Rizal’s College

Education
Education in UST (W4
)
Objectives:

• At the end of the lesson, students

are expected to:
• 1. Describe Rizal’s education in UST.
• 2. Analyze the literary works of Rizal
in UST.
• 3. Appreciate Rizal’s role as champion of
Filipino students in UST.
• After graduating from
the Ateneo, Rizal
enrolled in University of
Santo Tomas taking
the course on
Philosophy and
Letters.
• Apparently, the Bachelor
of Arts course during
Spanish times was
equivalent only to the
high school and junior
college course today
• However, Doña Teodora, who
knew of what happened to
GOMBURZA vigorously
opposed the idea and told her
husband: “ Don’t send him t o
Manila again ; he knows
enough. If he gets to know
more, the Spaniards will cut
off his head.”
• Despite his mother’s tears,
Paciano accompanied his
younger brother to Manila
with the approval of Don
Francisco.
UST during Rizal’s time.
Rizal Enters the University (1877-1882)

•
He enrolled in Philosophy and Letters
because:
•
◦ (1) his father liked it and,
•
◦ (2) he was still uncertain as to what
career to pursue.
• Rizal asked the
advice of Father Pablo
Ramon, Rector of the
Ateneo on the choice
of a career.
• During his first-
year term in UST,
Rizal also took
up surveying and
assessors’
degrees at
the
Ateneo
Municipal
Rizal Finished Surveying in
Ateneo
•At the age of 17, he passed
the final examination in
the surveying course, but
he could not be granted
the title as “pe ri to
agrimensor” (expert
surveyor) until he was 21
years old.
Rizal Takes Up Medicine
• Having received the
Ateneo Rector’s advice to
study medicine and
wanted to treat the failing
eyesight of his mother,
Rizal decided to take up
medicine.
Romances with Other Girls
1. Julia Celeste Smith Julia Celeste
• Smith a 16-year-old
lady.

• She was the first

girl to ever catch
young Rizal’s eye
• Rizal was only 15 when
he first saw Julia by
accident in a river named
Dampalit in Los Baños a
few days after Easter in
1877.
2. Segunda Katigbak

Puppy love of Rizal

A girl from Lipa, Batangas.

Rizal was 16 when he fell in

love with Segunda.
3. Leonor Valenzuela
• A tall girl from Pagsanjan

• Rizal send her love notes

written in invisible ink,
that could only be
deciphered over the
warmth of the lamp or
candle.
•
◦ He sent her
love notes
with
invisible ink.
• He visited her on the
eve of his departure
to Spain and bade her
a last goodbye.
4. Miss L (Jacinta Ibardo Laza)

• ◦ Rizal did not reveal her

name.
• ◦ “A fair lady from Calamba
with seductive and
• attractive eyes.”
Reasons for his change of
heart:
•
◦ a. The sweet memory of
Segunda was still fresh in his
head
•

•
b. His father did not like the family
of “Miss L”
5. Leonor Rivera
• Rizal’s cousin from
Camiling, Tarlac.
•
• ◦ Daughter of his uncle
Antonio Rivera

• ◦ “ A frail, p r e t t y girl
tender
as budding flo w e r w i t h
kindly, wistful/regretful
eyes.”
• ◦Engaged with Rizal.
• ◦Sweetheart of Rizal for 11
years

• Leonor’s mother
disapproved of her
daughter’s
relationship
with Rizal, who was then a
known filibustero
• Leonor’s mother hid all
the letters sent by Rizal
towards his lover
Leonora.
6. Consuelo
Ortiga
•Fell in love with him

• He dedicated to her A la
Senorita C.O. y R., which
became one of his best
poems
•
Rizal used to visit the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y
Rey every Saturday evening.

• He and other Filipino Student played parlor games

with his two daughter, Pilar and Consuelo.

• It was Consuelo who awakened the sparks of love in

Rizal’s heart.
• Consuelo loved Rizal. She wrote in her diary that she
knew Rizal loved her, though he did not say it.

•
Rizal gave her flowers which she
affectionately cherished.
•
He dedicated to her A la Senorita C.O.
y R., which became one of his best
poems
A la Senorita C.O. y R. (Consuelo Ortiga y
Rey)
• Why ask for those unintellectual
verses that once, insane with
grief, I sang aghast? Or are you
maybe throwing in my face my
rank ingratitude, my bitter past?
Why resurrect unhappy memories now
when the heart awaits from love a
sign, or call the night when day begins
to smile, not knowing if another day
will shine?
• You wish to learn the cause of this
dejection delirium of despair that
anguish wove? You wish to know the
wherefore of such sorrows, and why,
a young soul, I sing not of love?
• Oh, may you never know why! For the
reason brings
melancholy but may set you
laughing.

Down with my corpse into the

grave shall go another corpse that's
buried in my stuffing!
• Something impossible, ambition,
madness, dreams of the soul, a
passion and its throes Oh, drink the
nectar that life has to offer and let
the bitter dregs in peace repose!
• Again I feel the impenetrable
shadows shrouding the soul
with the thick veils of night: a
mere bud only, not a lovely
flower, because it's destitute
of air and light
• Behold them: my poor verses, my
damned brood and sorrow suckled
each and every brat! Oh, they know
well to what they owe their being,
and maybe they themselves will tell
you what.
Analysi
s In this poem of love, Jose
•
Rizal tries to express his
feelings to Miss Consuelo
Ortiga y Rey (C.O.y R.)
through a dark and
depressing tone and
imagery, perhaps to bemoan
(express discontent or
sorrow) a love that is not
meant to be.
Rizal did not allow the romance to go on for few
reasons reasons:
•
1. He was still
engaged to Leonor
Rivera and he
would not want to
be unfaithful to
her.
•
• 2. Eduardo de Lete, his
friend deeply in love with
Consuelo.

•
• and Rizal did not
want to break
their friendship
just for a wisp of a
girl.
• Thus in the summer
1833, he made a
quick trip to Paris in
order to forget
Consuelo
7. O Sei
San
•A Japanese samurai’s
daughter
• Taught Rizal the
Japanese art of
painting known as
su-mie (black
painting).
• Helped Rizal improve
his knowledge of
Japanese language.
• If Rizal was a man
without a patriotic
mission, he would
have married this
lovely and intelligent
woman and lived a
stable and happy life
with her in Japan
because Spanish
8. Gertrude
Beckett
• Gertrude, a blue-eyed
and buxom girl was the
oldest of the three
Beckett daughters.
• She fell in love with
Rizal when they met at
London
•
Rizal suddenly left
London for Paris to
avoid Gertrude, who
was seriously in love
with him
Few reasons why Rizal went to
London

1. He was impressed by Antonio

de Morga Sánchez Garay when
he wrote the Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas/ Mga Kaganapan
sa Isla ng Pilipinas.
Who is Antonio de Morga Sánchez
Garay?
Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay

• A Spanish soldier, lawyer and a high-

ranking colonial official for 43
years, in the Philippines, New Spain
and Peru.

• He wrote “Sucesos de las Islas

Filipinas/ Mga Kaganapan sa Isla ng
Pilipinas ”
What is Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas/ Mga Kaganapan sa Isla
ng Pilipinas?
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas/ Mga Kaganapan sa Isla
ng Pilipinas

• Isang aklat na
itinuturing na isa sa
pinakamahalagang
gawa sa unang
kasaysayan ng
kolonisasyong
Espanyol ng Pilipinas
Rizal went to London and made some annotations
regarding the write up of Antonio of his La Isla Filipinas.
He made another edition of it.
• It was published in 1609( By Antonio)
●
The first English translation was published in London
in 1868 and another English translation by Blair and
Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907

•
9. Nellie Boustead

• After having lamented his frustrated

romance with Leonor Rivera on account
of the lady's engagement to another man,
Rizal came to develop considerable
affection for Nellie, the prettier and
younger daughter of Mr. Eduardo
Boustead.
• He found her to be intelligent, morally upright, and full
of life. Rizal wrote to his closest friends about his
intention to marry her.
Rizal's friends were delighted to hear that he had found
a suitable girl whom he at last wished to settle down
with. Even Antonio Luna, who had previously loved
Nellie, encouraged Rizal to court her and ask for her
hand in marriage. With all the encouragement from the
friends he held dear, Rizal wooed Nellie (also called
Nelly) who, in turn, returned his affections.
A Broken Engagement
After having lamented his frustrated romance with
Leonor Rivera on account of the lady's engagement to
another man, Rizal came to develop considerable
affection for Nellie, the prettier and younger daughter of
Mr. Eduardo Boustead. He found her to be intelligent,
morally upright, and full of life. Rizal wrote to his
closest friends about his intention to marry her.
FAILED PROPOSAL

Rizal's marriage proposal failed for two reasons: first,

Nellie demanded that he give up his Catholic faith and
convert to Protestantism, which was her religion. Rizal
did not like this idea. Second, Nelly's mother did not
approve of Rizal, as she had no desire to entrust her
daughter to a man who was wanting in wealth and
persecuted in his own country. In spite of the
circumstances, Rizal and Nellie parted as good friends
10. Suzanne Jacoby
• In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high
cost of living in Paris.

•
In Brussels, he lived in the boarding house of the
two Jacoby sisters.
•
• In time, they fell deeply in love with each other.
11.Josephine Bracken
•
An 18 year old adopted daughter of George
Taufer from Hong Kong, who came to Dapitan to
seek Rizal for eye treatment.

• Rizal was physically attracted to her. But the Rizal

sisters suspected Josephine as an agent of the friars
and they considered her as a threat to Rizal’s security.
• Rizal asked Josephine to marry him, but she was not
yet ready to make a decision due to her responsibility
to the blind Taufer.

• Since Taufer’s blindness was untreatable, he left for

Hongkong on March 1895.

• Josephine stayed with Rizal’s family in Manila. Upon

rizal’s return to Dapitan, Rizal tried to arrange
with Father Antonio Obach for their marriage
• Fr Antonio Obach of Dapitan refused to marry
them without a special dispensation from the
Bishop of Cebu.

• Because Rizal was a Mason and Josephine was a

Roman Catholic, a dispensation was not given.
Writings in UST
1. A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

He submitted his poem “To the Filipino Youth” and won

the first prize, a feather shaped silver pen decorated
with a gold ribbon.
In exquisite (extremely beautiful) verses, Rizal
beseeched (fervently to do something) the Filipino
youth:
I t became a Classic in Philippine Literature

• This winning poem of Rizal is a classic in Philippine

literature because:

• ◦ (1) It was the first great poem in Spanish written by

a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish
literary authorities and,
• ◦ (2) It expressed his nationalistic concept that the
Filipino youth is the “fair hope of my Motherland”.
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino
Youth)

Come down with pleasing light

Of art and science to the fight,
O youth, and there untie
The chains that heavy lie,
Your spirit free to blight.
 Hold high the brow serene,
O youth, where now you stand;
Let the bright sheen
Of your grace be seen,
Fair hope of my fatherland!
 Come now, thou genius grand,
And bring down inspiration;
With thy mighty hand,
Swifter than the wind's violation,
Raise the eager mind to higher station.
Come down with pleasing light
Of art and science to the fight,
O youth, and there untie
The chains that heavy lie,
Your spirit free to blight.
See how in flaming zone
Amid the shadows
thrown,
The Spaniard'a holy hand
A crown's resplendent
band
Proffers to this Indian
land.
Thou, who now wouldst rise
On wings of rich emprise,
Seeking from Olympian skies
Songs of sweetest strain,
Softer than ambrosial rain;
Thou, whose voice divine
Rivals Philomel's refrain
And with varied line
Through the night benign
Frees mortality from pain;
 Thou, who by sharp strife
Wakest thy mind to life;
And the memory bright
Of thy genius' light
Makest immortal in its strength;
 And thou, in accents clear
Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear;
Or by the brush's magic art
Takest from nature's store a part,
To fig it on the simple canvas' length;
 Go forth, and then the sacred fire
Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire;
To spread around the fame,
And in victory acclaim,
Through wider spheres the human
name
 Day, O happy day,
Fair Filipinas, for thy land!
So bless the Power to-day
That places in thy way
This favor and this fortune grand!
ANALYSES
 Rallying the Youth

Jose Rizal's poem, 'A La

Juventud Filipina', calls upon
the youth of the Philippines to
rise up and take action
It also speaks of the need
for unity and solidarity
among the youth in order
to achieve the greatest
success.
The poem emphasizes the
importance of education,
hard work, and self-
improvement in order to
create a better future.
The Power of Education

Rizal's poem emphasizes

the importance of education
in achieving success. He
speaks of the need to
educate oneself in order to
be able to understand the
world and its complexities.
He also speaks of
the need to educate
oneself in order to
create a better future
for oneself and for
the country.
 The Importance of Hard Work

Rizal's poem speaks of the

need for hard work in order
to achieve success.

He speaks of the need to

work hard and persevere in
order to reach one's goals
 He also speaks of
the need to be
patient and to
never give up,
even in the face of
adversity.
The poem “To The Philippine
Youth” is a timeless
message of hope and
encouragement to the youth
of the Philippines.
It is a call to action for the
youth to take charge of
their destiny and create a
better future for their
country.
It is a reminder that
the strength of the
nation lies in the
hands of the youth and
that they have the
power to make a
difference.
The poem is an
inspiring reminder of
the importance of the
youth in the nation’s
future.
It is a call to action
for the youth to be
brave, to stand up
for what they
believe in, and to
never give up.
It is a reminder that the
strength of the nation
lies in the hands of the
youth and that they
have the power to make
a difference.
2. El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of
Gods)
• The following year, the Liceo sponsored
another competition celebrating the fourth
centenary of the death of Miguel de
Cervantes, the national poet of Spain, without
discrimination. The title of his play “El Consejo
de los Dioses” (The Council of the Gods).
• As a result, Rizal got the first prize,
consisting of a gold ring, with the bust of
Cervantes carved in cameo on top.
Introduction

The Council of Gods is a mythical

pantheon of divine beings that
feature prominently in ancient
folklore.

They are said to be the source of

all life and the protectors of
humanity.
This presentation
will provide an
analysis of the
Council of Gods
and its significance
in the world today.
 The Council of Gods

The gods of the universe meet

in a grand chamber, with the
most powerful deities seated
at the head of the table.
They discuss the fate
of the world, debating
the laws of nature and
the balance of power.
They make decisions that will
affect the lives of mortals,
and their decisions are
binding.

The Council of Gods is a

powerful force, capable of
changing the course of
history with their decisions.
They are wise and just, and
their decisions are always in
the best interests of the
universe.

They are respected and feared,

and their power is unmatched.
The Power of the
Council

The Council of Gods

holds immense power.
They can create or
destroy worlds, and
their decisions are
absolute.
They are revered by mortals,
and their power is feared by
even the most powerful of
creatures. They are the
ultimate arbiters of justice,
and their decisions are final.
The Influence of the
Council

The Council of Gods has

a profound influence on
the universe. Their
decisions shape the
world, and their power is
absolute.
They are respected by
all, and their decisions
are binding.

They are the ultimate

authority, and their
decisions are final.
The Legacy of the Council

The legacy of the Council of Gods

is one of great power and
influence. They have shaped the
world, and their decisions are
binding.

They are respected by all, and

their power is unmatched. They
are the ultimate authority, and
their decisions are final.
The Respect of the Council

The Council of Gods is respected by

all. They are wise and just, and their
decisions are always in the best
interests of the universe.
They are respected and feared,
and their power is unmatched.
They are the ultimate arbiters of
justice, and their decisions are
binding.
The Authority of the
Council

The Council of Gods is the

ultimate authority. They
are respected by all, and
their power is feared by
even the most powerful of
creatures.
They are wise and
just, and their
decisions are always
in the best interests
of the universe.

They are the ultimate

arbiters of justice,
and their decisions
are binding.
Conclusion
The Council of Gods is an
important part of
mythology and religion, and
has had a profound impact
on modern society.
It is believed that the Council
of Gods is still active, and that
they are still providing
guidance and protection to
humanity.

This could lead to a greater

focus on spirituality and
religion in the future.
Analyses:
• José Rizal's play "El Consejo de los Dioses" (The
Council of the Gods) uncovered some relative aspects
covering the social components of the western
humanistic viewpoint.
That human beings have the:

Right, capacity, and responsibility to give

meaning and shape to their own lives) into
a literary context, and in view of the
Philippine culture.
• A growing outlook (point of view) that of which
striving for self-knowledge is the key for recognition,
as Rizal further investigates the genuine
importance of the humanly need for information and
allegorically represented the rules for a Filipino
theoretical thought.
Other Literary Works ( Spanish traditional form
of musical comedy)
1. Ju n t o Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) – zarzuela

• In 1880, when he was 19 years old; the Jesuits

asked Rizal to collaborate in the preparations for
the annual feast of Immaculate Concepcion.

• ◦ The oppressive racial discrimination at the

University of Santo Tomas gave Rizal an idea for
his one-act-play “Junto al Pasig” (Beside the
Pasig).
• The scene of the zarzuela or musical play showed
Filipinism, manifesting a nostalgia for the country’s
past or the period before the arrival of the
Spaniards, a land which now” fall off under the
power of foreign people”.
• He satirized the priest in the person of a devil who
sought adoration, and he described Spain as impious
and pictured her as the cause of the unhappiness of
his once rich and happy country. When the play was
staged the Jesuits simply laughed at the clever satire,
but some friars took it as a grave insult.
What is Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) – Zarzuela?

Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) –

Zarzuela is a traditional Spanish
musical theater genre that
combines spoken dialogue, singing,
and dance.

It is a combination of comedy,
drama, and music that is usually
performed in a theater.
The music is usually
accompanied by a small
orchestra, and the
dialogue is usually in
Spanish.

The zarzuela has been

popular in Spain since
the 18th century and is
still performed today.
2. A Filipinas – Sonnet
For the album of the Society of
Sculptors

In this sonnet, Rizal urged all Filipino

artists to glorify the Philippines
 To The Philippines

• A. A g lowing and fair l ike a houri on

high,
Full of g r ace and pure l ike the Mor n
t h at peeps When in the sk y t he clouds
are t i n t e d blue,
Of th' Indian land, a goddess sleeps.
 Analysis
• Rizal builds a description of his motherland
using simile and metaphor. He likens her to
an houri which, by definition, is one of the
beautiful maidens that in Muslim belief live
with the blessed in paradise (definition taken
from Merriam-Webster).
• The second and third lines of this first stanza
comprise one versified sentence, and when arranged
in the more modern tongue, goes, "When the clouds
are tinted blue in the sky, [she] peeps like the Morn,
pure and full of grace."
• Here he also likens his country to a sleeping goddess
of the Indian land.

•
One might ask why the poet imagines his land to
be in deep slumber; perhaps it is because he feels
she has yet to be acquainted with greatness and
with equal respect as is given to other lands.
B
. •The light foam of the
son'rous sea Doth kiss
her feet with loving
desire; The cultured West
adores her smile And the
frosty Pole her flow'red
attire.
Analysis
The Philippines as an archipelago is
described in this stanza as being kissed by
the light foam of the sea. The "feet" might
well refer to her shores, of which she has
a great multitude.
Rizal manages to include the truth about
the country being conquered by the West,
by saying that it "adores her smile." And
the rich flora and fauna of the land, the
iced caps of the globe can only dream to
match.
C.
• W ith tender ness, stammering, my
Muse
To her 'midst undines and naiads
does sing; I of fer her my for tune
and bliss:
Oh, ar tists! her b r ow chaste ring
W ith myr tle green and roses
red And lilies, and ex t o l the
Philippines!
Analysi
s• Here the poet takes a position of
humility and stands in awe and
adoration of his motherland. This is
evident through his use of the words
"tenderness" and "stammering."
He calls upon undines and naiads -
different types of water nymphs in
mythology - as well as all of nature,
represented by the three flowers:
myrtle, roses and lilies, to "extol the
Philippines."
3. Abd-El-Azis and Mohammed (Abd-El-Azis Y
Mahoma, December 1879)

Abd-El-Azis and Mohammed

were two great leaders of the
19th century.

They both belonged to the

same cultural and religious
background and had a strong
bond of friendship.
Together they championed the
cause of freedom and justice in
their respective countries.

They were both committed to the

struggle for the liberation of the
oppressed and the advancement of
a better future for all.
The Impact of Abd-El-Azis and Mohammed Today

The impact of Abd-El-Azis and

Mohammed is still felt to this
day.

They were two of the most

influential leaders of their time
and their friendship and
alliance was a source of
strength and inspiration to
many.
Their commitment to
justice, freedom, and
equality was
unwavering and their
legacy continues to
inspire people to this
day.
Rizal’s Visit to Pakil
• In the summer month of May 1881, when he was still a
medical student at UST, Rizal went on a pilgrimage
(with Saturnina, Maria, Trinidad and their female
friends) at the town of Pakil, famous shrine of the
Birhen Maria de los Dolores (Turumba) People were
dancing in the streets during the procession in honor
of the Virgin. He
Side Trip to Pagsanjan
• Rizal and his party made a side trip to the neighboring
town of Pagsanjan because:

• ◦ It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela, one of

his girl friends in Manila and,

• ◦ To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls

Champion of the Filipino
Students
• Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students
in their frequent fights against the arrogant
Spanish students.

•
Hostility between these two groups of
students exploded in angry street
rumbles where Rizal himself participated.
• In 1880, he founded a secret society of Filipino
students in UST called Compañerismo whose
members were called Companions of Jehu.
•
In one of group’s fierce encounters with the
Spanish students, Rizal was wounded on the head.

• He was immediately brought to the boarding house

while Leonor Rivera tenderly washed and dressed
his wound.
Conclusion

Jose Rizal was a powerful and

inspirational figure to Filipino
students during his lifetime. His
writings and activism sparked a
wave of patriotism and national
pride, inspiring students to stand up
for their rights and fight for freedom.
His influence on the
Filipino student
population was immense,
and his legacy continues
to this day.
Rizal was a champion of
education and self-
improvement, and his
example continues to be a
source of inspiration for
students. His teachings and
writings are still used to
inspire students to strive for
excellence and justice.
He was a champion of the
Filipino student population,
and his example continues to
be a beacon of hope and
strength.
Unhappy Days at UST
• Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican institution of
higher learning because:

• ◦ (1) the Dominican professors were hostile to

him,
• ◦ (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards, and
• ◦ (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
Academic Performance in UST
• Because of the unfriendly attitude of his professors,
Rizal the most brilliant graduate of the Ateneo, failed
to win scholastic honors.

• Although his grades in the first year of the philosophy

course were all “excellent,” they were not
impressive in the four years of his medical course
Scholastic Records in UST
• 1877-1882) Philosophy and Letters
• Preparatory Course of Theology and Law (1877-
1878)
• Cosmology—Sobresaliente [Excellent;
equivalent grade: 1.0]
• Metaphysics—Sobresaliente [Excellent: 1.0]
• Theodicy—Sobresaliente [Excellent: 1.0]
• History of Philosophy—Sobresaliente [Excellent:
1.0]
• (1878-1879) Prepatory Course of Medicine
• Advanced Physics—Aprovechado [Very Good:
1.5]
• Advanced Chemistry—Sobresaliente
[Excellent: 1.0]
• Advanced Natural History—Aprovechado [Very
Good: 1.5]
• (1878-1879) First Year of Medicine
• General Anatomy and Histology—Bueno [Good:
2.0]
• Descriptive Anatomy—Bueno [Good: 2.0]
• Exercises of Osteology and Dissection—Bueno
[Good: 2.0]
• (1879-1880) Second Year of Medicine
• General Anatomy and Histology II—Bueno
[Good: 2.0]
• Descriptive Anatomy II—Bueno [Good: 2.0]
• Exercises of Dissection—Bueno [Good: 2.0]
• Physiology, Private and Public Hygiene—Bueno
[Good: 2.0]
• (1880-1881) Third Year of Medicine
• General Pathology, Its Clinic, and Pathologic
Histology—Aprobado [Passed: 3.0]
• Therapeutics, Medical Matter and Art of
Prescribing— Sobresaliente [Excellent:
1.0]
• Surgical Anatomy, Operations, External Medical
Applications and Bandages—Bueno [Good: 2.0]
• (1881-1882) Fourth Year of Medicine
• Medical Pathology—Notable [Very Good: 1.5]
• Surgical Pathology—Notable [Very Good: 1.5]
• Obstetrics, Sicknesses of Women and Children—
Notable [Very Good: 1.5]
• Syphilography—Notable [Very Good: 1.5]
Decision to Study
Abroad
•After he finished the fourth year of his medical
course, Rizal decided to study in Spain because:
• ◦ He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
discrimination, and hostility in UST.
• ◦ He wanted to finish his medical studies.
• ◦ He sought to fulfill his secret mission.
• He did not seek permission from his parents and
his beloved Leonor Rivera to study abroad.