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Class 8 Chap 4 Metals and Non Metals

This document discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. It begins by defining metals and non-metals, and their key physical differences such as lustre, hardness, conductivity. It then examines specific physical properties in more detail. Next it explores the chemical properties of both groups when reacting with oxygen, water, acids and bases. Common reactions are given as examples. Finally it discusses some common uses of metals and non-metals in everyday life and technology.

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Ancy david
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183 views

Class 8 Chap 4 Metals and Non Metals

This document discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. It begins by defining metals and non-metals, and their key physical differences such as lustre, hardness, conductivity. It then examines specific physical properties in more detail. Next it explores the chemical properties of both groups when reacting with oxygen, water, acids and bases. Common reactions are given as examples. Finally it discusses some common uses of metals and non-metals in everyday life and technology.

Uploaded by

Ancy david
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 4

OBJECTIVES

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON-


METALS
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON –
METALS
• USES OF METALS AND NON- METALS
Everything around us are categorized into

METALS NON - METALS


METALS

Those materials
which possess the
characterisitcs of
being hard, shiny,
malleable ,ductile
etc are termed as
metals.
NON - METALS
Substances which are
dull, i.e., non-lustrous,
non-sonorous, non-
ductile, non-malleable
and poor conductor of
heat and electricity
are called non-
metals. 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
AND NON - METALS
• Physical State
• Lustre
• Hardness
• Malleability
• Ductility
• Conductivity
• Sonority
PHYSICAL STATE
• Metals: Almost all metals are solid at room
temperature.Mercury and Gallium are exception as they are
liquid in room temperature.
• Non – metals : Almost all non –metals are solid or gases at room
temperature. Bromine is an exception as it exits in liquid form.
HARDNESS
• Metals: Almost all metals are hard. Sodium, Potassium
are soft and can be cut with knife. Metals like Gold and
aluminium are not very hard.
• Non – metals: They are soft. Diamond is an exception.
LUSTROUS
• Metals: Most of the metals are shiny in appearance. E.g.
Gold, Silver and Platinum.
• Non – metals: They have dull surface.Iodine and graphite
show some lustre.
MALLEABILITY
• Metals: They can be beaten into thin sheets. E.g. Gold,
Aluminium etc.
• Non – metals: They are brittle and cannot be beaten into
sheets or foils.
DUCTIITY
• Metals: They can be drawn into thin wires.E.g. Copper,
Aluminium etc.
• Non – metals: They cannot be beaten into thin wires.
SONOROUS
• Metals: When struck, they produce a ringing
sound.
• Non – metals: They are non- sonorous.
CONDUCTIVITY
• Metals: They are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
• Non – metals: They are bad conductors of heat and
electricity.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
AND NON - METALS
• Reaction with Oxygen
• Reaction with Water
• Reaction with Acids
• Reaction with Bases
• Displacement Reactions
REACTION WITH OXYGEN
METALS: Most metals combine with oxygen to form metal
oxides. Metallic oxides are basic in nature and turns red
litmus to blue.
Metals + Oxygen Metal Oxide

E.g. Iron reacts with oxygen to form Iron Oxide


• Sodium is very reactive. It reacts vigorously with
oxygen to form sodium oxide. As a result it catches
fire if left in open. It is therefore kept immersed in
kerosene.

• Magnesium on heating burns in air with dazzling


white light to form magnesium oxide.
NON – METALS: Non – metals combine with oxygen to
form non – metallic oxides. These are acidic oxides and
blue litmus to red.
Non – metal + Oxygen Non – metallic oxide

E.g. Carbon burms in air to form carbondioxide


• Sulphur burns in air to form a pungent, suffocating
gas called sulphurdioxide.

• These oxides dissolves in water to form acids of


Carbonic acid and Sulphurous acid.
REACTION WITH WATER
METALS: Most metals react with water to produce a metal
hydroxide or metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
Metal + Water Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
OR
Metal + Water Metal oxide + Hydrogen gas
• Metals such as copper, Silver, and gold do not react with
water under any conditions. Iron reacts with water
slowly.

NON- METALS: Non – metals do ot react with water


though they may be very reactive in air.Such non – metal
are stored in water.
E.g., Phosphorus is a very reactive non – metal. It catches
fire if exposed to air. To prevent the contact of
phosphorus with atmospheric oxygen, it is stored in
water.
REACTION WITH ACIDS
METALS: When metal reacts with an acid , a salt and
hydrogen gas are produced.
Metal + Acid Salt + Hydrogen gas

The hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. With some metals ,the
reaction is very fast and vigorous, while others may be slow and
some do not react at all.
• Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid
even on heating but it reacts with sulphuric acid.

NON- METALS: Non – metals do not react with acid.


REACTION WITH BASES
METALS: Most metals does not react with bases.
Only few, such as aluminium,zinc, and lead react
with solutions like sodium hydroxide to produce a
compund and a hydrogen gas.

NON – METALS: Reaction with non - metals are


complex.
DISPLACEMENT REACTION
• The chemical reaction in which more reactive element
displaces less reactive element from its salt solution is
called displacement reaction.
• Zinc + Copper sulphate Zinc sulphate + Copper

• Zinc being more reactive displaces copper.


USES OF METALS AND NON - METALS
• Metals are used in making machinery, automobiles,
aeroplanes, trains, satellite,industrial gadgets, cooking
utensils,water boilers etc.
• Non – metal like oxygen is essential for our life which all
living beings inhale during breathing.
• Non metals like nitrogen are used in fertilizers to enhance
growth of plants and chlorine used in water purification
process.
• Non – metal iodine is used in the purple coloures solution
which is applied on wounds as an antiseptic and some
metals like phosphorus are used as crackers.
EXERCISES
Give reasons:
(a) Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items.
Aluminium foils are used to wrap food items because it is
highly malleable metal, and it can be easily beaten in sheets to
make its foil for wrapping purposes as it does not react with
food.
(b) Immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic
substances.
Immersion rods are made up of metallic substances because
metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They get
hot very soon on the passage of electric current and warm the
water.
(c) Copper cannot displace zinc from its salt solution.
 Copper is less reactive than zinc. So, it cannot displace
zinc from its solution.
(d) Sodium and potassium are stored in kerosene.
 Sodium and potassium are highly reactive and reacts
with atmospheric oxygen and catches fire. Hence, they
are stored in kerosene.
7. Can you store the lemon pickle in an aluminium
utensil? Explain.

No, we cannot store lemon pickle in an aluminium


utensil because aluminium is a metal and metals
readily react with acids to produce hydrogen. When
aluminium comes in contact with lemon, which is
acidic, would react to give hydrogen and the pickles
will be spoiled.
9. What happens when
(a) Dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate?
(b) Iron nails are placed in a copper sulphate solution?
Write word equations of the reactions involved.

(a) No reaction will take place because copper is very less


reactive.
(b) Iron being more reactive than copper will replace copper
from its solution and brown coating of copper is deposited on the
iron nails. Also, the blue colour turns green.

Iron + Copper sulphate (solution) → Iron sulphate (solution) + Copper


Q10. ANS
Charcoal on burning produces carbondioxide gas, it can
be tested through lime water. The colourless solution
turns to white in colour.
(i) Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide
(ii) Carbon dioxide + Calcium hydroxide(lime water) →
calcium carbonate (white) + Water
Q11. ANS
The gold jewellery is dipped into an acidic solution called
aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric
acid) for polishing. On dipping the gold jewellery in the
acid solution, the outer layer of gold dissolves and the
inner shiny layer appears. This causes a slight loss in its
weight.

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