NAME:- PURVA CHAUDHARI

DIV:-A
ROLL N0:-12
CLASS:-FYBMS
SEMESTER:-I
SUBJECT:-FOUNDATION COURSE

PRESENTED BY:-1) AARCHI MAYEKAR ROLL NO:-51

2) PURVA CHAUDHARI ROLL NO:-12
3) PRIYADARSHINI NAIIR ROLL NO:-57

SUBMITTED TO:- PROF. TABASSUM SHEIKH

SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 INTRODUCTION
 Substance abuse, or drug abuse, happens when a person
uses a drug over and over again, in ways that hurt their
health. The person is using the drug to change their mood
 or to feel better, not for any healthy reason. Sometimes
when the person uses the drug for a long time, they will
start to act differently. Some of the drugs are illegal to
have or use, or can have certain limits that the person
does not follow. Someone who thinks that they need a
drug is called an addict.
 WHAT IS SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
 Substance abuse can have different symptoms in different
people.[1] “Drug abuse” is not used in the DSM or ICD. In
the DSM, the term “substance abuse” is used instead to
mean the misuse of one of ten different types of drugs.  A
person can also become dependent on drugs.[2] Repetitive
use of a drug can cause dependence as well as tolerance.
Tolerance happens when it takes more of a drug to
produce the same effect than a previous time.
 The term “drug misuse” is sometimes used when the drug
being used is a prescription medication that are classified
as sedatives (medicines that make someone
calm), anxiolytics ( make someone less worried or
anxious), analgesics (medicines that reduce pain),
or stimulants (medicines that give someone more energy).
[3] Someone who abuses there drugs may have to illegally
buy them from someone who gets them from doctor.
 Not everyone agrees on the definition of substance abuse.
Different countries have different rules for what is a drug
and what drugs are illegal. People also do not agree about
what is abuse. In most Western countries, one glass of
wine is acceptable, but drinking more than one bottle at
once is abuse. To some people, any drinking can be seen
as abuse. In the United States, any use of marijuana.
WHAT CAUSES PEOPLE TO ABUSE
SUBSTANCES?
 In many cases, when a person is using drugs, their thinking
and behaviors change. Sometimes, they commit crimes
 while using drugs. They may do things that are not safe,
like drive a car while drunk. When people abuse drugs
over a longer time, their personalities often change as
well. The people who abuse drugs are often addicted.
Since many of these drugs are illegal, very often drug
users have problems with the law.
 There are two major ideas about why people abuse drugs.[4] Many
people believe that both can be true for different cases or with
different people, which is one reason why different treatments work
better or worse for different people.
 The second major idea is that drug use is a habit that becomes
harmful. It is always very hard to stop bad habits, but in this idea,
drugs are one of the strongest bad habits because drugs cause so
many changes in the brain. Each time a person uses drugs, the parts
of the brain that think about drugs become stronger and stronger. In
this idea, if a person likes drugs, that person starts to plan their day
around using drugs. To stop a habit as strong as drug use, many other
things about that person's life must also change. This idea also means
that, the longer a person takes drugs, the harder it is for them to stop
taking drugs.
 One idea about why people use drugs is because of
their genes. When a person's parents or grandparents have
been addicted to drugs, alcohol, cigarettes or even
coffee, the same genes that made them become addicted
could be passed down to any of their children. When
someone is born with the genes that increase addiction, it
causes their brain and body to become dependent on
drugs very quickly. But even if a person's genes make it
easier for them to become addicted to drugs, that person
still need to try a drug first, before they can become
addicted on it. This idea also means that different people
can have harder or easier time stopping drugs after they
are already addicted.
WHAT KIND OF DRUGS ARE ABUSED?
 Illegal drugs
 Some of the most commonly abused illegal drugs are:[5]
 Cocaine, including crack cocaine
 Heroin
 Marijuana
 MDMA (also called Ecstasy or Molly)
 Methamphetamine (also called meth), including crystal methamphetamine
 Synthetic cannabinoids (a man-made drug that includes the main chemical in
marijuana; also called K2 or Spice)
 Legal drugs and medicines
 Some of the most commonly abused legal drugs and medicines are:[5]
 Alcohol
 Nicotine (the drug in cigarettes)
 Over-the-counter cough and cold medicines that include 
dextrometorphan (DMX)
 Prescription opioids (strong painkillers), like oxycodone, hydrocodone,
and methadone
 Prescription sedatives (drugs that make people feel relaxed or sleepy),
like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and sleep medicines
 Prescription stimulants (drugs that make people feel more awake and
have more energy), like medicines used for ADHD
 TREATING SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Treatment of substance abuse can include both therapy and medicine.

Therapy for substance abuse helps people not use drugs when they feel they
need to. For children and young adults, both the child and the family may
have therapy . The child will learn how to not abuse, and the family will learn
how to help the child. The organization Alcoholics Anonymous helps people
with alcohol abuse.

For some kinds of substance abuse, medicine can be used to help.Some of
these medicines, such as methadone, stop the drug from working in the brain.
Other medicines can cause people to feel ill if they use the substance that
they abuse. Some medicines, like bupropion, makes people stop wanting the
drug so much.
 Many substances can cause withdrawal. Withdrawal is
group of bad feelings that happen when someone stops
taking a drug suddenly, if they were regularly taking that
drug before. For someone to have withdrawal, they must
be dependent on the drug. Different drugs cause different
things to happen during withdrawal. They can also cause
different amounts of trouble for the person in withdrawal.
Withdrawal for some drugs, like heroin and other opiates,
can be dangerous or deadly, and should be done with a
doctor or nurse taking care of the person in withdrawal.
 LIKELIHOOD
 About 9% of Americans have a substance abuse issue.
Young people are the most likely to experiment with and
abuse drugs. Drug abuse affects about 5% of adolescents
. More men than women have substance abuse disorder,
though women are more likely to have an issue with
abusing prescription medication.Children who have
parents with substance abuse issues are more likely to
have a substance abuse issue when they grow up.
 Special populations
 Certain groups of people are more likely to develop
substance abuse issues. One group is immigrants or other
people who have left their home country. They often have
issues in their new country, and some use drugs as a way
to feel better. Another group that is at risk is homeless
children. They will use drugs to become closer to each
other. A third group that is at risk is musicians. They may
use stimulants to make themselves more active and
happy. Singers can also hurt themselves if they use drugs
that are inhaled.
 HISTORY
 The first official definition for substance abuse was made in 1932 by
the American Psychiatric Association. This definition was only used
for when the substance was illegal and not being used as medicine.[30]
 In 1966, the American Medical Association defined abuse as the drug
being given by someone to themselves without a doctor.

The first edition of the Diagnos[31]
tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) had drug abuse as
a symptom of other psychological issues. In the third edition,
substance abuse was made its own issue. The DSM also has drug abuse
as a different issue than drug dependence, which is defined as
compulsive use of a drug.
 CASE STUDY-1
Drug addict butchers 4 of his family in Delhi's Palam.

Angered allegedly by the ridicule he was subjected to for being jobless, a

25-year-old drug addict murdered his parents, sister and grandmother at
their home in southwest Delhi's Palam Vihar on Tuesday night. The accused
Keshav Saini, was arrested from the spot while trying to flee with some
valuables. The bodies of Keshav's parents, Dinesh Saini, 50, and Darshana
Devi, 45, were found in pools of blood in the bathroom and those of his
sister, Urvashi, 18, and grandmother Diwano Devi, 75, in other rooms. Police
said Keshav, who was reportedly high on drugs at that time, had stabbed
each of the four several times and slit their throats.
 CASE STUDY-2
 Nurse murder case: Sacked cop made her take drugs with liquor in Punjab.
 The dismissed assistant sub-inspector (ASI)arrested for allegedly killing a
nurse had made her consume drugs with alcohol before he strangled her at his
house in Sector 86, according to police.
 Rashpal Singh, the accused, was in a live-relation with Naseeb Kaur (23). He
was married with two children. The nurse was allegedly pressuring him for
marriage. He had hidden his marital status from her . Cops said the
interrogation of the accused revealed he had asked his wife and children to
go out of station before he invited Naseeb Kaur to his house.
 After making her consume drugs with alcohol and having physical relations, he
allegedly strangled her. Cops said he drove with her body on his Honda Activa
scooter for 2km before leaving it at a bench near a pond in Sohana, where she
was residing.
 SOCIETY AND CULTURE
 Most countries have laws that make having or using certain drugs
illegal. The rules for these drugs can be different between countries
or in different parts of the same country. Many drugs that are illegal
in several places are sold to make money for groups known as 
drug cartels.
 Drug abuse can also cause issues in a country’s economy. According to
the European Union, about 2.5 billion dollars are lost each year
because of people abusing drugs. This loss comes from people not
going to work or having to go to the hospital because of side effects
of the drug. In the United Kingdom, about 29 billion dollars a year are
lost.[32] This number does not include the cost of police or other law
enforcement. In the United States, the cost was 181 billion dollars in
2002. This number includes costs because of health issues, loss of
work, law enforcement, and welfare programs.
 REFERENCES
  "Substance Abuse | Symptoms Of Drug Use | Signs of Addiction". Desert
Hope. Retrieved 2021-01-14.
 ↑ American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual
of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
 ↑ Barrett SP, Meisner JR, Stewart SH (November 2008). "What constitutes
prescription drug misuse? Problems and pitfalls of current conceptualizations"
(PDF). Curr Drug Abuse Rev 1 (3): 255–62. 
 ↑ "Desert Hope Addiction Treatment". American Addiction Centers.
Retrieved 2020-11-16.
 ↑ Isralowitz, Richard (2004). Drug use: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara,
Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-1-57607-708-5.