Basic Drawing

Freehand Drawing
 (2) Two types of Drawing
• Freehand Drawing
• Mechanical Drawing

• Freehand Drawing- These drawings are made

without the use of drawing instruments or
straightedges.
• Mechanical Drawing- a scale drawing of a
mechanical or architectural structure done with
precision instruments.
Drawing
 is at the heart or soul of an artist’s way
to express themselves. As a
communication tool, drawing is a
creative way to express the feelings and
thoughts of an artist or designer. A
drawing can be a sketch, a plan, a design,
or graphic representation made with the
help of pens, pencils, or crayons. 
Freehand Drawing
 Painting
 Sketching
Mechanical Drawing
 Engineering Drawing
 Architectural Drawing
Painting-is the practice of
applying paint, pigment,
color or other medium
to a solid surface.
Sketching-is a rapidly executed
freehand drawing that is not
usually intended as a finished work.
Engineering Drawing- is a type
of technical drawing that
is used to convey information
about an object
Architectural Drawing-is a
technical drawing of a building
that falls within the
definition of architecture. 
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Drawing Pencils- this is the most important

tool in drawing. It is used widely in every
formulation of a plan or a technical working
drawing. Pencils are utilized in constructing the
preliminary sketches of the plan/drawing to
ensure that every details of it are in place and
that it could be evaluated before finalizing.
Drawing pencils are made up of graphite with
addition of either polymer binder or kaolin.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment
Grades of Pencil Leads

Hard Leads- this are the group of drawing pencils that

are used where maximum accuracy is required, as on
graphical computations, charts and diagrams. The
softer leads in this group are sometimes used for line
work on engineering drawings, but their use is
restricted because the lines are apt to be too light. The
standard hard lead that is used in drawing is the 3H.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment
• Medium Leads -these grades are general purpose work in
technical drawing. The softer grades are used for technical
sketching, for lettering, arrow heads, and other freehand
work on a mechanical drawing. The harder leads are used
for line works on machine drawings and architectural
drawings. The standard hard lead that is used in drawing is
the HB.
• Soft Leads - these are too soft to be useful in mechanical
drawing. Their use for such work results in smudged, rough
lines that are hard to erase, and the lead must be
sharpened continually. These grades are use for art work
of various kinds, and for full-size details in architectural
drawing.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

In both freehand and technical drawing,

the techniques in drawing or sketching
lines are just the same. Horizontal lines
are drawn from left to right (by a right
handed person). Vertical lines are lines
that are drawn from top to bottom, while
inclined lines are generally drawn from left
to right. The short lines are drawn with the
movement of the fingers, whereas long
lines require the entire arm movement.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Head
T- square- is a tool used to draw
horizontal lines Working Body
Edge
Blade

Hole
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Triangles- is the partner

of the t-square in constructing
most of the lines in a 60 30
mechanical drawing.
They are used in drawing vertical 45

and inclined lines.

90 45
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Compass- is used to draw arcs and circles.

It is composed of two legs,
one of which is the needle point
and the other is the pencil lead point.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Eraser- eraser plays an important role in

keeping the drawing clean
and presentable.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Protractor- is used to lay out angles.

It is made of transparent plastic
and a half circle shape.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Drawing Paper- is manufactured

in four colors, namely:
white, cream,light green and buff.
It comes in different sizes of
various sheet thickness.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Drawing Tape-is used before

any drawing activity is to be started.
The drawing paper has to be fastened
on the drawing board.
The acceptable method of
fastening is with the use of tape.
 Common Drawing Tools, Materials and Equipment

Drawing Table– may refer to any

ordinary table found in a school
shop or in the home with
convenient height that will make
you comfortable while working.
Its main purpose is to provide
you a place where you can fasten your paper.
 Graphic Language
Graphic-are visual images or designs on some surface,
such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to
inform, illustrate, or entertain.

Language- the method of human communication,

either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words
in a structured and conventional way.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
• Illustration Drawing
• Life Drawing
• Emotive Drawing
• Analytic Drawing
• Perspective Drawing
• Diagrammatic Drawing
• Geometric Drawing
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Illustration Drawing-is a drawing,
painting or printed work of a
rt which explains, clarifies,
illuminates, visually represents,
or merely decorates a written text,
which may be of a literary or
commercial nature.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Life Drawing-Drawings that result from direct or real
observations are life drawings.
Life drawing, also known as still-life
drawing or figure drawing, portrays
all the expressions that are
Viewed by the artist and
captured in the picture.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose

Emotive Drawing- emphasizes

the exploration and expression
of different emotions,
feelings, and moods.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Analytic Drawing- is a traditional style
of pencil-and-paper drawing
where an artist precisely constructs
2D projections of 3D shapes using the
rules of perspective.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Perspective drawing- is used by
artists to create three-dimensional
images on a two-dimensional picture plane,
such as paper.
It represents space, distance,
volume, light, surface planes,
and scale, all viewed from a
particular eye-level
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Diagrammatic Drawing- when concepts
and ideas are explored and investigated,
these are documented on
paper through diagrammatic drawing.
Diagrams are created to depict
adjacencies and happenstance that
are likely to take place in the
immediate future.
Thus, diagrammatic drawings serve as active design
process for the instant ideas so conceived.
 Types of Drawing According to Purpose
Geometric drawing -is used particularly,
in construction fields that
demand specific dimensions.
Measured scales, true sides,
sections, and various other
descriptive views are represented
through geometric drawing.
Importance of Shading in freehand drawing and sketches

Shading is the process of making the visible surfaces of an object.

It is applied in a variety of tones or values. The following are the
tones or values of shading:

1. Light Values. This represents the surface which receives the

greatest amount of light.
2. The Medium Values. This represents the surface which
receives less amount of light.
3. Dark Values. This represents the surface very little amount of
light.
• In shading application, the source of light is assumed to be
coming from the upper left-hand corner of the drawing paper
and rays of light are imagined to be inclining at an angle of 45
degrees.
• Techniques in Shading Application
• 1. Apply the lightest shading on the part of a surface which
receives more light.
• 2. Shade the portion of a surface which receives less light with
medium values.
• 3. Shade the portion of a surface which receives little amount of
light with a heavy shade.
Methods of shading application

Line shading. A technique of showing the

various shades of an object by using lines.
Methods of shading application

Stippling. It is applied by dabbing the pencil

point or pen to produce dots on the surface of
the object.
Methods of shading application

4. Continuous Tone Shading or Smudge

Shading. This is applied by using the powdered
graphite or lead of a pencil.
Methods of shading application

Mixed shading. It is called mixed because it

applies both the line and dotted shading.
However, the lines and dotted shading must not
be applied to the same surface of the object.