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HARDWARE

A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and provides output. It uses binary digits (0s and 1s) and works with a power supply. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output ports, and peripherals. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. The motherboard connects and allows communication between all internal components. Primary storage includes RAM and ROM, while secondary storage includes hard drives, optical drives, and solid state drives. Processors perform calculations and logical functions. Common processor manufacturers are Intel and AMD.

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S Naresh Rao
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31 views

HARDWARE

A computer is an electronic device that takes input, processes it, and provides output. It uses binary digits (0s and 1s) and works with a power supply. The main components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output ports, and peripherals. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. The motherboard connects and allows communication between all internal components. Primary storage includes RAM and ROM, while secondary storage includes hard drives, optical drives, and solid state drives. Processors perform calculations and logical functions. Common processor manufacturers are Intel and AMD.

Uploaded by

S Naresh Rao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a computer ?

• A Computer is an electronic device which takes input through input

devices, processes it and gives output through output devices.

• It also stores data for further processing.

• Computer works with 0’s & 1’s (Binary).

• Like all electronic devices a computer works with DC power supply.


Block diagram of a computer

CPU
ALU

Control Output
Input Unit
Unit unit

Memory
Components of a computer

• Motherboard
• Processor
• Primary Storage Devices
– RAM (Random Access Memory)
– ROM (Read Only Memory)
• Secondary Storage Devices
– HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
– Optical Drives (CDROM, DVD, etc)
– Floppy Disk drive
• SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)
• Input Devices
– Keyboard
– Mouse
• Output Devices
– Monitor
Processors

• It is the brain of a computer


• It is a semi-conductor device
• It contains the complete CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a single chip

• It performs Arithmetic and logical functions


Processor Specifications

• Speed (measured in Hz (Hertz))

• Width (measured in bits, Ex: 64bits)

• FSB Speed (Front Side Bus) (measured in Hz)

• Cache memory (measured in Kbytes/Mbytes)


Specifications
Processor Manufacturers

• Intel

• AMD(Advanced Micro Devices)


Intel Core i3, Core i5 & Core i7
Server Processors
PRIMARY STORAGE
DEVICES
Primary Storage Classification

PRIMARY STORAGE

RAM ROM

Static RAM Dynamic RAM


Cache Location
Dynamic RAM(Random Access Memory)

• Primary storage for a Computer

• It is a volatile memory (requires power to store the data).


Types of Dynamic-Ram

DDR2-RAMS(Double data rate) DDR3-RAMS(Double data rate)


240 pins 240 pins.

DDR4-RAMS(Double data rate)


288 pins.
Notch Comparison
DDR4
Laptop RAM
ROM(Read Only Memory)

– Integrated circuits that are used to permanently store start-up (boot)

instructions and other critical information.

– EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)


BIOS (Basic input output system)

• During the boot up it performs POST(Power On Self Test)

• Recognizes the hardware devices


• Locates and loads the operating system

• It helps the operating system to access the hardware devices

Bios chip
Motherboard

• It is the main circuit board of a Computer .


• It controls all the physical devices and components that are
connected directly or indirectly.

• CPU, RAM, Hard-disk, Expansion cards are connected to it

• Motherboard comes in different form-factors.


MBTX Motherboard
Server Motherboard
Server Motherboard
Components on the motherboard

• Processor slot/socket
• Memory Slots
• Expansion Slots
• I/O Ports
• Chipsets
• IDE / SATA Connectors
• CMOS Battery
• Power Supply connector
• Heat Sink
• Front Panel Connectors
Expansion & Reserved slots

• PCI (Peripheral component interconnect)

• PCI EXPRESS
Input / Output (I/O) PORTS
Chipsets

• NORTH BRIDGE:
– It controls the processor
and RAM (high speed devices)
– It is placed near to the processor
– It also contains graphic processor
– It is also called as GMCH
(Graphic Memory Controller Hub)
• SOUTH BRIDGE :
– It control low speed devices like I/O ports, slots etc
– It is placed near to the slots
– It is also called as IOCH
(Input Output Controller Hub)
CMOS Battery

• CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) RAM is used to


store the date, time, and system configuration
• Battery which powers this memory is called as CMOS Battery
SMPS
Server SMPS
Testing
Secondary Storage Devices

• Magnetic storage devices


- Hard disk
- Tape drive ( for backup)

• Optical storage devices


– Compact Disc(CD)
– Digital Versatile Disc(DVD)
– Blu Ray Disc(BRD)

• Flash storage devices


– Pen Drive
– Memory Card
– SSD (Solid State Drive)
Tracks & Sectors
SATA Hard Disk Connectors

POWER JUMPERS
S ATA
SCSI
SCSI Connector
SCSI Cable
Server Hard Drive
Hard Drive Tray caddy
Server Rack

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