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Ovarian Cysts

The document discusses ovarian cysts, including: 1. Ovarian cysts are sacs or pockets that form on the ovaries and can be benign or malignant. The most common type are functional cysts such as follicular cysts. 2. Dermoid cysts may be present from birth and grow during a woman's reproductive years. Endometriomas are cysts caused by endometriosis where tissue similar to the uterus forms outside of it. 3. Symptoms of benign cysts include pain, discomfort, and changes to menstruation. Ruptured cysts can cause bleeding and inflammation. Diagnosis involves ultrasound imaging and sometimes laparoscopy to examine and remove cysts

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Kevin Baniwal
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99 views16 pages

Ovarian Cysts

The document discusses ovarian cysts, including: 1. Ovarian cysts are sacs or pockets that form on the ovaries and can be benign or malignant. The most common type are functional cysts such as follicular cysts. 2. Dermoid cysts may be present from birth and grow during a woman's reproductive years. Endometriomas are cysts caused by endometriosis where tissue similar to the uterus forms outside of it. 3. Symptoms of benign cysts include pain, discomfort, and changes to menstruation. Ruptured cysts can cause bleeding and inflammation. Diagnosis involves ultrasound imaging and sometimes laparoscopy to examine and remove cysts

Uploaded by

Kevin Baniwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ivano frankivsk National Medical

University
Ovarian
Cysts and laparoscopy

Mehak
58+
1
Ovarian
Cysts

 The ovaries or two small glands located on either side of woman’s uterus
 They produce hormones that are necessary for work woman’s body function
and they contain eggs that are released at ovulation
 Ovarian cyst is a sac or pocket filled with fluid or other tissue that forms on
the ovary
 It is normal for a small cyst to develop on the ovaries
 In most cases cysts are Hondas and go away with their time on their own in
other cases they make us problem and need treatment

2
Classification

 There are different type of ovarian cyst. Most cysts are benign
 Rarely few cyst may turn into malignant which are cancerous

 1. Functional cysts the most common. It contains follicular cyst, corpus


luteum cyst, Teca Lutein and granulosa cyst, polycystic ovarian syndrome
dermoid cyst

 Dermoid cyst may be present from birth birth what grow during a woman’s
reproductive year
 The cyst may be found on one or both ovaries
Endometriomas

 Endometrioma Zoro Varian cyst that form as a result of endometriosis (A


condition in which tissue similar to that is normally found in uterus is found
outside of the uterus, usually in the ovaries and fallopian tube)
 This tissue response to monthly changes in hormones eventually assist may
form as the end metal tissue continues to bleed with each menstrual cycle
 Does he start sometime called chocolate cyst because they are filled with
dark and reddish brown blood
Risk factors

 Infertility treatment – patient being treated for infertility by ovulation induction


with gonadotropins or other agent such as letrozole may develop cyst as part of
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
 Pregnancy in pregnant woman’s ovarian cyst my form in second trimester when
hCG level Peak
 Hyper thyroidism TSH and HCG levels may stimulate ovaries and cyst growth
 Maternal gonadotropins the trash placental effect of maternal gonadotropins may
lead to development of neonatal and fetal ovarian cyst
 Cigarette smoking that is called function ovarian cyst is increase with cigarette
smoking
 Tubal ligation functional cysts have been associated with tubal ligation sterilization
Symptoms

 Benign cyst can be painful and discomfort morbidity also includes


menorrhagia, and increased internal menstrual interval, dysmenorrhea,
pelvic discomfort, abdominal distention
 Ovarian cyst and more likely corpus leuteal cyst can rupture causing Hemo
peritoneum, hypertension and peritonitis. This can be exhibited in woman
with bleeding dyscrasias
 Ovarian infarction, necrosis, infertility,premature ovarian manopause ,
preterm labor
Non-Neoplastic and Functional Cysts of ovary

 Non Neoplastic Cyst are more


common than the neoplastic
ones
 Follicular and Luteal cysts are
most probably physiologic
 Follicular cyst is due to
distension of unruptured
graafian follicle
 Corpus luteum cyst results from
hemorrhage into a persistent
mature corpus luteum.

8
 Theca lutein cyst is lined by luteinized theca cells
and results from gonadotrophin stimulation.
 Chocolate cyst is a blood containing cyst resulting
from endometriosis with hemorrhage. The ovary is
the most frequent site of endometriosis

9
Polycystic Ovaries
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

 Young women ,and usually in girls after menarche.


-Oligomenorrhea
-hirsutism
-infertility
-Obesity

10
Polycystic Ovaries
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

 Secondary to excessive production of estrogens and androgens, mainly


androgens
 The ovaries are usually twice normal in size ,gray-white with smooth outer
surface
 Studded with sub cortical cysts 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter.

11
Polycystic Ovaries
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

 Histologically ,thickened fibrosed


outer tunica
 Multiple cysts lined by granulosa
cells
 Absence of corpora lutea
 Cortical stromal fibrosis
 High level of LH and low FSH

12
Diagnosis

 Ultrasound- A wand-like scanner probe (transducer) isplaced on the


abdomen, over where the ovaries are. Sometimesthe probe may be placed
inside the vagina. In both cases, thedoctor is observing the ovaries on a
video screen. This test canhelp the doctor determine whether there is a cyst,
and whether itis solid, filled with fluid (or both).
 Blood test - if there is a tumor present blood levels of CA125 (aprotein) will
be elevated. High CA125 levels could also meanthe patient has ovarian
cancer. If a woman develops an ovariancyst that is partially solid she may
have ovarian cancer. HighCA125 levels may also be present in other
conditions, includingendometriosis, uterine fibroids or pelvic inflammatory
disease.
Diagnosis

 Laparoscopy - a thin, lighted instrument(laparoscope) is inserted into the


patient's abdomenthrough a small incision (skin cut). If the doctor spotsan
ovarian cyst he/she may also remove it there andthen.
Laparoscopy - treatment

 Laparoscopy (key hole surgery) - two small cuts are made in thelower
abdomen and one in the belly button. Gas is blown into thepelvis to raise
the wall of the abdomen, away from the internalorgans. A small tube with a
light on the end (a laparoscope) isinserted into the abdomen. The surgeon
can see the internalorgans. With very small tools the surgeon is able to
remove thecyst through the small incisions. In some cases a sample
(biopsy)of the cyst is taken to determine what type it is.In most cases the
patient can go home the same day. This type ofsurgery does not usually
affect a woman's fertility, and recoverytimes are much faster.
Thank you

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