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Basic Digital Computer Bba

First, second, third, fourth, and fifth generation computers are defined by the technology employed such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, VLSI, and artificial intelligence, respectively. The basic components of a computer system include input devices, output devices, a central processing unit, memory, and storage devices. A computer accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output which is stored or displayed.

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93 views

Basic Digital Computer Bba

First, second, third, fourth, and fifth generation computers are defined by the technology employed such as vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, VLSI, and artificial intelligence, respectively. The basic components of a computer system include input devices, output devices, a central processing unit, memory, and storage devices. A computer accepts data as input, processes it, and produces output which is stored or displayed.

Uploaded by

Arohi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

Generations
Generations of computers Technology Employed

First Generation Computer (1940-1956) Vacuum tubes

Second Generation Computer (1956-1963) Transistor

Third Generation Computer (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

Fourth Generation Computer (1971-Present) VLSI

Fifth Generation Computer (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence


Computer

C- Commonly
O- Operating
M- Machine
P- Particularly
U- Used for
T- TRADE and
E- Educational
R- Research
What is a computer?

A computer accept data from an input device and


processes it into useful information which it displays
on its output device.
It is a collection of hardware and software
components .it can store a large amount of
information and perform various scientific and
Mathematical tasks.
It manipulate the data according to specified rules
(process), produce information (output) from the
processing, and store the results for future use.
Computers Have Two Main Parts

1. Computer Hardware

2. Computer Software
Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware is the physical


part of the computer system, the
machinery and equipment.
What is Computer Software?

Computer Software are programs that tell the


computer what to do.
Examples
Microsoft Word-word processing program
Microsoft PowerPoint-presentation program
Microsoft Excel-work book program used to
track, calculate, and analyze numeric data
Units OF MEMORY

Bits :- it is the smaller unit of information. it can


hold only 2 no. 0 and 1.

1 byte 8 bits
1 Byte 1 character
1 kilobyte(KB) 1024 Byte
1 mega byte (MB) 1024 kb
1 Giga Byte (GB) 1024 MB

1 Tera byte 1024 GB


1 peta byte 1024 TB
Block Diagram of computer system

Storage unit

Secondary storage

Input Device Output Device


Primary storage

Control unit

A.L.U

Central processing unit


Input Devices

Input device send data and instruction to


the central processing unit.
Input Device
Examples
 Keyboard
 Mouse

 M.I.C.R.

 O.M.R
Output Device

Output devices make processed data available to


the user.
Output Device Examples
 Printers
 Impact
 Nonimpact

 Display Devices
 CRT
 LCD
Storage Devices

Removable
 Floppy disk, or diskette
 Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM
 DVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW,
DVD-RAM
 Zip disk
 Flash disk/USB drive
 Tape
Non-Removable
 Hard disk
Central Processing Unit

 The part of computer that executes programs


instructions
Is known as a processor or CPU. It has two component
1- Control Unit
2- ALU
The control unit

1. The control unit the control unit tells the rest of


the computer that how to carry out a program
Instruction. It is responsible for controlling and
transferring of data and instruction among other
unit of a computer
Memory

Memory, also called random access memory, or RAM,


consists of electronic components that store data,
instructions, and information, as needed by the
processor.
 it is also know as primary storage or main memory
This memory held the data only temporarily ,it is
stored only as long as the computer is turned on.
The arithmetic/logic unit

The Arithmetic/Logic unit (ALU) performs two


types of operations -
logical and arithmetic.
 Arithmetic operations are the fundamental
mathematics operations consisting of Addition,
Multiplication, subtraction and division .
Logical operations consist of comparison. That is, two
pieces of data are compared to see whether one is
equal to, less than or greater than the other
Elements of Computer

A computer system comprises the following five


elements.
1) Hardware
2)Software
Elements of
3)People Computer
4)Procedures
5) Data/Information
Functions of computers

A computer does mainly the following four function.


1-Received Input:-Accept information from outside through
various input Devices like keyboard, Mouse
2-Process Information:- perform Arithmetic or logical operations
on the information.
3-produce Out Put:- communicate information to the outside world
through O.UTPUT Like .Monitor and printer
4-Store Information – Store the information in storage device like
HDD , CD etc.
Component of Computers

Computer system can be divided into four parts


1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources.
CPU, Memory,I/O Devices.
2. Operating System-resource allocator, manages all
resources.
3. Application programs:-define the way in which the
system resources are used to solve the problem.
4. Users-People , machine etc.

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