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Conditionals

This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English: 1. It provides examples of zero, first, second, and third conditional sentences to describe general, possible future, unlikely past, and impossible past situations. 2. It then explains mixed conditional sentences that refer to unreal present situations and their unreal past results. Examples of both Type 1 and Type 2 mixed conditionals are given. 3. The document also discusses inversion in conditional sentences using the auxiliary verbs "were", "had", and "should" to change the normal subject-verb order for emphasis or formality. 4. Finally, it lists some common alternatives to using "if" to introduce conditional clauses, such as

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Olena Pylat
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24 views

Conditionals

This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English: 1. It provides examples of zero, first, second, and third conditional sentences to describe general, possible future, unlikely past, and impossible past situations. 2. It then explains mixed conditional sentences that refer to unreal present situations and their unreal past results. Examples of both Type 1 and Type 2 mixed conditionals are given. 3. The document also discusses inversion in conditional sentences using the auxiliary verbs "were", "had", and "should" to change the normal subject-verb order for emphasis or formality. 4. Finally, it lists some common alternatives to using "if" to introduce conditional clauses, such as

Uploaded by

Olena Pylat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALL CONDITIONALS

0. If it rains, the grass gets wet.


General time reference.

1. If it rains today, you will get wet (you don’t have an umbrella).
This is still possible to happen.

2. If it rained, you would get wet.


But the sky is blue. This is unlikely to happen.

3. If it had rained yesterday, you would have got wet.


But it didn’t rain, so you didn’t get wet.(past situation)
A bit of rephrasing…
a) I’m not rich so I don’t travel a lot. => If I…
If I were rich, I’d travel a lot.
b) She didn’t wake up early, so she missed the train. =>
If she the train.
If she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train.
c) I didn’t call you because I came back really late. =>
I earlier.
I would have called you if I had come back earlier.
d) He doesn’t have a job, that’s why he can’t buy a house. =>
If he …
If he had a job, he would be able to buy a house.
e) He had that terrible accident because he wasn’t careful. =>
If he accident.
If he had been careful, he wouldn’t have had that terrible accident.
e) I didn’t work hard, so I didn’t pass the exam. =>
If I the exam.
If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exam.
f) They can’t live in this country because they can’t find a job here. =>They a job here.
They’d live in this country if they found a job here.
g) Visiting Israel won’t be possible without a visa. =>
Unless you Israel.
Unless you have a visa, you won’t be able to visit Israel / it will be impossible to visit
Israel.
Mixed Conditional
Type 1
If I wasn't afraid of
flying, I would have
visited you in
California a long time
ago. (but I’m afraid)
IF + past simple, would + have + V3
present condition, past result

*We use Type 1 Mixed Conditionals to talk about


past result of a present situation.
Mixed Conditional Type 1
These mixed conditional sentences refer to an unreal present situation and its unreal past result.
If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.
If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them for lunch. ( but I didn’t)
If she had enough money, she could have gone on a trip to Hawaii.
If she had enough money, she could have bought a new car long ago. If you were better at speaking in public, the presentation

would have been more successful, but you messed it up.


If you weren't so blind to his faults, you would have realised that he was going to deceive you. (but you were deceived)
If I spoke better English, I could have got the job. (but I don't speak English well enough, so I didn‘t get the job)
Mixed Conditional
B) Type 2
 If
you had recorded the show last
night, we would watch it now.
B) Mixed Conditional Type 2

PAST PRESENT

 If she hadn’t missed the plane yesterday, she would be here in Bristol now. (but she isn’t)
 If you had been careful yesterday, you wouldn’t be in hospital today. (but s/he is in hospital now)
 If he had checked the map before the trip, he wouldn’t be lost. (but we are lost)
 If I had taken my umbrella this morning, I wouldn’t get wet now. (but we got wet)
 If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now. (but I have)
Inversion in Conditional Sentences
Inversion in Conditional Sentences
 Inversion is a technique of reversing the
normal order of words especially placing a
verb before its subject. We use inversion

 in formal language
 mostly in writing
 in literature and poems
 to create special effect
Inversion in Conditional Sentences
 We can use inversion in sentences with the auxiliary
verbs WERE, HAD and SHOULD

 WERE, HAD and SHOULD can be used without IF


by moving the auxiliary verb in front of the subject.

 *Note that SHOULD in these types of sentences


doesn’t imply obligation.
INVERSION
If I had known that it was closed, I wouldn’t have come to the store.

Had I known that it was closed, I wouldn’t have come to the store.

 If it were my photograph, I wouldn’t let anyone publish it.


When using inversion, we don’t use
contractions with negatives in the
 Were it my photograph, I wouldn’t let anyone publish it. dependent clauses:

 If you ever need assistance, don’t hesitate to call.  If I hadn’t told the police the
truth, an innocent person would
have been arrested.
 Should you ever need assistance, don't hesitate to call  Had I not told the police the
truth, an innocent person would
have been arrested.
INVERSION
Alternatives to IF
 I won’t tell you what happened unless you promise to keep it secret.
 You can go with us provided/providing (that) you pay for your own
meals.
 Imagine you were taking an important exam on Monday, what would you
do the weekend before?
 Suppose/Supposing someone published your private message on
Facebook, would you be angry?

 Imagine you had a money tree growing in your backyard,


 how would you feel?
Alternatives to IF
Alternatives to IF
Alternatives to IF
Alternatives to IF

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