Scribd
Upload
292 views29 pages

Meaning and Relevance of History

This document discusses the meaning and relevance of history and the different types of historical sources. It defines history as both the sum of all past events and as the written accounts of the past. Primary sources are original materials created during the time under study, while secondary sources are created later. Historians use internal criticism to examine the credibility of sources and external criticism to verify their authenticity. Understanding historiography provides context for how historians have interpreted the past over time. The study of history illuminates the present and is essential for understanding the human experience.

Uploaded by

Khale Rhain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
292 views29 pages

Meaning and Relevance of History

This document discusses the meaning and relevance of history and the different types of historical sources. It defines history as both the sum of all past events and as the written accounts of the past. Primary sources are original materials created during the time under study, while secondary sources are created later. Historians use internal criticism to examine the credibility of sources and external criticism to verify their authenticity. Understanding historiography provides context for how historians have interpreted the past over time. The study of history illuminates the present and is essential for understanding the human experience.

Uploaded by

Khale Rhain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

LESSON I: MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY

“Fellow citizens, we cannot escape


history”.
-Abraham Lincoln

MJSB
OBJECTIVES

a. Distinguish actual history from account of history


b. Differentiate historical facts from opinions in historical texts
c. Identify the varied uses of history
d. Explain the nature of history
WHY STUDY HISTORY?

HOW DO YOU DEFINE HISTORY?


WHAT IS HISTORY

• In English words, history has two distinct meanings.


A. It is the sum total of everything that has happened in
the past—every thought, every action, every event.
B. It is an account of the past—books, articles, lectures.
OTHER DEFINITIONS

• The origin of the word History is associated with the


Greek word ‘Historia’ which means ‘information’ or ‘an
enquiry designed to elicit truth’.
• Burckhardt: “History is the record of what one age finds
worthy of note in another.”
• Henry Johnson: “History, in its broadest sense, is
everything that ever happened.”
OTHER DEFINITIONS

• Rapson: “History is a connected account of the course


of events or progress of ideas.”
• NCERT: “History is the scientific study of past
happenings in all their aspects, in the life of a social
group, in the light of present happenings.”
OTHER DEFINITIONS

• Smith,V.S: “The value and interest of history depend largely on


the degree in which the present is illuminated by the past.”
• Jawaharlal Nehru: “History is the story of Man’s struggle
through the ages against Nature and the elements; against wild
beasts and the jungle and some of his own kind who have tried
to keep him down and to exploit him for their own benefit.”
CONCEPT OF HISTORY

• The actual events of the past are gone forever, but they
were just as “real” as all the human activities you see
around you every day.
• All historical accounts are reconstructions that contain
some degree of subjectivity
NATURE OF HISTORY

• A study of the present in the light of the • History is a dialogue between the
past. events of the past and
• History is the study of man. progressively emerging future
ends.
• History is the study of man.
• Not only narration but also
• History is concerned with man in space.
analysis
• History is concerned with man in space.
• Continuity and coherence are the
• Multisided necessary requisites of history.
• Relevant • Comprehensiveness
RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST

Louis Gottschalk
QUESTIONS AND ISSUES IN HISTORY

• What is
• Why study
• History for whom?
QUESTIONS OF TRUTH

• Why study history at all if historical account are so far removed


from the past they attempt to understand?
• What happens to the search for the truth if we acknowledge that
historical account are by nature subjective and incomplete?
• How can we justify the pursuit of knowledge that appears so
shallow and fleeting?
LESSON II: HISTORICAL SOURCES: PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY SOURCES AND INTERNAL/EXTERNAL
CRITICISM
OBJECTIVES

a. Distinguish primary from secondary sources of history


b. Differentiate External from internal criticism as a method of history
c. Explain some basic considerations in critiquing historical sources
d. Analyze critically selected primary sources of history
HISTORICAL SOURCES

• Historical sources can be classified into primary and secondary sources.


Primary Sources refer to documents, physical objects, and oral/video accounts
made by an individual or a group present at the time and place being described.
Secondary sources, on the other hand, are materials made by people long after
the events being described had taken place.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/YosefE
ricHipolito/readings-in-philippine-
history-chapter-1-meaning-and-
relevance-of-history
SECONDARY SOURCES
Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/Yos
efEricHipolito/readings-in-
philippine-history-chapter-1-
meaning-and-relevance-of-
history
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISM

To avoid deception and to come up with the historical


truth, historians and as well as the students of history
need to thoroughly scrutinize these historical sources by
conducting an external and internal criticism of the
source such as external criticism and internal criticism.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISM

• External criticism is the practice of verifying the


authenticity of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical
characteristic of the time when it was produced; and the
materials used for the evidence.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISM

• External criticism answers concerns and questions


pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source by
identifying that composed the historical material, locating
when and where the historical material was produced, and
establishing the material’s evidential value.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISM

• Internal criticism deals with the credibility and reliability of


the content of a given historical source. This kind of criticism
focuses on understanding the substance and message that the
historical materials wants to convey by examining how the
author frame the intent and meaning of a composed material.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISM

• Internal Criticism is the examination of the


truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at
the author of the source, its context, the agenda behind
its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and its
intended purpose.
THE TASK OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

• Historiography is the history of history. Historiography


not just let you learn facts but also provide better
understanding of the historian contexts.
TYPES OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

• Colonial Historiography- Spanish colonizers presented our


history in two parts: a period of darkness or backwardness before
they arrived and a consequent period of advancement or
enlightenment when they came.
• Political Historiography- It focuses on studying and
understanding politics. Who was the governor general? What is the
encomienda system?
TYPES OF HISTORIOGRAPHY

• Elite-centric Historiography- it focuses on the contributions of the


elite in nation-building such as what the Illustrados (educated
Filipinos).
• Patriarchal – it highlights the heroism of men in different ways:
leading revolts and liberation wars against colonizers, championing
the cause of independence, and spearheading political and economic
development.
CONCLUSION

“History is not the lifeless study of a dead past; its purpose is not
the memorization of dates, names, and places. History is a living
and evolving dialogue about the most important subject of all-the
human experience”.
-Conal Furray
REFERENCES

• ANDELARIA P. & V. ALPORHA. 2018. Readings in Philippine History.Manila:Rex


Book Store,Inc.pp.4-9
• FURAY C. AND SALEVOURIS, M. 2015. The methods and skills of history: A practical
guide, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• RIVERA, J.C. et al. 2012. Philippines: Past and beyond worktext. Quezon City: IPM
Publishing.
• SAGANDOY, T. 2020. Readings in Philippine History module. College of Arts and
Sciences, Social Science

You might also like