INTELLIGENCE

COLLECTION
TECHNIQUES
LESSON 3
COURSE: FUNDAMENTALS OF INTELLIGENCE

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Lesson 3: Collection
 Describe the different sources of information and enhance
information collection
 Describe the importance of informant handling and management to
enhance the intelligence network in support of the collection effort
 Apply the different method of collection of information to develop
intelligence capability
 Develop effective and efficient informants
 Discover the importance of the subject with regards to Values,
Professionalism, Administration, Governance and Leadership
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 Topics  Collection

Lesson 3: Collection
 Intelligence Collection Plans
 Collection Disciplines
 Ethical Issues in Collection

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 The Collection  Directed at gathering raw

Lesson 3: Collection
information to fill intelligence gaps
Stage related to the requirements
 Organized by an intelligence
collection plan

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 Intelligence  What sources of information might

Lesson 3: Collection
fill the gaps?
Collection Plan
 Who will get this information?
 By when is the information needed?

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 Why Construct a  Budget issues

Lesson 3: Collection
Collection Plan?  Too much information
 Difficulty finding the relevant
information
 Competition among collection
priorities

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 Constructing a 1. Review the requirements

Lesson 3: Collection
2. Specify the information needed to fill
Collection Plan the conceptual model
3. Assess current holdings of
information for relevance to the
requirements
4. Identify areas where more
information is needed
5. Document needed information in the
collection plan
6. Identify the person/group responsible
for collection and a due date
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 Intelligence Collection Plan Example
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN EXAMPLE

Module 7: Collection
Point of

Lesson 3: Collection
Source (s) Method Date Due Date Received Format Comments
Contact
I. Information Category
A. Indicator
B. Indicator
C. Indicator
D. Indicator
E. Indicator

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 Updating the  Assess progress of collection effort

Lesson 3: Collection
Collection Plan o What items have been collected?
o What items are still required?
 Re-task assets to unsatisfied
information needs

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 Collection  Imagery Intelligence

Lesson 3: Collection
Disciplines  Signals Intelligence
 Measurement and Signatures
Intelligence
 Human Intelligence
 Open Source Intelligence

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 Imagery  Includes both overhead and ground

Lesson 3: Collection
imagery
Intelligence

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 Types of Imagery Intelligence
 Visible Light (Film or Digital)

Module 3:
Lesson
 Electro-Optical

7: Collection
 Multi-spectral
 Infrared
 Radar Infrared

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Radar
Source: NASA
Free or Commercial Imagery Sources
 Google Earth and

Lesson 3: Collection
Google Maps
 Digital Globe
 TerraServer
 GeoEye

Source: Google Earth

Lesson 3: Collection
of imagery intelligence?
Questions
2. What are some of the
disadvantages of imagery
intelligence?

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 Signals  Includes information derived from

Lesson 3: Collection
intercepted communications and
Intelligence signals

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 Examples of  Streaming Internet

Lesson 3: Collection
Signals Intelligence  Voice-Over-Internet Provider
(VoIP)
 Chat rooms
 Radio signals
 E-mail

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 Examples of Signals  Text messages

Lesson 3: Collection
Intelligence (cont’d)  Instant messaging
 Satellite interceptions
 Phone conversations
 Digital signals made by
technological devices

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 Discussion 1. What are some of the advantages

Lesson 3: Collection
of signals intelligence?
Questions
2. What are some of the
disadvantages of signals
intelligence?

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 Measurement and  Analyzed technical information

Lesson 3: Collection
that results in investigative
Signatures
information that detects, tracks,
Intelligence identifies, or describes the
distinctive characteristics of target
sources

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 Discussion 1. What are some of the advantages

Lesson 3: Collection
of measurements and signatures
Questions intelligence?
2. What are some of the
disadvantages of measurements
and signatures intelligence?

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 Human  Information obtained from

Lesson 3: Collection
individuals who know or have
Intelligence access to information that has
implications for law enforcement
interests

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 Types of

Lesson 3: Collection
Human Sources

 Officers
 Informants
 Observers

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Human Source Acquisition Cycle

Lesson 3: Collection
Managing
Spotting Assessing Recruiting Handling Terminating
Information

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  Crime reports
Sources of Human

Lesson 3: Collection
 Arrest reports
Intelligence
 Field interview reports
 Sex offender registration records
 Traffic citations
 Booking reports
 Criminal history

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 Sources of Human  Dispatch records

Lesson 3: Collection
Intelligence (cont’d)  Investigation reports
 Crime scene and evidence reports
 Property records
 Victim/witness interviews
 Offender interrogations

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 Sources of Human  Other law enforcement agencies

Lesson 3: Collection
Intelligence (cont’d)  Other criminal justice agencies
 Other governmental licensing or
registering agencies
 International law enforcement
agencies

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 Discussion 1. What are some of the advantages

Lesson 3: Collection
of human intelligence?
Questions
2. What are some of the
disadvantages of human
intelligence?

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  Any type of lawfully and ethically
Open Source

Lesson 3: Collection
obtainable information that describes
Intelligence persons, locations, groups, events, or
trends that is gathered from publicly
available sources

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 Examples of Open  All types of media

Lesson 3: Collection
Source Intelligence  Publicly available data bases
 Open discussions, whether in
forums, classes, presentations,
online discussion on bulletin
boards, blogs, chat rooms, or
general conversations

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 Examples of Open  Databases of people, places, and

Lesson 3: Collection
Source Intelligence events
(cont’d)  Government reports and
documents
 Scientific research reports
 Statistical databases
 Commercial vendors of
information
 Websites

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 Value of Open  Some decision makers mistake

Lesson 3: Collection
secrecy for intelligence and assume
Source Intelligence that information covertly acquired
is superior to that obtained openly
 Open sources can often equal or
surpass classified or law
enforcement-sensitive information

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 Discussion 1. What are some of the advantages

Lesson 3: Collection
of open source intelligence?
Questions
2. What are some of the
disadvantages of open source
intelligence?

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 Ethics in  Focus intelligence collection plans

Lesson 3: Collection
on the requirements
Collection
 Respect legal and human rights
 Ensure that all information
collection is for official law
enforcement purposes

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 Ethical Collection

Lesson 3: Collection
Person or group is
believed to be
OR Person or group
is believed to be
involved in criminal
a threat to
activity now or in
public safety
the near future

AND
Law enforcement agency follows all
departmental, legal, and human rights policies
and procedures governing collection
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 Unethical  Collection is unethical when person

Lesson 3: Collection
or group is targeted because of:
Collection o Characteristics such as gender, sexual
orientation, political beliefs, religion,
race, or ethnicity
o Support for an unpopular cause

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 Unethical  Collection is unethical when:

Lesson 3: Collection
o Person or group is not suspected of
Collection being involved
(cont’d) in criminal activity or does not pose a
threat to
the community
o Information is collected in violation of
agency, legal, and human rights
policies and procedures

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 Discussion 1. What laws govern the ethical

Lesson 3: Collection
collection of information in your
Questions country?
2. What are your agency’s policies
on ethical collection?

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Module Summary
Requirements

Lesson 3: Collection
Dissemination Direction & Planning

The Intelligence
Feedback Process Feedback

Analysis &
Collection
Production

Feedback

Processing,
Organizing, &
Evaluating
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End of Presentation