REPORT IN

RESEARCH IN
LANGUAGE
EDUCATION
NORALYN J. AUSTRIA LE 604
Presenter
Table of contents
01 02 NATURE AND
KINDS OF FRAMEWORK
RESEARCH OF
LANGUAGE
RESEARCH
01
KINDS OF
RESEARCH
Kinds of Research
A. According C. According to E. According
to Purpose the Degree of to the Type
Manipulation of
Variables
of Data Used
B. According F.
D. According to
to Depth of According
the type of
Scope to the
Inference
Source of
Information
 A.
According
to Purpose
 1. THEORITICAL RESEARCH
- also referred to as pure or basic research, focuses on 
generating knowledge, regardless of its practical
application. Here, data collection is used to generate new
general concepts for a better understanding of a particular
field or to answer a theoretical research question.
Example:
 a philosophical dissertation, since the aim is to generate
new approaches from existing data without considering
how its findings can be applied or implemented in
practice.
2. APPLIED RESEARCH
- Applied research draws on theory to generate practical scientific
knowledge.

3 Types of Applied research :

1. Evaluation research
2. Research and Development
3. Action Research
Examples
 Market research, because by examining consumption patterns, strategies
can be developed for the development of new products and marketing
campaigns, etc.
B. According
to Depth of
Scope
1. Exploratory Research
- is used for the preliminary investigation of a subject that is not
yet well understood or sufficiently researched. It serves to
establish a frame of reference and a hypothesis from which an in-
depth study can be developed that will enable conclusive results
to be generated.

Example
An investigation of the role social media in the perception
of self-image.
2. Descriptive Research
The primary objective of descriptive research is to
define the characteristics of a particular phenomenon
without necessarily investigating the causes that
produce it.

Example
investigating how the public census of influential
government officials differs between urban and non-
urban areas.
 3. Explanatory Research
- the most common type of research method and is responsible for
establishing cause-and-effect relationships that allow generalizations to
be extended to similar realities. It is closely related to descriptive research,
although it provides additional information about the observed object and
its interactions with the environment.

Example  
investigating the brittle behavior of a specific material when under
compressive load.
According to the
Type of Data
Used
 1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research involves non-
numerical data, such as opinions and
literature. It uses descriptions to obtain the
meanings and feelings involved in a
situation.

Example:
 A marketing organization presents a new commercial to a
focus group before airing it publicly to receive feedback. The
company collects non-numerical data—the opinions of the
focus group participants—to make decisions.
2. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research depends on numerical data, such as
statistics and measurements, to investigate specific questions,
like how much , how many and how often. The results are
usually presented in tables or graphs.
Examples:
A car manufacturer compares the number of sales of red sedans
compared to white sedans. The research uses objective data—
the sales figures for red and white sedans—to draw conclusions.
According to the
Degree of
Manipulation of
Variables
 1. Experimental
Research
It is about designing or replicating a phenomenon whose variables
are manipulated under strictly controlled conditions in order to
identify or discover its effect on another independent variable or
object.
Example
Randomised controlled trial studies for measuring the effectiveness of
new pharmaceutical drugs on human subjects.
 2. Non-Expiremental Research

Also known as an observational study, it focuses on the analysis of a

phenomenon in its natural context. As such, the researcher does not
intervene directly, but limits their involvement to measuring the variables
required for the study

 Example
a study on the effects of the use of certain chemical substances in a
particular population group can be considered a non-experimental study.
 3. Quasi- Expiremental Research
It controls only some variables of the phenomenon under investigation and is
therefore not entirely experimental. In this case, the study and the focus group
cannot be randomly selected, but are 
chosen from existing groups or populations. 

Example
assessing the effectiveness of an intervention measure in
reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
75%
 According to the
Type of Inference
 1. Deductive
Investigation
In this type of research, reality is explained
by general laws that point to certain
conclusions; conclusions are expected to
be part of the premise of the research
problem and considered correct if the
premise is valid.
 2. Inductive
Research
In this type of research, knowledge
is generated from an observation
to achieve a generalisation. It is
based on the collection of specific
data to develop new theories.
 3. Hypothetical-
Deductive
Investigation
It is based on observing reality
to make a hypothesis, then use
deduction to obtain a
conclusion and finally verify or
reject it through experience.
According to the Source of
Information
1. Primary Research

This fundamental research type is defined by the fact that the data is
collected directly from the source, that is, it consists of primary, first-
hand information.
2. Secondary Research

Unlike primary research,

secondary research is developed
with information from secondary
sources, which are generally
based on scientific literature and
other documents compiled by
another researcher.
Kinds of Research
C.
A. According According to E. According t
to Purpose the Type of the type of
Data Used Inference
B. According D. According to F.
to Depth of the Degree of
According
Scope Manipulation of
Variables to the
Source of
Information
02
NATURE OF
LANGAUGE
RESEARCH
Nature of Language Research
A. Language C. Setting E. Related
Use Disciplines

B. Type of D. Methodology
Users
 Language Use

Language use determines primarily whether the

language is first, second, or foreign to
the speaker.

A research on the acquisition of either one of these

three uses of language will
greatly vary from one another.
 TYPES OF USERS

The type of users takes into accounts the age and

characteristic of the learners. These
are closely tied up with the language acquisition process.
It is a common belief that the
young learners acquire faster than adults
 Language Setting

Language setting identifies the environment within which

language is acquired. A native speaker acquires it in a natural
environment- at home, with family members, with playmate
second or foreign language learners acquires it in the
classroom under the supervision of a teacher
 Research Methodology

Determined by the researcher’s philosophy,

motivation for conducting the research, and condition
under which the research is conducted
 Related Discipline

Pertain to areas that influence language study like

education, psychology, sociology, anthropology and
others. A language acquisition research may consider
pedagogy, students’ motivation , the role of language
in society or the origin and development of the
language.
Nature of Language Research
A. Language C. Setting E. Related
Use Disciplines

B. Type of D. Methodology
Users
03
FRAMEWORK
OF LANGUAGE
RESEARCH
Framework of Language Research
A. Parameter 1 C. Parameter 3
( Approaches ) ( Research Design)
B.Parameter 2
D. Parameter 4
( Objectives )
( Data Collection
and Analysis )
Parameter 1: Approaches

Refers to how one views the langauge

research to be conducted . It may be viewed
in general or specific perspective
 Parameter 2: Objectives

Concerned with the purpose of the research. It may

aim to discover a certain language phenomenon and
postulate a theory about it afterwards or it may test an
already existing theory, proving or disapproving it later.
Parameter 3: Research Design
Establishes the method used in conducting the study. It deals with
handling of factors such as scope , variables , form, and writer’s point of
view.
A study using general approach aimed at generating hypothesis may deal
with a broad scope, few variables , less attention to form and an objective
point of view
Parameter 4: Data Collection and Analysis

Data in language research may constitute observed behaviors such as

language performance, written and oral; information provided by
subjects of the study such as attitude, beliefs , perceptions; records of
language proficiency from test, class ratings, etc.
Framework of Language Research
A. Parameter 1 C. Parameter 3
( Approaches ) ( Research Design)
B.Parameter 2
D. Parameter 4
( Objectives )
( Data Collection
and Analysis )
 References
www.discoverphds.com/blog/types-of-research

https://www.slideshare.net/j0hnjohn008/english-23-
language-research

MODULE 2: PARADIGM OF LANGUAGE

RESEARCH and A. NATURE OF LANGUAGE
RESEARCH ( University of the East)

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-
development/types-of-research
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 REPORT IN
RESEARCH IN
LANGUAGE
EDUCATION
NORALYN J. AUSTRIA LE 604
Presenter