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Construction and Working Principles of BLDC Motor

BLDC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using a permanent magnet rotor and electronically commutated stator windings. They have a stator with 3-phase windings and a rotor with permanent magnets and position sensors. BLDC motors work by generating a rotating magnetic field from the energized stator windings that causes the rotor magnets to rotate. They have advantages like high efficiency, long life, and speed/position control but require complex electronics and position sensors. BLDC motors are commonly used in appliances, vehicles, industrial systems, and medical devices.

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mahadeva prasad m s
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410 views

Construction and Working Principles of BLDC Motor

BLDC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using a permanent magnet rotor and electronically commutated stator windings. They have a stator with 3-phase windings and a rotor with permanent magnets and position sensors. BLDC motors work by generating a rotating magnetic field from the energized stator windings that causes the rotor magnets to rotate. They have advantages like high efficiency, long life, and speed/position control but require complex electronics and position sensors. BLDC motors are commonly used in appliances, vehicles, industrial systems, and medical devices.

Uploaded by

mahadeva prasad m s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSTRUCTION AND

WORKING PRINCIPLES
OF BLDC MOTOR
BLDC MOTOR
BLDC MOTOR
BLDC (Brushless D.C Motor )
• It is a machine which is used to convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy .
• This BLDC motor is also known as electronically commutated or DC
synchronous motor .
• This motor is designed to produce high torque and speed .
• This motor has long operating life due to lack of brush and
commutator .
There are 2 main parts in BLDC motor :
Stator winding
Rotor
CONSTRUCTION OF BLDC MOTOR
• BLDC motors can be constructed in different physical
configurations .
• Depending on the stator windings ,these can be configured
as single phase , two phase or three phase motors .
• However three phase BLDC motors with permanent magnet
rotor are most commonly used .
• This motor has stator and rotor parts as like all other
motors .
STATOR
STATOR :
• Stator of a BLDC motor made up of stacked steel laminations to
carry the windings .
• These windings are placed in slots .
• These windings can be arranged in either star or delta .
• However , BLDC motors have three phase star connected stator .
• Each windings is constructed with numerous interconnected coils ,
where one or more coils are placed in each slot .
• The stator must be chosen with the correct rating of the
voltage depending on the power supply capability .
• For robotics , automotive and small applications 48V or
less voltage BLDC motors are preffered .
• For industrial applications 100V or higher rating
motors are used .
ROTOR :

• BLDC motor incorporates a permanent magnet in the


rotor .
• The number of poles in the rotor can vary from 2 to 8
pole pairs with alternate south and north pole
depending on the applications .
• In order to achieve maximum torque in the motor , the
flux density of the material should be high .
ROTOR
ROTOR POSITION SENSORS
• BLDC motor also consists of rotor position sensors which produce
electrical signals that indicate the current position of the rotor .
• Here the sensors are connected to this motor to sense some electrical
parameters .
• It will sense the electrical parameters which indicates the current
position of the rotor .
• The permanent magnet BLDC use hall sensor with 60 degree
electrical spacing on the shaft .
BLDC MOTOR
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BLDC MOTOR
• BLDC motor works on the principle of Lorentz force , which states that
whenever a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field it
experience a force .
• As a consequence of reaction force , the magnet will experience an equal and
opposite force .
• In case BLDC motor ,the current carrying conductor is stationary while the
permanent magnet moves .
• When the stator coils are electrically switched by a supply source, it
becomes electromagnet and starts producing the uniform field in the air gap.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BLDC MOTOR

There are 2 types of BLDC motors


Unipolar (half wave)BLDC motor
Bipolar (full wave )BLDC motor
• The stator winding has 3 –phase A ,B and C the input supply is given
to this particular winding depending on that the current will be
produced across this rotor and that will move or that will make rotor to
rotate in a particular manner .
• When we energize phase A , stator poles S and N are created .
• Stator S – pole attract the rotor N-pole .
• The stator phase are energized in the sequence A ,B , C, A .
• Clockwise torque is produced .
ADVANTAGES OF BLDC

No maintenance is required due to the absence of


brushes and commutators .
High efficiency (more than 75%)
Long life
Less noise
Speed and position can be controlled
DISADVANTAGES OF BLDC

It is expensive
Its has a complex construction
Need complex electronic controller .
Need additional sensors .
APPLICATIONS OF BLDC MOTOR

• Computer peripheral equipments


• Air conditioners
• Bio medical instrumentation
• In aerospace
• Electric power steering
• Instrumentation and control systems

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