Plumbing

Terminologies
Air Gap
An air gap in a water supply system, is the unobstructed
vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the
lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a
tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim
of the receptacle

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Back Flow
▪ Is the flow of water or other liquid into the distributing pipes
from any source

▪ Cause of backflow is back pressure

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Back Siphonage
▪ Refers to the back flow used contaminated or polluted water due
to a negative pressure in such a pipe

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Battery of Fixture
▪ Refers to any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures
which discharges into a common horizontal waste pipe or
soil branch

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Bib
▪ Is synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc

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Blind Flange
▪ a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening
for the passage of water.

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Branch Interval
▪ Is the length of a soil or waste stack corresponding in
general to a storey height, but in no case less than 2.40 M

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Branch Vent
▪ Is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a
vent stack or stack vent

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Caulking
▪ Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials,
that are pounded into the place or opening

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Circuit Vent
▪ Is a branch vent that serves two or more traps, and extends from the
front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent
stack

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Combination Fixtures
▪ Is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two or three compartment
sink or tray in one vent

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COMBINATION WASTE & VENT SYSTEM
▪ Is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the
horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains

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Cross Connection
▪ Is a physical connection between two otherwise separate piping
system, one contains potable water, and the other from unknown
source

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Dead end
▪ Or dead leg. Is the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end
permitting the stagnation of water or air therein

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Development length
▪ The length along the center of the pipe and fitting

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Diameter
▪ Diameter of a pipe or tube refers to the nominal internal diameter (ID)
of such pipe

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Drainage System
▪ All piping within the public and private premises that conveys sewage,
rainwater, or other liquid waste, to a legal point of disposal

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Dry Vent
▪ A vent that does not carry water or water borne waste

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Effective Opening
▪ Is the minimum cross sectional area at the point of water supply
discharge, measured or expressed in terms of diameter of a circle

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Fixture Branch
▪ Is a pipe connecting several fixtures

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Fixture Units
▪ Is a quantity in terms if which the load producing effects on the
plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed
on some arbitrarily chosen scale

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Fixture Unit Flow Rate
▪ Is the total discharge flow in gallons per minute of a simple fixture

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Flood level
▪ It’s a device located inside the tank for the purpose of maintaining
water level for effective flushing of the pipe

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Ferrule
▪ A metallic sleeve called or otherwise joined to an opening in pipe into
which a plug is screwed that can be removed for the purpose of
cleaning or examining the interior pipe

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Flushometer Valve
▪ Is a device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to the
fixture for flushing purposes activated by direct water pressure

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Grade
▪ Is a slope or fall of pipe

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Group Vent
▪ A branch vent that performs its function for two or more traps

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Grease Trap
▪ a grease trap is a receptacle into which wastewater containing FOG
flows through before entering a drainage system. The receptacle is
designed to intercept or "trap" the FOG while allowing clear water to
escape. Grease trap installed under a sink.

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Horizontal Pipe
▪ Means any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of more than 45
degree with the vertical

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Invert Level
▪ Is the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not
vertical

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Looped Vent
▪ Is the same as circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with
the stack vent of a vent stack

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Lateral
▪ in plumbing, it is a secondary pipe.

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Main Sewer
▪ Is a sewer line or system directly controlled by public authority.

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Plumbing fixtures
▪ Are installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied
with water, or which receives or discharge liquid borne waste

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Potable water
▪ Potable water is the water that flows out of your taps, including your
kitchen and bathroom sinks, showers and bathtubs. This is the water
you use for cooking, bathing and cleaning. This water is clean and
safe because it has been treated at your local municipal water
treatment plant.

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P-trap
▪ It traps debris that has drained from the sink and prevents it from
forming a clog deep within the plumbing system, and to stops sewer
gases from passing into the home. P-traps can be made from PVC
pipe or steel, the latter is often used for exposed plumbing as it looks
more attractive

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Relief Vent
▪ a relief vent’s primarily function is to provide circulation of air between
drainage and vent systems

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Re-vent Pipe
▪ (individual pipe) is that part of the vent pipeline which connects directly
with an individual waste or group of wastes underneath or back of the
fixture

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Return Bend
▪ An open return bend usually with inside threads, but applied also 180
degree bend in pipe

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Sanitary Sewage
▪ The sewage containing human excrement and liquid household waste.
It is also called domestic waste.

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Sanitary Sewer
▪ A sewer intended to received to receive sanitary sewage with or
without industrial wastes and without the admixture of surface water,
storm water or drainage

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Siamese Connection
▪ Is a Y connection used on fire lines so that two lines of hose maybe
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle

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Standpipe
▪ A vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under
pressure

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Side Vent
▪ Is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not
greater than 45 degree or to the vertical

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Soil Pipe
▪ Is any pipe that coveys the discharge of water closets or fixture having
the similar functions, with or without the discharge from other fixtures
to the building

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Stack
▪ Is the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or
vent pipe

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Stack Vent
▪ Is the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal
drain connected to the stack (waste vent/soil vent)

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Stack Venting
▪ It is a method of venting a fixture or fixture through the soil or waste
stack

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Subsoil Drain
▪ Are underground drain pipes that receive sub-surface or seepage
water only and convey it to a place of disposal

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Sump
▪ A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid waste are drained

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Trap
▪ Is a fitting or device so designed as to provide when properly vented a
liquid seal that will prevent back passage of air without materially
affecting the flow of sewage through it

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Trap Seal
▪ Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that trap will retain, measured
between the crown weir and top of the dip of the trap

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Vent Stack
▪ Is a pipe or pipes installed in a vertical to provide a flow or circulation
of air to different parts of the drainage system

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Vent System
▪ Is a pipe or pipes installed to provide flow or circulation of air within the
plumbing system to protect trap seals siphoning and back pressure

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Vertical Pipe
▪ Is a pipe installed in a vertical position or at an angle of not more than
45 degree with the vertical

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Waste Pipe
▪ a pipe to take excess or used water away, as from a sink to a drain.

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Wet Vent
▪ A vent that receives the discharge of waste other than from water
closets.

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Yoke Vent
▪ means a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent
stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stack.

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