 Page
3.3 Circulation Behavior and Environmental Considerations

According to the literature, circulation behavior refers to visitors' general movement patterns,
which combine traffic flow with exploratory locomotion. The movement of people through an
area is referred to as traffic flow, and it shows the paths that visitors travel. On the other
hand, exploratory locomotion is defined as "walking about and studying unexpected objects
in a relatively unknown location" and is likewise characterized by interest.
In order to view the artifacts, visitors must move through various settings, and in this sense,
"patterns of visitor movement comprise major 'standing' behavior in any display
environment" and "standing/sitting" behavior in traditional environment

The literature states the following setting factors in affecting circulation patterns:
• Location and spatial arrangements of spaces with respect to other spaces and to the
setting
• Size and position of rooms or halls with respect to each other within the layout of the
setting
• Width of the paths between spaces or areas
• Wall colors of the space
• Floor finishing materials of the space
• Number of floors of the space setting
• Number of entrance and exits, and distance between entrance and exits
• Lighting of space
• Crowd of visitors in the setting

The display qualities of the exhibits, on the other hand, have an impact on how people
navigate around exhibition spaces. According to studies, the following design elements
apply to displays and exhibit components:
• Single objects, moving objects, and objects with sound
• Interactivity level of exhibits with visitors
• Placement of exhibit labels in relation to exhibits, and label characteristics such as content,
size, color and typography.

I
6 Page
3.4 PUBLIC MOVEMENT PATTERN

Communication can be improved by better circulation of people. the people in the

convention centre can be divided among the following categories:

Delegates Flow:
Delegates form an important group of persons for the conference and should be treated with
due regards. Form parking they can go to the reception /registration hall and delegates
lounge which can be provided with toilets etc.
From the main entrance hall they should be able to go to any place like committee room,
main hall, conference core and the exhibition areas as the need may be. They can be a
delegate or a delegation. It is important that there is unobstructed movement for the
delegate.

Public Flow:
Dignified personalities of the country /state or city depending on the nature of conference
are invited to have a view of the event. It can also have the relatives and public guest
invited by organization. They shall come to the ceremonial entrance from the parking lot,
which shall lead them to the reception area. From here they should move to the main hall
and to the lounge, which should have a café, bar, toilets, and communication facilities
attached to it. The public/guest can also lead to the exhibition area.

VIPs Flow:
They shall be either directly lead top the dias of the main conference hall or shall move
through the VIP entrance which is also connected to the VIP lounge with attached toilet
facilities etc. from lounge they should be able to go to the main hall and the committee
rooms.

Staff Flow:
The staff can be divided into two categories namely the administrative staff, who are
exposed to the people coming to the centre while the others are engaged in different
activities to staff entrance, from where the path of administrative and technical staff diverse.

I
6 Page
3.5 Visitor Perspective to the Circulation Issue

It is suggested in the literature that personal traits make up the personal reservoir of visitor
attitudes and behavior and determine the kinds of experiences visitors will have while they
are there.

One the one hand, it is asserted that regardless of personal traits, there are some universal
human behaviors that influence circulation behavior. The majority of visitors turn toward the
wall to the right of an entrance when they first enter a gallery, despite the fact that this is
"amazingly unimportant to the displays," it has been discovered. The visitor behavior
literature refers to right orientation or right-turn bias as the visitors' propensity to turn to the
right, which is a noticeable trait of the exhibition population.

Additionally, exit-gradient, which refers to visitors' general inclination to keep going in a

straight line, and inertia, which is referred to as visitors' desire to take the shortest distance
between the entrance and exit when moving through a room, have both been proven.

I
6 Page
3.5 Visitor BEHAVIOR AND PRINCIPLES OF CIRCULATION

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
Chapter 4: CASE STUDY

I
5 Page
4.1 MAHATMA MANDIR CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

Location- Salt Mount Rd, Sector 13C, Sector 13, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Owner- Government of Gujarat
Area- Total- 33,815 sq.m. (approx.)
In program- 29,404 sq.m.
Year- 1 May 2010 – 2013

Mahatma Mandir is inspired by the life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the
nation. Planned in the heart of the capital Gujarat, it is the gateway to the true Gandhinagar.
This iconic building houses a spacious and energy-efficient conference and
exhibition center with state-of-the-art facilities, stunning landscaping and water facilities
capable of hosting a variety of national and international events.

KEY FEATURES:
The Convention Centre

• Main Convention Hall and the VIP Viewing

Galleries - 5500 delegates in theatre style.

• Main Convention Hall- divisible into 3 halls

I
6 Page
• Ceiling height of 11m, multi-purpose pillar-less air-conditioned space of 93m x 58m

• 8 Simultaneous Interpretation booths for multi- lingual translations

• Movable modular stage-pieces, lighting trusses, in- built hanging hooks with a
capability to hold up to two tonnes

• 20 additional meeting venues to accommodate parallel sessions ranging from 6-

1000 delegates

• Plug and Play Sound Reinforcement System

• Controlled temperature and lighting for thermal and visual comfort

• Sizeable pantry area, Video Conferencing & Projection System

The Exhibition Centre

• 3 pillar-less air-conditioned Exhibition halls with Viewing galleries and spaces
for Exhibitor’s offices

• Flexible, heavy duty floor for showcasing heavy machinery and other industrial
/ medical equipments

• Service trenches with electrical & water based exhibitions.

• Easy plug & play SRS Facilities and
telecommunication systems.
• Wide alley back of the house service areas to aid swift movement of exhibits
and equipment.

• Adequate storage facilities within the Exhibition halls.

Other Spaces
• Heads of State Centre to accommodate over 250 VIP delegates in multiple
meeting spaces.
• Open air amphitheatre to seat 1000 guests
• Mahatma Lawns can accommodate over 2000 guests
• Multi-level Food Court that can accommodate 2500 covers.
• 16 Retail Shops to facilitate shopping requirements

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.1 MAHATMA MANDIR CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

The Mahatma Mandir Project is massive and has been planned in different phases:

•Phase 1A includes 20,784 sq. m of Business center and 10,233 sq. m of exhibition halls,
2,347 sq.mt of service area. This phase been completed
•Phase 1B will include photo gallery, food court, development of external landscape and
pathways around the business and exhibition center. (In progress)
•Phase 2 will include the development of Gandhi Garden, Salt Mound (Museum), Windmill,
the Charka, and cable stayed Bridge (Dandi March Bridge).

I
6 Page
4.2 DANDHI KUTIR

Location- Salt Mount Rd, Sector 13C, Sector 13,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Owner- Shapoorji Pallonji & Co. Ltd.
Area- 16,258 sq.m.
Year- January 2015

The Mahatma Mandir Museum, named Dandi Kutir, was built to honor the life, ideology and

principles of social justice, non-violence (Ahimsa) and Satyagraha, the father of the nation,
Mahatma Gandhi.

The museum is a unique architectural and experiential building that provides visitors with a

forward-looking space to reflect on Gandhi's principles and contemplate the individual and
collective future. Situated on 48 acres of land, Mahatma Mandir is a
convention center, exhibition center and memorial hall. Built on more than 15 acres and
inspired by the life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, the modern memorial has a
concrete domed structure resembling a salt pile and includes the Mahatma
Museum, Library and Research Centre.

Museum building showcasing the life of Mahatma Gandhi with modern technology equipped

with the latest lighting, sound and projection technology: 4D virtual
reality, 3D holography, 3D transparent screen projection, digital LED floor, curved LED
screen, laser plasma technology, 3D etc. - Life of Mahatma Gandhi and mapping and
interactive touch screen kiosks that showcase the philosophy in different ways.
The entire story being created within the project was created using an audio
guide using radio and sensor technology.

There is also a cable-stayed bridge, which consists of a non-linear structure

and requires special software to design a cantilever bridge with a windmill structure on
top. Above the green space was also the Gandhi Garden, the roof structure of the
Parliament, and the huge Charkha structure. The museum project was successfully
6 Page
completed in record time (seven months), and the historic P.M. three. Narendra Modiji. I
 I
6 Page
4.3 HEC - HELIPAD EXHIBITION CENTRE

Location- Swarnim Park, Helipad exhibition Centre, near Gandhinagar Jilla Panchayat,
Sector 17, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Owner- Garud (Gandhinagar railway & urban development corporation ltd.)
Area- 45 acres
Year- 5th January 2015

Helipad Exhibition Center is the largest exhibition and convention center in Gujarat. It is

created to enhance the experience of seeing your ideas in action, from conventions and
exhibitions to large private events. HEC offers the largest area and ideal
location among lush greenery and serene surroundings. The 45-acre Helipad Exhibition
Center campus has 11,000,000 square meters of carpet area. 25,000 sq.m of open space.
Huge space with 13 exhibition halls ranging from 6 to 18 meters. The height of the center
can accommodate approximately 25,000 square meters of exhibition space. With
conference rooms with an area of ​​more than 1.5 sq.m. With parking for more
than 10,000 vehicles, HEC is an ideal venue for conferences, trade fairs, industry
fairs, global business summits as well as large private events.

I
6 Page
 Reception

Meeting room

Waiting area

Conference
room

Work area

The administration block

consists of-
Parking
• Reception
• Lounge
• Waiting room
• Work area
• Meeting room
• Conference hall
I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.4 VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE EXHIBITION CENTRE

Location- Space Application Centre, Satellite Rd, Jodhpur Tekra, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Owner- ISRO
Year- 21ST AUGUST 2015

The Vikram Sarabai Space Exhibition (VSSE) is organized by Dr. It is located

in Ahmedabad, the hometown of Sarabhai. This exhibition is an attempt to share our
achievements, hopes and concerns with the general public through working models, live
panels, static displays, 3D theaters and interactive multimedia presentations.

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.5 CIDCO EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTRE

Location- Vashi, Navi Mumbai

Owner- The City and Industrial Development Corporation of Maharashtra Limited (CIDCO)
Area- 3,40,000 sq ft
Year- 2014

CIDCO Convention and Exhibition Center is a state-of-the

art exhibition and convention center located on 7.5 hectares in Bashi, New Mumbai.
The center is near the Vashi railway station, between various
business facilities and shopping centres. It is built on a vast site of 200,000 square meters.
feet. In the center are two large exhibition halls and 1,50,000 square meters. feet.
conference center. The exhibition center and business center are connected by a bridge.
Innovatively designed according to international standards, the center has an aesthetic and
attractive appearance.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
• The 'Green building' Concept was incorporated into a construction as certified by
I.G.B.C.
• The structure is a blend of R.C.C and P.E.B construction.
• Welded connections were used to preserve the form.
• CIRCULATION:
• The building has ample circulation spaces that seamlessly interconnect the open
spaces including the parking and to each exhibition hall as well as the main food court.
• The convention centre has ample and excess connectivity within the building having 2
main entries: convention zone and business zone, and one direct entry from the
exhibition centre via the pedestrian bridge which also connects the ancillary block.

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.6 MELBOURNE CONVENTION CENTRE

Location- Melbourne, Australia

Owner- Woods Bagot and NH Architecture
Year- 2009

The Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Center in South Wharf, the central area of ​​
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, is a collection of three neighborhood structures alongside the
Yarra River. The Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Foundation owns and operates the
facility. The total area of ​the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention
Center is 70,000m2. The hall includes 63 meeting rooms, an outdoor patio, a plenary that
can be divided into three independently operated spaces, the Goldfields Theater, a
9,000 sqm multipurpose event space with a 1,000 seat retractable theater,
and a 39,000 sqm pillar. The exhibition area is small.

CONFERENCE HALLS: The spaces in the Centre can accommodate all kinds of events -
from intimate meetings to world - touring concerts and conventions.

EXHIBITION CENTER: The Melbourne Exhibition Centre offers an amazing range of spaces
to choose from. There's room for thousands in our Exhibition Bays - a pillar-less, air-
conditioned space that can be divided into sections.

DESIGN REVIEW: Flexibility and adaptability in form and function.

Regional identity & micro climate consideration to make project sustainable.

Service and technical aspects.

Buffer Zone- landscape, garden, foyer, corridors for sound and thermal insulation to
auditorium.
I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.7 BIRLA AUDITORIUM

INTRODUCTION :

It is one of the important conference centers at national level, part of the BM Birla Center for
Science and Technology.

ACCESS :

The building complex has three entrances. The most commonly used entrance is Prithviraj

Road. The center entrance is for VIP use only, and the third entrance is
for convention center use only. The meeting room entrance is shared.

PARKING:

There is parking for 80 cars near the center, which is not enough. other cars parked on the
road

RECEPTION AREAS :

At the entrance to the meeting block there is a common reception desk with lobby. The

reception and lobby are also used as exhibition spaces. This area is
sometimes crowded as it is a common space for auditoriums, administration offices,
boardrooms, boardrooms and exhibitions.

AUDITORIUM:

The auditorium is designed for 1300 people. This is one of the largest auditoriums

in North India. The auditorium is fully air-conditioned and has a two-level
seating arrangement. The first floor can accommodate 700 people and the balcony can
accommodate 600 people. The auditorium is octagonal in shape. The elegantly designed
auditorium is equipped with a state-of-the-art lighting system (up to 700 lux) and a public
address system. .
I
6 Page
There is a major problem with the sightlines of the lower hall as well as the balcony. The
lower level side seats fall outside the actual cone of sight and hence there is distortion of
view. The best location of sitting is being wasted by providing ailes. The rise of the balcony
sitting is very steep giving a well like feeling and also has a wrong cone of vision

STAGE:

The stage is at a height of 3’ 2” above the floor lvl.The stage has an approximate area of
100 sqm with a depth of 35 feet and a width of 36 feet. The proscenium width is 44’ (13.2
m). The projection screen has a dimension of 24’ x 18’.The stage of the auditorium is
equipped with special set handling and curtain system, banks of lights with hi-techcontrols,
a contemporary sound system with sound reinforcements, specially designed recording
facilities. It has the latest video and slide projection system compatible with computer disc
recording.

COMMITTEE ROOMS:
The committee rooms are located on the first and the second floor they can be accessed
directly from the reception area. On the first floor there are 2 committee rooms with
classroom type sitting and having a capacity of 25 and 40, the third committee room has a
board room type sitting with capacity of 15. These committee rooms are clubbed around a
prefunction hall. The second floor also has the same configuration of committee rooms as
on the first floor, but has a conference hall with a capacity of 85 persons with a theater like
arrangement also.

EXHIBITION HALLS:
The complex has approximately 3600 sq m of indoor exhibition space. These
exhibition spaces are distributed on different floors. Few of these exhibition halls are air-
conditioned. The exhibition hall located in the basement of the museum block is the biggest
of all having an area of 1000sq m (approx.). Other exhibition halls range from 450 to 850 sq
m in area.

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
4.8 HALL OF NATIONS AND HALL OF INDUSTRIES, NEW DELHI

Designed by architect Raj Rewal , it is a permanent exhibition complex in the form of a

truncated pyramid, with a space frame structure of RCC . Initially, the design was evolved to
meet the constraints of time, availability of labour and material; and above all, to reflect
India’s technological advancement.
The hall is the focal point of the exhibition ground. it falls at the intersection of three major
axis of the Pragati Maidan: Entry opposite Old Fort (gate no 1),the secondary VIP route(gate
no 2),and the diagonal across the open space system of the ground.
The structural principle employed to create the large column free spaces required by
the programme is the double layered space frame of octahedrons. The structure is like a
dome which is self supporting after 6 levels of construction. But the square plan of the hall
provides flexibility in case of future additions to the structure, which is advantageous over
circular domes.
Entire structures are made up of poured in place concrete.
A spindly octahedral lattice encloses the large crystalline volumes.
Fenestration and sun breakers are incorporated in the 5m depth of the frame.
The complex comprises of 5 structures, four of, which are fused together composing the hall
of industries, each module spanning 44m. The larger hall of nations spans 78 m. The halls
encloses a public square with an amphitheater between them.
The hall of nations provides an uninterrupted exhibition area of approximately 6300sqm in a
78m x 78m x 27m high truncated pyramid supported on eight points, each point consists of
3 pedestals each.
Each of the four "halls of industries" is similar in design and is 44m x 44m x 16m high. Free
standing coffered mezzanine floors cantilevering out of cylindrical shafts provides additional
exhibition area in each hall.
A special 9-member joint was evolved for precast construction but the builder preferred in-
situ construction. The joint was modified to suit the adopted technique. The hall of nations is
supported on pile foundations tied together with post-tensioned plinth beams stressed in
stages. the hall of industries rest on spread footings, tied together with high tensile steel
bars. the entire complex was analyzed, designed and built in a period of 15 months.

I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
 I
6 Page
3.1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The success or failure of a convention and exhibition center can be judged by the number of

people it visits. Therefore, from the research conducted, it can be said that convention and
exhibition centers are not very successful today in terms of scale. These convention and
exhibition centers have failed in their basic idea of ​​providing a
meeting place for the corporate world. They serve more as exhibition spaces and recreation
centers, where the main thing is entertainment, not business. In the
present context, these centers also perform personal functions. 

To make these convention and exhibition centers more successful, changes to

programming, distribution, communication and design will be required, taking into account
the following aspects:

 It should not be developed alone. Rather, they should be merged with

other institutions and community areas. The area is frequented by
people throughout the year, so it will help promote the destination for convention and
exhibition centers.
 
 Visually separates the center from surrounding roads and buildings. creation of
a park environment; Preserve the environment and create a protected view of the
surrounding landscape. This increases the visitor's interest in interacting with the space
and increases their connectedness.
  
 Organize clear routes so visitors can easily find meeting rooms, auditoriums,
restaurants, banquet halls, and exhibition halls. The lobby hall should be
subdivided into small individual reception areas. Properly sized lobbies should be
designed to accommodate heavy traffic during peak hours.

 The most common conceptual organization calls for three major clusters. One for the
lobby, food and beverage outlets, banquet and service
spaces, another for the convention center, and a third for guest rooms.

I
6 Page
 Recreational activities can be grouped together with accommodations or located near
food and beverage areas with lounges, terraces and game rooms.

 Public spaces should be grouped to streamline traffic, simplify the location

of dining and banqueting areas, and reduce office traffic.
 
 Meeting rooms should be segregated to give them a businesslike
feel and reduce the potential for distractions from the main lobby, foyer and seating
areas.

 The design
of the exhibition space should enhance and facilitate the audience's engagement with
the collection.

 The layout of the tradition and exhibition areas and the main entrances to those

areas should be flexible and allow visitors to take multiple routes depending
on the length and intensity of their visit.

 Provide a visual representation, graphical description of the meeting or other related

matter. All rooms and spaces must be accessible and visually connected to
common entrances.

You know a lot about visitor orientation and movement, but you need to know more to

design your facility in the most efficient way. I believe that research and
evaluation should focus on different aspects of orientation and appeal.

• We need a systematic study of visitor orientation and circulation.

• We need to integrate all of the literature into a consistent conceptual scheme — a
scheme that will give us working guidelines or rules for designing effective orientation and
circulation systems.
• We need to look critically at our measurement procedures to ensure that they are reliable,
valid, and inclusive of all the important orientation/circulation elements.

I
6 Page