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Cotrast Materials

This document discusses contrast radiography in veterinary practice. [1] Contrast radiography uses contrast agents to exaggerate differences in tissue densities on radiographs. Positive contrast agents like barium sulfate and iodine increase radiodensity, while negative agents like air decrease it. [2] Examples of contrast studies described include barium swallow for the esophagus, barium series for the stomach and small intestine, barium enema for the colon, and myelography for the spinal cord. [3] Other techniques mentioned are fasciography for tendons, peritoneography for the abdominal cavity, and cystography or double contrast radiography for the urinary bladder.

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56 views28 pages

Cotrast Materials

This document discusses contrast radiography in veterinary practice. [1] Contrast radiography uses contrast agents to exaggerate differences in tissue densities on radiographs. Positive contrast agents like barium sulfate and iodine increase radiodensity, while negative agents like air decrease it. [2] Examples of contrast studies described include barium swallow for the esophagus, barium series for the stomach and small intestine, barium enema for the colon, and myelography for the spinal cord. [3] Other techniques mentioned are fasciography for tendons, peritoneography for the abdominal cavity, and cystography or double contrast radiography for the urinary bladder.

Uploaded by

tvm1018
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY IN

VETERINARY PRACTICE

Dr P Ravi Kumar
Assistant Professor
What is radiographic density?
“It is the measure of blackness on a processed film.”

Radiographic contrast?
“Difference in various densities(blackness) of adjacent areas on a
radiograph.”
OR
“The degree to which light and dark areas of an image differ in
brightness is called contrast.”

Then Contrast radiography is defined by ?


The use of means of exaggerating the differences in densities of
tissues or organs or intraluminal filling defects usually by the
introduction of “contrast agents”.
Contrast Agents:
 A substance injected into the body that illuminates certain
structures that would be hard to see on the radiographic film.
 Positive contrast Agents: Use of contrast materials i.e
radioopaque which increases the radiodensity of the structure or
tissue in relation to sourrounding tissue. Ex. Barium sulphate,
Iodinated compounds.
 Negative Contrast agents: Which relatively decreases the
radiodensity Ex: air, carbondioxide
 Double Contrast: Use of both Positive and negative contrast
1.Barium swallow {oesophagography}

 To evaluate both structural and functional status of oesophagus


after introduction of a positive contrast media.

Indications:
 Oesophageal obstruction
 Oesophageal stenosis
 Diverticulum
 Perforations
 Mucosal diseases
 Regurgitation of undigested food
Contrast media:
70% -100%barium sulphate(liquid or paste) or iodinated oral
contrast agent.

Dose rate:
1-2ml/kg b.wt in dogs

Technique:
1.Obtain a survey radiograph of the area.
2.Place patient in lateral recumbency on x-ray table.
3.Administer slowly orally the contrast agent into patient’s
cheek.
4.As the last swallow is being administered a lateral
radiograph of the oesophagus is made.
Hiatal Hernia
2.Barium series

It is performed to evaluate the stomach and small intestine


Indications:
 History of recurrent unresponsive vomiting.
 Abnormal bowel movements.
 Suspected foreign body .
 Chronic weight loss.
 Persistent abdominal pain.
 It is routinely used in small animals but is of limited value
in large ruminants
Barium Suspension: 7-10ml Into buccal Pouch

Room air: 6-12 Kg bwt through stomach tube


Barium impregnated Poly Spheres

 These were created to study gastrointestinal motility.


 The are packaged in gelatin capsules, each capsule containing a number
of spheres.
 The spheres are to be administered with food, so It mimics the
movement of ingesta.
3.Barium enema

 It is used to outline the colon and rectum in suspected cases

of intraluminal or extra luminal obstructions.

 Barium suspension of about 15 to 20%(W/V) concentration @

20 to 30ml/kg body weight is administered slowly through a

cuffed rectal catheter by gravity flow from a large contain or

by using syringe
4.Myelography

The technique refers to the contrast radiographic examination


of the spinal cord and emerging spinal roots after injecting the
contrast material into the subarchnoid space.
indications:
To diagnose intervertebral disc protrusion, intraspinal
lesions, vertebral canal haemorrhage and spinal cord
oedema.
Contraindication:
It shouldnot be used in cases of meningitis, myelitis and
myelomalacia.
Fasciography
 It is a contrast radiographic study of tendons and associated
structures. The technique can be used to diagnose adhesion,
calcification and rupture of tendons and muscle.
Peritoneography
 It is radiographic study of the peritoneal cavity and its
contents after introduction of negative contrast agent
(pneumoperitoneography) or a combination of a negative and
a positive contrast agent (double contrast peritoneography).
 The technique is indicated to visualize outlines of various
abdominal organs and to locate a suspected abdominal mass.
It should not be used if diaphragmatic hernia is suspected
because of risk of pneumothorax.
Cystography:
Contrast studies of urinary bladder
Air is injected into the urinary bladder with the help of urinary
catheter

Double contrast Radiography:


A postive contrat material like water soluble iodine preparation is
injected into the bladder followed by air
Thank you

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