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Attitude

Attitudes are evaluative statements that reflect how one feels about an object, person, or event. Attitudes have three components: affective (feelings), cognitive (knowledge), and intentional (expected behavior). Attitudes are formed over time through experiences and influence behavior in organizations. Important work-related attitudes include job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job involvement. Attitudes can change through processes like cognitive dissonance reduction.

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Jaan Mukherjee
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30 views

Attitude

Attitudes are evaluative statements that reflect how one feels about an object, person, or event. Attitudes have three components: affective (feelings), cognitive (knowledge), and intentional (expected behavior). Attitudes are formed over time through experiences and influence behavior in organizations. Important work-related attitudes include job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job involvement. Attitudes can change through processes like cognitive dissonance reduction.

Uploaded by

Jaan Mukherjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Attitudes

ATTITUDES
• Attitudes are evaluative statements—either favourable or
unfavourable—concerning
objects, people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something.
When I say
• “I like my job,” I am expressing my attitude about work. To fully
understand attitudes,
• we need to consider their fundamental properties.
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE

Attitude has three components, which are as follows:

• Affective component
• Cognitive component
• Intentional component
The Components of an Attitude
Cognitive = evaluation
My supervisor gave a promotion to
a co-worker who deserved it less
than me. My supervisor is unfair.

Affective = feeling Attitude


I dislike my supervisor! toward
supervisor

Behavioural = action
I’m looking for other work; I’ve
complained about my supervisor
to anyone who would listen.
Contd

• The affective component of an attitude reflects 'feelings


and emotions' that an individual has towards a situation.

• The cognitive component of an attitude is derived from


'knowledge' that an individual has about a situation.
• Finally, the intentional component of an attitude reflects
how an individual 'expects to behave' towards or in the
situation.
Attitude Formation And Change Forms of Attitude

• Individual attitude are formed over time as a • Work-Related Attitudes

result of repeated personal experiences with ideas, • Job Satisfaction


situations or people.
• Organizational Commitment and
Involvement

• One of the very important ways to understand


individual behavior in an organization is that of
studying attitude, which is situational specific and
learned.

 
Forms of Attitude
Work-Related Attitudes
• People in an organization form attitude about many things such as about their
salary, promotion possibilities, superiors, fringe benefits, food in the canteen,
uniform etc.

• Especially some important attitudes are job satisfaction or dissatisfaction,


organizational commitment and job involvement.
Forms of Attitude
Job Satisfaction

• Job satisfaction is an attitude reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified or fulfilled by his or her
work.

• Extensive research conducted on job satisfaction has indicated that personal factors such as an individual's
needs and aspirations determine this attitude, along with group and organizational factors such as
relationships with co-workers and supervisors, working conditions, work policies and compensation.

• A satisfied employee also tends to be absent less often, makes positive contributions, and stays with the
organization.

• In contrast, a dissatisfied employee may be absent more often may experience stress that disrupts co-
workers, and may keep continually looking for another job.
Forms of Attitude

• Organizational factors that influence employee satisfaction include pay, promotion, policies and
procedures of the organizations and working conditions.

• Group factors such as relationship with co-workers and supervisors also influence job- satisfaction.

• Similarly, satisfaction depends on individual factors like individual's needs and aspirations. If employees
are satisfied with their job, it may lead to low employee turnover and less absenteeism and vice-versa.
Forms of Attitude
Organizational Commitment and Involvement

• Two other important work-related attitudes are organizational commitment and involvement.

• Organizational commitment is the individual's feeling of identification with and attachment to an organization.

• Involvement refers to a person's willingness to be a team member and work beyond the usual standards of the job.

• An employee with little involvement is motivated by extrinsic motivational factor and an employee with strong
involvement is motivated by intrinsic motivational factors.
Changing Attitudes

Cognitive-Dissonance theory:
• Our lives are filled with attempts to change attitudes,
• Leon Festinger has proposed this theory.
to influence our decisions, or to persuade us to do
one thing or another. • Dissonance means inconsistency.

• There are several theories, which try to explain the • Cognitive dissonance refers to any incompatibility that an
individual might perceive two or more of his attitude or
phenomenon of attitude change. 
between his behavior and attitudes.

Eg: by the demands of their jobs to do or say things which


Most well known theories among them are contradicts their personal attitude, they will tend to modify
their attitude in order to make it compatible with the
a) Cognitive dissonance theory cognitive of what they have said or done.
Types of Changes
• 1. Congruent Change : In attitude means that the change is a movement in the same direction
but the intensity of feeling is reduced.
Eg: if a person dislikes his boss very much, this negative attitude may persist, but the degree of
dislike will be reduced.

• 2. Incongruent Change : Involves change of direction itself from negative to positive or vice versa
towards the person.
Eg : If in the above example, that person starts liking his boss, this is a change from negative to
positive attitude.

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