Introduction to Electrical Safety

What is Electricity?
Definition:
• is the flow of electrons through a conductor.
• the main source of electricity comes from coals, natural gases, nuclear energy, solar
energy and wind energy which can turn into electrical power.
• Electricity is also known as energy carrier because it can be converted into other
forms of energy such as mechanical energy or heat
HISTORY
• 600BC: Static electricity
• A Greek named Thales discovered static electricity through an amber which was rubbed into
silk which attracted the feathers and light objects around it.
• 1600: William Gilbert invented the term electricity
• William Gilbert was the first person to describes the earth’s magnetic field and to realize that
there is a relationship between magnetism and electricity.
• 1752: Franklin proved that lightning is a form of electricity
• Franklin was known to be the person that flew a kite with a metal tip into a thunderstorm to
prove that lightning was a form of electricity
• 1820: Hans Christian Oersted discovered magnetic fields caused by electricity
• Hans discovered that electricity flows in wires, it can produce magnetic field that affects the
needle of a nearby compass.
HISTORY
• 1821: Michael Faraday's discovery that led to the invention of electric motors
• Faraday found out that when a magnet is moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the
wire. Which later on led to the invention of electric motor.

• 1826: André Ampère explained the electro-dynamic theory

• Ampere was the first person to explain the electro-dynamic theory.

• 1827: Georg Ohm published his complete mathematical theory of electricity

• Ohm published his complete mathematical theory of electricity.

• 1831: The First Telegraph Machine

• Charles Wheatstone and William Fothergill Cooke created the first telegraph machine.
HISTORY
• 1870s: Thomas Edison built a DC electric generator
• Edison built a DC (direct current) electric generator in America. He later provided all of New York's electricity.

• 1876:Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

• Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the first telephone buy using electricity to transmit speech.

• 1878: Joseph Swan demonstrated the first Electric Light

• He demonstrated the first electric light with a carbon filament lamp.

• 1879: First Fatal Accident

• First fatal accident due to electric shock.

• 1800’s: Nicola Tesla

• Invented the Alternating current (AC) system for electrical transmission and also designed the worlds first
hydroelectric plant (in Niagra Falls, NY)
HISTORY
• 1895: The first electric hand drill
• Wilhelm Fein invented the first electric hand drill

• 1918-19: Washing machines and refrigerators

• Electric washing machines and refrigerators first became available.

• 1926: First National Grid was introduced

• Electricity Supply Act - the first National Grid was introduced .

• 1930-40s: Electrical household appliances introduced

• Mains powered radios, vacuum cleaners, irons and refrigerators were becoming part of every household..

• 1800’s: Nicola Tesla

Identifying the Hazards
• Hazards Associated With Electricity
• Electricity is widely recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to electric shock, burns,
fires, and explosions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 250 employees were killed by contact with
electric current in 2006. Other employees have been killed or injured in fires and explosions caused by
electricity
.

• Nature of Electrical Accidents

• Electrical accidents, when initially studied, often appear to be caused by
circumstances that are varied and peculiar to the particular incidents involved.
However, further consideration usually reveals the underlying cause to be a
combination of three possible factors: work involving unsafe equipment and
installations; workplaces made unsafe by the environment; and unsafe work
practice.
Identifying the Hazards
OSHA Requirements
OSHA Electrical Safety Regulations – Regulates many different aspects of workplace safety, including basic
electrical safety.

• 29 CFR 1910.137 Electrical Protection Equipment - OSHA requires that the right electrical protective equipment is
worn or used whenever working on dangerous electrical systems
• 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution - Those who work in electrical power
generation, transmission, and distribution need to follow the special instructions for this industry. It covers the
specifics on operation and regular maintenance to these electrical systems.
• 29 CFR 1915.181 Electrical Circuits and Distribution Boards- Applicable to ship repair only, this standard defines the
criteria necessary for working on electrical circuit boards.
• 29 CFR 1917.157 Battery Charging and Changing– This standard primarily goes over who is able to change batteries,
where they can be changed, and what to look for in terms of hazards.
OSHA Requirements
Qualified Individual:
• A qualified person has been trained to avoid electrical hazards when working on or near exposed
energized parts
• Familiar with the safety-related work practices required in 29 CFR 1910.331-1910.335

• Able to distinguish exposed live parts of electrical equipment

• Knowledgeable of the skills and techniques used to determine the nominal voltages of exposed parts

Unqualified Individual:
• An unqualified person is someone who has little or no training regarding electrical hazards. Even though
unqualified persons may not be exposed to energized parts, make sure they’re trained and familiar with
your electrical safety practices.
Safety Related Work Practices
• OSHA code 1910.333 states that "Safety-related work practices shall be employed to prevent electric shock." To
ensure workplace safety, OSHA regulates that employees should have a workplace as free as possible from accidental
shock or electrocution. Employers are required to teach employees basic workplace safety regulation. It is also the
employers responsibility to maintain adequate record to prove that there is a safety training provided.
• Some other work practices OSHA enforces include that employers are required to ensure that only qualified
individuals, as defined by OSHA code 1910.332, work on electrical circuits, that protective measures must be taken
near overhead power lines, and that workers conducting housekeeping duties near power supplies must be given
adequate training and safety equipment.

• How do you work safely?

•A safe work environment is not enough to control all electrical hazards. You must also work safely.
Safe work practices help you control your risk of injury or death from workplace hazards. If you are
working on electrical circuits or with electrical tools and equipment, you need to use safe work practices.
Safety Related Work Practices
• Plan your work and plan for safety. • Use and maintain tools properly.
• Work with a buddy • Inspect tools before using them
• Know how to shut off and de-energize circuits
•
• Protect your tools
Plan to lock out and tag out circuit and equipment
• Remove jewelry and metal objects • Use double insulated
• Plan to avoid falls • Use multiple safe practices
• Avoid wet working conditions and other dangers. • Wear the correct PPE.
• Do not work wet • Wear safety glasses
• Use a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) • Wear proper clothing
• Avoid overhead power lines.
• Use proper wiring and connectors.
• Contain and and secure loose hair
• Avoid overloads • Wear proper foot protection
• Test GFCI’s (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) • Wear a hard hat
• Check switches and insulation • Wear a hearing protectors
• Use three-prong plugs • Follow directions
• Use extension cords properly • Make an effort
• Check power cords and extensions
• Do not pull on cords
• Use correct connectors
• Use locking connectors
Safety Related Work Practices
• Why is it so important to work safely with or near electricity?
The voltage of the electricity and the available electrical current in regular businesses and homes has enough power to
cause death by electrocution. Even changing a light bulb without unplugging the lamp can be hazardous because coming in
contact with the "hot", "energized" or "live" part of the socket could kill a person.
Working On or Near Live Parts
• Insert pic ng mga construction equipment na may live parts
• Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized
before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can
demonstrate that deenergizing introduces additional or increased
hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational
limitations. Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground
need not be de-energized if there will be no increased exposure to
electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs.
• If the exposed live parts are not de-energized (i.e., for reasons of
increased or additional hazards or infeasibility), other safety-related
work practices shall be used to protect employees who may be
exposed to the electrical hazards involved.
• Safety-related work practices shall be employed to prevent electric
shock or other injuries resulting from either direct or indirect
electrical contacts, when work is performed near or on equipment or
circuits which are or may be energized.
Regulations for Working On or Near Live
Parts
A. Work on Energized Equipment
B. Overhead Lines
C. Unqualified Persons
D. Qualified Persons
E. Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment
F. Illumination
G. Confined or Enclosed Work Spaces
H. Conductive Materials and Equipment
I. Portable Ladders
J. Conductive Apparel
K. Housekeeping Duties
L. Interlocks
PPE for Electrical Safety
1. PPE for Body Protection
2. PPE for Face and Head Protection
3. PPE for Eye Protection
4. PPE for Hand Protection
5. PPE for Foot Protection
6. PPE for Ear Protection
 RULE 1210: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
• 1211: Philippine Electrical Code
• 1212: Electrical Safety Inspection
• 1213: Inspection Fees
• 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of Electrical Plans
1211: PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE
The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the standards
contained therein shall be considered safety standards to the extent
that they safeguard any person employed in any workplace and control
the practice of electrical engineering.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
• 1212.01: Definition
• 1212.02: General Provisions
• 1212.03: Application and Plans
• 1212.04: Inspection
• 1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
• 1212.06: Additional Loads
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.01: Definition
1) “Installation” as used in this Rule shall mean assemblage of
electrical equipment in a given location, designed for coordinated
operation, properly erected and wired.
2) “Approved” shall mean acceptable to the Bureau after test and
examination show compliance with standards.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.02: General Provisions
1) No electrical installation shall be undertaken without the plans
having been approved by the Secretary or his authorized
representative.
2) No service or power supply shall be connected to any electrical
installation by any utility company supplying electricity or by any
person until the necessary final inspection is conducted and a safety
certificate/permit issued by the Regional Labor Office or authorized
representative having jurisdiction over the case.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.02: General Provisions
3) The following are excluded in the coverage of this Rule;
a. electric generating plants with franchises which are under the jurisdiction of
the Board of Power and Waterworks.
b. electric generating plants and electrical installations in radio and television
station which are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Public Works,
Transportation and Communications, and
c. electrical installation for conveyances used in connection with water
transportation which are under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.02: General Provisions
4) The exemptions under 3 (a) and (b) are only for the design and
construction, the electrical installation may be inspected by the
Regional Labor Office or authorized representative, if such poses
danger to the safety and health of the workers therein.
5) The practice of electrical engineering as required under this Rule
shall be subjected to the provisions of the Philippine Electrical
Engineering Law, R.A. 184.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.03: Application and Plans
1) Application for electrical installation shall be filed by the
owner/manager to the Secretary or his authorized representative
having jurisdiction accompanied by plans, designs and/or
specifications.
2) Application for the electrical installation for household lighting
utilizing energy involving installation of twenty (20) outlets or less,
or for the power or heat utilizing electrical energy not exceeding
four (4) kilowatts need not be accompanied by plans.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.03: Application and Plans
3) After construction, a certificate of final inspection shall be secured
from the office having jurisdiction.
4) Application for a certificate of electrical inspection shall be filed by
the owner, manager or his authorized representative with the
Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having
jurisdiction at least thirty (30) days before the expiration date of the
safety permit.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.04: Inspection
1) The safety engineers of the Regional Labor Office or authorized
representative having jurisdiction shall conduct annual safety
inspections on all electrical installations and/or special inspections
as provided in Rule 1004.
2) All Regional Labor Offices shall adopt and maintain an effective
records control of all electrical inspections in order that re-
inspection shall not go beyond the expiration date.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
1) A certificate to use the installation shall be issued subject to the
following:
a. Work shall be performed under the responsible charge or supervision of a duly
authorized electrical engineer or a master electrician in conformity with the field of
action authorized for each grade.
b. All work shall conform with the approved plans and the provisions of this
Standards.
c. All materials used in the installation shall be of the approved type.
d. The certificate shall be valid for a period of one (1) year counted from the date of
final inspection and renewable annually thereafter if inspection show it is safe to
use.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
2) A certificate shall continue to be valid even beyond the expiration
date if an application for renewal was submitted and filed at least
thirty (30) days before the expiration date and for reasons beyond
its control, the enforcing agency concerned failed to act on the
application on or before the date of expiration.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
3) Temporary Installation Certificate: A temporary certificate may be
issued for the following:
a. temporary installations for building construction or other civil engineering
work;
b. temporary installations pending completion of permanent installation; and
c. temporary installation for amusements such as ferris wheels, fairs, fiestas and
other similar electrical installations.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
4) Temporary Installation Certificate shall be issued after the following
conditions are complied with:
a. Clearance by the enforcing authority of the electrical plans where the
installation is over twenty (20) outlets or the total load exceeds four (4)
kilowatts.
b. Submission of sketch of the proposed installation to the Regional Labor
Office or authorized representative for installation of twenty (20) or less outlets
on for loads not exceeding four (4) kilowatts, showing a layout of the wiring
installation, location and a signed statement that the installation shall conform
with this Standards and that all materials used shall be of the approved type.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.05: Permit to Use Installation
5) Duration of Temporary Certificate:
a. Temporary installation for construction work and installation pending
permanent installation shall be for a period of one hundred twenty (120) days
from the date of issuance subject to renewal until the work is completed. Each
renewal is for a period of one hundred twenty (120) days.
b. Installations for amusements shall be for sixty (60) days renewable for a
maximum of sixty (60) days.
 1212: ELECTRICAL SAFETY
INSPECTION
1212.06: Additional Loads
1) When subsequent inspection is conducted for additional loads to an
existing installation within a covered year, fees shall be charged only for
the additional load.
2) Permit for additional loads inspected within the covered year shall have
for their expiration date the date of the original electrical installation.
3) The original installation including all additional loads shall be
reinspected on the same date of the following year.
4) Additional load and/or alteration of installation is not allowed unless a
permit is issued.
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
Referring to Rule 1970:
• 1971: General Provisions
• 1972: Explosives
• 1973: Local Fabrication of Boilers / Pressure Vessels
• 1974: Certificates of Safety Practitioners / Consultants
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1971: General Provisions
1) In the conduct of the administration and enforcement of these
Standards, reasonable fees shall be collected for such services
except for technical safety inspection. Fees for technical safety
inspection shall be as provided in the National Building Code of the
Philippines, PD 1096, and shall be paid to the Building Official.
2) All fees collected shall be covered by official receipts.
3) The amount collected shall be deposited with the National Treasury
to the credit of the Department of Labor and Employment.
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1972: Explosives
1) Safety Inspection Fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
For explosive plants with five (5) or less Class I magazines 600.00
a
For additional Class I magazines in excess of five (5) 40.00
For plants manufacturing explosive with five (5) or less Class II magazine 40.00
b
For every additional Class II magazine in excess of five (5) 20.00
For non-manufacturing establishments maintaining Class I Magazine 200.00
c
For every additional Class II magazine 20.00
For non-manufacturing establishments maintaining two (2) or less Class 11 magazines 100.00
d
For every additional Class II magazine in excess of two (2) 10.00
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1972: Explosives
2) Plan Checking Fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
a Explosive Plants 200.00
b Magazine for Non-Manufacturing Plants 40.00
Class I 40.00
Class II 10.00
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1973: Local Fabrication of Boilers / Pressure Vessels
1) Plan Checking Fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
For checking fabrication plans of steam boiler up to 50 hp 60.00
For checking fabrication plans of steam boiler over 50 to 200 hp 200.00
a
For checking fabrication plans of steam boiler over 200 to 500 hp 350.00
For checking fabrication plans of steam boiler over 500 hp 600.00
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1973: Local Fabrication of Boilers / Pressure Vessels
1) Plan Checking Fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
For checking fabrication plans for pressure vessels up to 5 cu.ft. 15.00
For checking fabrication plans for pressure vessels over 5 to 10 cu.ft. 25.00
For checking fabrication plans for pressure vessels over 10 to 30 cu.ft. 30.00
b
For checking fabrication plans for pressure vessels over 30 to 50 cu.ft. 40.00
For checking fabrication plans for pressure vessels over 50 to 100 cu.ft. 50.00
For every cu.ft. or fraction thereof in excess of 100 cu.ft. 1.00
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1973: Local Fabrication of Boilers / Pressure Vessels
2) Inspection fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
For inspection during fabrication boiler up to 10 hp 120.00
For inspection during fabrication over 10 to 20 hp 145.00
For inspection during fabrication over 20 to 30 hp 170.00
For inspection during fabrication over 30 to 40 hp 200.00
For inspection during fabrication over 40 to 50 hp 240.00
a For inspection during fabrication over 50 to 60 hp 300.00
For inspection during fabrication over 60 to 70 hp 340.00
For inspection during fabrication over 70 to 80 hp 360.00
For inspection during fabrication over 80 to 90 hp 390.00
For inspection during fabrication over 90 to 100 hp 420.00
For each horsepower or fraction thereof in excess of 100 hp 1.50
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1973: Local Fabrication of Boilers / Pressure Vessels
2) Inspection Fees
Part Item Fee (PHP)
For the examination and inspection during fabrication of pressure vessels up to 5 cu.ft. 15.00
For the examination and inspection during fabrication of pressure vessels over 5 to 10 cu.ft. 25.00
For the examination and inspection during fabrication of pressure vessels over 10 to 30 cu.ft. 40.00
b
For the examination and inspection during fabrication of pressure vessels over 30 to 50 cu.ft. 50.00
For the examination and inspection during fabrication of pressure vessels over 50 to 100 cu.ft. 70.00
For every cu.ft. or fraction thereof in excess of 100 cu.ft. 5.00
 1213: INSPECTION FEES
1974: Certificates of Safety Practitioners / Consultants
1) Consulting Organizations / Consultants
Part Item Fee (PHP)
a Certificates 200.00
b Annual Fee 100.00

2) Safety Practitioners
Part Item Fee (PHP)
a Certificates 100.00
b Annual Fee 20.00
 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of
Electrical Plans
Before electrical wiring installation is done, the owner/manager or
his authorized representative shall file the required application for
electrical wiring installation in triplicate, accompanied by three (3)
copies of each sheet of plans in white print. The following shall be
incorporated in the plans.
 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of
Electrical Plans
1) Location Plans:
a. site of the compound indicating any known landmarks, private or public
buildings and arrow indicating NORTH direction drawn not necessarily to scale.
b. the service drop from the utility company pole to the building structure; and
c. all feeder lines.
 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of
Electrical Plans
2) Electrical Layout:
a. power layout, in addition to the lighting layout, if the number of motors
exceed (10);
b. other loads;
c. bell system circuit;
d. telephone system circuit;
e. riser or single line diagram
f. riser design computation;
g. load schedule;
h. electrical legend and specifications
 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of
Electrical Plans
3) Outdoor substation:
a. location of outdoor substation indicating the distance with respect to the
nearest building,
b. primary and secondary lines,
c. fencing or enclosure,
d. top, front and side views showing pertinent distances,
e. grounding system,
f. Specification
g. single line diagram
h. legend
i. design computation.
 1214: Requirements in the Preparation of
Electrical Plans
4) Indoor Substation:
Transformer vault walls, roof, flooring, doorways, ventilation and
drainage including items, b, d, e, f, g, h and i of outdoor substation
requirements.
Introduction to LOTO
LOTO Program in Improving Electrical
Safety
• Lockout tagout (LOTO) is a protection system against unintentional
exposure to hazardous energy from equipment and machinery. A
lockout device, such as a padlock, secures the energy isolating device
while a tagout device (i.e. a tag) warns employees not to use the
equipment.
LOTO Program in Improving Electrical
Safety
• The lockout-tagout (LOTO) program is one of the most important ways
that companies can improve safety when working on electrical
systems. The concept behind LOTO is that anyone who will be working
on an electrical system has to physically remove the source of
electricity, and place a lock on it so that it can’t be plugged in again.
LOTO procedures must be put in place at the workplace level - that is,
all employees must be trained to use the exact same set of LOTO
procedures.
Difference between LockOut and TagOut
• The difference between lockout and tag out is the device used. The
lockout device stops employees from operating the equipment while
the tagout device informs them that the equipment should not be
operated. Essentially, a tagout device is the second layer of protection
against unsafe equipment operation while a lockout device is the first
layer.
OSHA Regulations that requires LOTO
• Proper lockout/tagout (LOTO) practices and procedures safeguard
workers from hazardous energy releases. The OSHA standard for The
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) (29 CFR 1910.147) for
general industry outlines measures for controlling different types of
hazardous energy. The LOTO standard establishes the employer's
responsibility to protect workers from hazardous energy.
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures:
• Proper lockout/tagout (LOTO) practices and procedures safeguard
workers from the release of hazardous energy. Employers are also
required to train each worker to ensure that they know, understand,
and are able to follow the applicable provisions of the hazardous
energy control procedures. Workers must be trained in the purpose
and function of the energy control program and have the knowledge
and skills required for the safe application, usage and removal of the
energy control devices.
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures:
• All employees who work in an area where energy control
procedure(s) are utilized need to be instructed in the purpose and use
of the energy control procedure(s), especially prohibition against
attempting to restart or re-energize machines or other equipment
that are locked or tagged out.
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures:
• All employees who are authorized to lockout machines or equipment
and perform the service and maintenance operations need to be
trained in recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources in the
workplace, the type and magnitude of energy found in the workplace,
and the means and methods of isolating and/or controlling the
energy.
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures:
• Specific procedures and limitations relating to tagout systems where
they are allowed.
• Retraining of all employees to maintain proficiency or introduce new
or changed control methods.
Common OSHA LOTO violations:
To avoid incurring penalties for one of the most violated OSHA standard, safety supervisors
need to be aware of common OSHA lockout/tagout violations such as:
• Failure to identify and isolate all energy sources
• Failure to shutdown 
• Failure to de-energize
• Failure to drain residual energy
• Failure to provide lock out tag out training
• Failure to create equipment-specific LOTO procedures
• Failure to conduct periodic LOTO inspections
• Failure to establish a lockout tagout program
• Failure to develop and enforce a lock out tag out policy
Importance of LOTO Procedures
The use of lockout/tagout procedures is considered a critical aspect of
workplace safety in any occupational setting in which workers come into
direct contact with machinery or workplace equipment. Accidents which
can be prevented by LOTO procedures include:

• Electrical accidents
• Crushing
• Lacerations
• Fires and explosions
• Chemical exposure
Steps for safe LockOut/TagOut Program
1. Inform- tell employees that maintenance is required on a piece of
equipment and the equipment must be shut down and locked out
before starting the work.
2. Authorize- Make sure employees are aware of company lockout
procedures. Employees should identify energy sources, the hazards
of the energy source and the methods to control the energy.
3. Shutdown- If equipment is still in operation, shut it down using the
normal stopping procedures, i.e. turn power switch off, press stop
button, or close the valve.
Steps for safe LockOut/TagOut Program
4. Deactivate- Once shutdown is complete, disconnect equipment
from the power source.
5. Lockout- Lockout the power source that transmits energy to the
equipment. Employee’s assigned lock and tag should be used to
properly identify who is authorized.
6. Deplete- Check all residual energy has been drained from the
equipment, or that the equipment is in a controlled state.
Steps for safe LockOut/TagOut Program
7. Verify- During testing, check that no personnel are exposed in the
area. Also, confirm that the equipment and operation are non-
functional by attempting to power up the equipment. Power off
once equipment is confirmed to be inoperable. 
8. Restore- After maintenance is complete, operation can be restored.
Make sure equipment has proper components and that the working
area is clear/ Set controls to neutral. Only then, remove lockout
devices and bring back power to the equipment.
Risks and Consequences of not following LOTO standards 
• Not following LOTO protective measures can result in thermal burn accidents.
• Lack of LOTO electrical energy controls can result in severe shock and electrocution.
• Uncontrolled mechanical energy can result in amputations and fatalities.
In order to prevent or minimize the accidents in the workplace, small business owners should adopt
protective measures like LOTO to ensure safety in the workplace. It may involve some costs and
effort, but safety is always good business.
LOTO Devices
a. Lockout Padlocks
• Lockout tagout (LOTO) padlocks attach to lockout devices and hasps to prevent them from being removed so
equipment can't be reenergized while being serviced.

• Types of Lockout Padlocks

1. Non Conductive Plastic-Body Padlocks
2. Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum-Body Padlocks
3. Heavy-Duty Steel-Body Padlocks
4. Heavy-Duty Steel-Body Padlocks With A Flexible Cable Shackle
b. Electrical Lockout Devices
• Electrical lockout devices prevent power from being restored or equipment energized while it's being serviced. Power is shut off and the
lockout devices are applied to prevent equipment from being re-energized.

Types of Electrical Lockout Devices

1.  Battery Cable Lockouts
2. Circuit Breaker
3.  Electrical-Plug Lockouts
4. Electrical-Switch Lockouts
5. Push-Button Lockouts
6. Pendant-Control Lockouts
c. Valve Lockout
• Valve lockout devices prevent energy isolation valves from being opened while downstream pipe and
equipment are being worked on.

Types of Valve Lockout

1. Ball Valve Lockout Devices
2. Butterfly Valve Lockout Devices
3. Gate-Valve Lockout Devices
4. Universal Valve Lockout Devices
d. Cable Lockout Devices
• Cable lockout devices secure one or more power sources using a single padlock to prevent power from being
restored while equipment is serviced. A cable passes through switches or handles and is pulled tight.

Types of Cable Lockout Devices

1.  Retractable cable lockouts
2. Squeeze handles
3. Twist-lock cable lockouts
4. Cables
e. Steering Wheel Lockout Devices
• Steering wheel lockouts display a message that lets equipment operators know that the vehicle is being worked
on.

 f. Flange Lockout Devices

• Flange lockout devices cover bolts on pipeline flanges to prevent the flange from being opened while the pipeline
is under maintenance or repair.
g. Gas Cylinder Lockout Devices
• Gas cylinder lockout devices cover valve handles and handwheels to prevent access to the tank.

Types of Gas Cylinder Lockout Devices

1. Gas cylinder lockouts
2. Gas cylinder transport lockout devices
3. Propane-Fueled Forklift Lockouts
h. Pneumatic Lockout Devices
• Pneumatic lockout devices secure pneumatic fittings and regulators to ensure equipment can't be energized or
used while it's being serviced.

Types of Pneumatic Lockout Devices

1. Pneumatic Regulator Lockouts
2. Pneumatic Fitting Lockouts
i.  Lockout Hasps
• Lockout tagout (LOTO) hasps allow multiple technicians to each apply their own lock to prevent
accidentally energizing equipment during service.

Types of Lockout Hasps

• Standard LOTO Hasps
• Pry-Resistant LOTO Hasps
• High-Strength LOTO Hasps
• Labeled LOTO Hasps
• Dual-End LOTO Hasps
• Non Conductive Plastic LOTO Hasps
j. Group Lockout Boxes
• Group lockout boxes secure keys used to apply lockout padlocks to equipment as it's serviced.

Types of Group Lockout Boxes

• Portable Group Lockout Boxes
• Wall-Mounted Group Lockout Boxes install

k. Tagout Tags
• Tagout tags slide over the shackle of a padlock to alert workers that the equipment is locked out for service.
l. Lockout Stations & Kits
• Lockout stations and kits include a selection of lockout devices used as an integral part of a facility lockout/tagout
(LOTO) procedure designed to meet the OSHA standard for the Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout).

Types of Lockout Stations & Kits

1. Electrical lockout stations
2. Portable electrical lockout kits
3. Portable valve lockout kits
4. Electrical and valve lockout stations
5. Portable electrical and valve lockout kits
6. General lockout stations
7. Portable general lockout kits
8. Unfilled lockout stations
9. Portable unfilled lockout kits
m. Confined Space Covers
• Confined Space Safety Covers keep the crew covered and safe.

n. Inspection Timers
• Inspection timers visually indicate when equipment is due for service or inspection. LEDs change color to
indicate that an inspection is approaching or is due. Timers are reset after the inspection is complete.
Steps of LOTO Safety & Lockout/Tagout Procedures

A lockout/tagout procedure should include the following six steps:

1. Preparation 
• During the preparation phase, the authorized employee must investigate and gain a complete understanding of all types of hazardous energy that might be
controlled. In addition, it’s important to identify the specific hazards and of course means for controlling that energy.
2. Shutdown
• With planning complete, the actual process of powering down and locking out machines begins. At this point, it’s time to shut down the machine or
equipment that will be serviced or maintained. Another important part of this step is to inform any employee affected by the shutdown, even if they won’t
play a role in the service or maintenance.
3. Isolation
• The next step of the lockout/tagout procedure is to isolate the machine or equipment from any source of energy. This may mean any number of things, such
as turning off power at a breaker or shutting a valve.
4. Lockout/Tagout
• During this step, the authorized employee will attach lockout and/or tagout devices to each energy-isolating device. The point is to apply the lockout device
on the energy-isolating device in a way so it stays in the “safe” position and cannot be moved to the unsafe position except by the person performing the
lockout. Tagout refers to applying a tag on the device as well.
5. Stored Energy Check
• At this time, it’s important to look for any hazardous energy that’s been “stored” within the machine, or any “residual” energy. During this phase, any
potentially hazardous stored or residual energy must be relieved, disconnected, restrained, or made non-hazardous in some other way.
6.  Isolation Verification
• This last step is all about making sure. Yes, you’ve shut down the machines, isolated them from their source of power, locked them out, and checked for
hazardous stored energy. But now’s the time to double-check that you did it alright and it’s now safe to work on the machine or equipment. At this point, an
authorized employee verifies the machine has been properly isolated and de-energized.
LOTO Training and Procedures

a. OSHA requires that LOTO safety training cover at least the following three areas:
1. How each employee’s specific position relates to the LOTO training
2. The LOTO procedure relevant to each employee’s duties and position
3. The various requirements of OSHA’s LOTO standard, which are identified within your LOTO program
The process of identifying the kinds of energies that pose a threat to your employees, implementing and training
on LOTO procedures to ensure that energies are controlled during maintenance or service, and retraining
employees in order to maintain proficiency are all necessary for a successful hazardous energy control program.
A successful Hazardous Energy Control Program must include training. In order to ensure that energies are
regulated during maintenance or service, this training should include machine-specific LOTO methods, as well
as retraining to maintain proficiency.
b. Lockout/tagout Refresher Training
• OSHA Standard 29 CFR
Training must :
• Be provided for all authorized and affected employees whenever a change in job assignments or a change in machines, equipment
or processes present a new hazard, or when there is a change in the energy control procedures;
• Be conducted whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or whenever the employer has reason to believe, that there are deviations
from or inadequacies in the employees knowledge or use of the energy control procedures; and
• Reestablish employee proficiency and introduce new or revised control methods and procedures, as necessary.
Purpose of Training
• This training reviews some of the key elements of lockout/tagout that are necessary for all employees to understand whether the
employee is authorized, affected or works in an area where energy control procedures may be utilized.
4 Types of Employees
• Lockout/tagout involves three types of employees with different levels of responsibility:
1. Authorized
2. Affected
3. Other
 SUMMARY
1) Introduction to Electrical Safety
2) Identifying the Hazards
3) OSHA Requirements
4) Safety Related Work Practices
5) Working On or Near Live Parts
6) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
7) Rule 1210 Electrical Safety
8) Introduction to LOTO (Lock-Out Tag-Out)
9) Different LOTO Devices
10) Steps of LOTO Safety and Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures
11) LOTO Trainings and Procedures