Binary Operations

Dela Cruz, Aldrin C

Granaderos, Ediza R.
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Definition
A binary operation on a set is a function

Example:
Addition is a binary operation on the set of integers: For every
pair of integers , there corresponds an integer .
Multiplication is also a binary operation on the set of integers:
For every pair of integers , there corresponds an integer .
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Definition
A binary operation on a set is a function

Example:

Division is not a binary operation on the set of integers.

A binary operation on a set must be defined for all pairs of elements

from the set.
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Definition
A binary operation on a set of real numbers is a rule which
combines any two real numbers and and gives a real number.

Common binary operations Others can be defined such as

* can be

So,
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Examples
1.If Find the values of 2. If and . Find
such that .
Solution:
Solution:
.
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Examples
3. On , define by . Is binary on ?
Solution:

Let us take
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Examples
4.  Let . Check whether the usual multiplication is a binary operation on A .
Solution:

Taking the usual multiplication as binary

operation
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Properties of Binary
Operation
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Binary Operation (Closure)

A set is said to be closed under a binary operation
if for any two members from the set, the result of the
binary operation returns a member of the set.
Example 1:
If is the set of real numbers. Then under addition
the set is closed as

(This is true for all real numbers)

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Binary Operation (Closure)

Example 2:
If and . Is S closed under *?

1 0 -1
3 2 1
5 4 3

The numbers colored red is not in S. Thus, S is not

closed under *.
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Binary Operation (Closure)

Example 3:
If and . Is S closed under *?

0 2 4
2 2 2
4 2 0

∴𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 ∗
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Binary Operation (Commutative)

A binary operation * defined on a set of real numbers
is commutative if for all .

Example: Is commutative for all ?

Solution:
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Binary Operation (Commutative)

If a binary operation * is commutative
then elements are reflected in the  
leading diagonal.    
     
Which binary operations are commutative?
A B

b a c a c b
a c b b a c
c b a c b a
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Binary Operation (Commutative)

Complete the table so that is commutative.

3 b=? 1
2 1 c=?
a=? 3 2
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Binary Operation (Commutative)

Consider the binary operation ∗ defined on the set by the following
table:
Solution:
From the table

Is it commutative?
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Binary Operation (Associative)

A closed binary operation defined on a set of real
numbers is associative if for all .

For example, are associative.

and and
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Binary Operation (Associative)

EXAMPLE: 2. If
1. If
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Binary Operation (Associative)

Consider the binary operation ∗ defined on the set by the following
table:
Solution:

Is associative?
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Binary Operation (Distributive)

A closed binary operation and are defined on a set of real numbers .
If left distributive
and right distributive
Then the operation * is said to be distributive over the operation .

Example 1 :
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Binary Operation (Distributive)

Example 2: Given the binary operations * and where: and . Is the
binary operation * distributive over ?
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Binary Operation (Distributive)
Example 3: The binary operation and are defined on the set of
real numbers by Evaluate (i) , (ii). .
What conclusion can you draw from the results of (i) and (ii)?
Solution:
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Binary Operation (Distributive)

Example 4: The binary operations and are defined on the set by
the tables below.

Determine whether or not the operation is distributive over the

operation .
 Binary Operation (Distributive)
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Solution:

Here we want to determine whether

or not
for all possible arrangements
of a, b, c.
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Binary Operation (Identity)

For a binary operation , if there exists just one element such
that: where . Then is called an identity element for the operation
*.

Common Identity Elements, d

c a d b
For addition,
a b c d
For multiplication, ,
d c b a
Identity elements in tables d b d a c
(Look for where the elements
match the outer elements.)
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Binary Operation (Identity)

Finding identity elements. If where Find the identity
element .
Solution, 
Also,

∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 e=− 3

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Binary Operation (Identity)

Example 1. The binary operation is defined on the set of real
numbers by where Find the identity element of under operation
.
Solution,
Let be the identity element, then, by definition, . Thus,

or
∴ 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 e=0
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Binary Operation (Identity)

Example 2. The binary operation is defined on the set of ordered
pairs of real numbers by for all Find the identity element of
under operation.
Solution,
Let be the identity element of under the binary operation . Then
by definition,
𝑥+𝑎= 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑏= 𝑦

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑡h𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℝ 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 ⊙𝑖𝑠(0,1)

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Binary Operation (Inverse Elements)

An element is called an inverse of under the binary operation If
where is the identity element under the operation .

Inverse elements For multiplication, ,

For addition,
So,
So, the inverse of 5 under is .
So, the inverse of 4 under + is -4.
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Binary Operation (Inverse Elements)

Find the inverse of each
So,
element in the table.

d
c a d b
a b c d
d c b a
d b d a c

𝑰𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒃
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Binary Operation (Inverse Elements)

If , where Find the inverse of .
 
Identity : Inverse:
*
+=0

,
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Example
Let be \{1}. Define on by . Is binary on ? If so, examine the
existence of identity, existence of inverse properties for the
operation on .

Solution: Thus, -x
Let Be the identity element.
By definition of ,
Also, by definition of we have,
-x ,

The Identity element is .

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Example
Solution: Thus, -x
Let denote the inverse of -x
By definition of ,

Also, by definition of we have, , and so

-x
as

Inverse property holds good for A.

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Example
Let and let be the matrix multiplication. Examine the existence of
identity, existence of inverse properties for the operation ∗ on M.

SOLUTION:
Let be such that and so

Then gives Thus in M.

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 , 𝐸 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑀 .

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Example
SOLUTION:
and so
Let be such that

Thus in M.
Then gives

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑩𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑓 𝐴 ∈ 𝑀 .

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REFERENCES
https://www.math.usm.edu/schroeder/slides/fund_slides/nat_bin_
op.pdf
https://www.math.tamu.edu/~shatalov/220_Chapter_4.pdf
https://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/Charles.Eaton/Sectio
n11(2016).pdf
https://sites.millersville.edu/bikenaga/math-proof/binop/binop.pdf
https://www.brainkart.com/article/Exercise-12-1--Binary-operations
_41285/
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