Scribd
Upload
101 views

Lecture 1 - BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS-1

This document provides an overview of philosophy and ethics. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and discusses its importance. The main branches of philosophy are identified as metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and aesthetics. Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the branch that examines how people should act and live in relation to others. The document outlines several sub-branches and areas of study within ethics, and discusses the importance of studying ethics to satisfy basic human needs, improve decision-making, and help identify moral values.

Uploaded by

CIARA VICTORIA LLADONES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
101 views

Lecture 1 - BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS-1

This document provides an overview of philosophy and ethics. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and discusses its importance. The main branches of philosophy are identified as metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and aesthetics. Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the branch that examines how people should act and live in relation to others. The document outlines several sub-branches and areas of study within ethics, and discusses the importance of studying ethics to satisfy basic human needs, improve decision-making, and help identify moral values.

Uploaded by

CIARA VICTORIA LLADONES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

I – BASIC CONCEPTS

IN PHILOSOPHY AND
ETHICS
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Define philosophy and ethics.


• Analyze the importance of Philosophy.
• Enumerate the branches of Philosophy.
• Enumerate the branches of Moral Philosophy (Ethics).
• Explain the importance studying Ethics or Moral
Philosophy.
MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY

• ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION (NOMINAL)

PHILOSOPHY = from Greek word “PHILOS OR PHILEIN” (to


love, to desire) and “SOPHIA” (wisdom).

= “philo” + “sophia” (love of wisdom).


PYTHAGORAS (580-500 B.C.), Greek mathematician and
philosopher who coined the word ‘Love of Wisdom”.

- Phythagorean Theorem = hypotenuse of a right


angled triangle is equal to the sum of the square on
the other two sides.
HERODOTUS (485-425 B.C) – a Greek historian known
as “Father of History”, gave the literal
meaning of the term “Philosophy” as theoretical
knowledge, that is knowledge studied for its own
sake.
DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY FROM
VARIOUS AUTHORS
1. Philosophy is a rational critical thinking of a more or less systematic
kind about the conduct of life, the general nature of the world, and
the justification of beliefs (Encyclopedia Americana, 2003).
2. Philosophy is the love or pursuit of wisdom, the search for basic
principles (New Webster’s Dictionary, 1995).
3. Philosophy is the sum of all man’s beliefs and views about the
world which guide his actions (Ariola, 1989).
DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY FROM
VARIOUS AUTHORS
4. Philosophy is an attempt to see the wonders at our existence and at our
place in the scheme of things (Melchert, 1999).
5. Philosophy is the process by which men ponder, discuss or argue over the
use, application, limits on meaning of important ideas (Bresman and Gould, 1977).
6. Philosophy focuses on conceptual clarity and understanding, from ignorance
to knowledge (Earle, 1992).
7. Philosophy is asking on the right question that initiates philosophical thinking
and direction (Barry, 1983).
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY
• Philosophy as a subject enables the student to study, learn, and master the
various branches and divisions of philosophy and the theories and beliefs of
philosophers.
• Philosophy helps the student to develop the ability to form opinions and
beliefs.
• Philosophy deepens the student’s self-awareness.
• Philosophy helps student to be creative.
• Philosophy helps student to be imaginative.
• Philosophy provides the student with better intellectual perspective.
REASONS TO STUDY PHILOSOPHY

1. Philosophy is a fascinating subject matter. It seeks not simply


knowledge ,but deep understanding and wisdom.
2. Skill development of students.
3. Great preparation for any career or graduate study.
4. For personal development.
5. It will transform you by turning your mind to the consideration of the
most basic questions concerning reality, human existence, and God.
BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
DIVISION FOCUS QUESTIONS

Metaphysics Study of existence; fundamental Why am I here?


questions of reality Where will I go later in life?

Epistemology Study of knowledge: how we How do I know that I know?


know about reality and Why do I know about it?
existence.

Logic Study of reasoning and argument Why is it valid?


How do you argue correctly?

Ethics/Moral Philosophy Study of action / deals on How should you act?


morality Is it morally right?

Aesthetics/Axiology Study of art and beauty What is beauty?


Is it an art or pornography?
ETHICS / MORAL
PHILOSOPHY
ETHICS / MORAL PHILOSOPHY

• A branch of philosophy that contemplates


what is right or wrong. It explores the nature
of morality and examines how people should
live their lives in relation to others.
ETHICS / MORAL PHILOSOPHY

• It derives from Greek word ethikos, which


comes from the word ethos or “habit” or
“custom”.
BRANCHES/ AREAS OF STUDY IN
ETHICS

1. Meta – Ethics – concerning theoretical meaning, and reference of


moral propositions, and how their values can be determined.
2. Normative Ethics – concerning the practical means of determining
a moral course of action.
3. Applied Ethics – concerning what a person is obligated / permitted
to do in a special situation or a particular domain of action.
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
1.It satisfies basic human needs.
2.It creates credibility.
3.It unites people and leaders.
4.It improves decision-making.
5.It brings long term gains.
6.It secures the society.
WHY SHOULD STUDENTS STUDY
ETHICS?
1.Ethics allows you to live an authentic and meaningful life.
2.Ethics makes you more successful.
3.Ethics allows you to cultivate inner peace.
4.Ethics provides for a stable society.
5.Ethics may help out in the afterlife.
HOW ETHICS CAN HELP US?
1. Identify different kinds of moral values and distinguish them from
other sorts of values.
2. Notice what moral values are at stake in a variety of situations.
3. Clarify the reasons behind moral judgments and moral decisions.
4. Make some sense out of many changing and conflicting moral values.
5. Decide where you will stand and fight for on difficult ethical choices
you face.
6. Understand why we are concerned on ethical matters.
END

You might also like