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Types of Volcanoes

The document describes the different types of volcanoes based on their structure. It discusses lava domes, shield volcanoes, composite or stratovolcanoes, and pyroclastic cones. Lava domes form small circular mounds from viscous lava. Shield volcanoes have broad, gently sloping shapes from low-viscosity lava flows. Stratovolcanoes are tall conical mountains built up from various erupted materials. Pyroclastic cones are small steep mounds formed from explosive eruptions. Each type of volcano has distinct characteristics in terms of height, shape, and slope angle.

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77 views

Types of Volcanoes

The document describes the different types of volcanoes based on their structure. It discusses lava domes, shield volcanoes, composite or stratovolcanoes, and pyroclastic cones. Lava domes form small circular mounds from viscous lava. Shield volcanoes have broad, gently sloping shapes from low-viscosity lava flows. Stratovolcanoes are tall conical mountains built up from various erupted materials. Pyroclastic cones are small steep mounds formed from explosive eruptions. Each type of volcano has distinct characteristics in terms of height, shape, and slope angle.

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Types of Volcanoes Based

on Structure
The diversity of magmas
leads to the different
structures of volcanoes.

What are these volcanic


structures, and how are
they formed?
At the end of this lesson, the given enabling competency
should be met by the students.
Describe the different types of volcanoes.
● Differentiate between volcanic architectures and
why they form.
● Describe the different types of volcanoes.
Shaping Volcanoes

In this activity, you will craft volcanoes out of clay. Make


sure to follow the instructions regarding the shape.
Mountain Volcano
• a land formation • a land formation with
without vent (opening) vent (opening)

Mt. Everest, no vent on its peak New Zealand volcano showing its vent
Volcano

• Any vent or built-


up mountain
where lava,
pyroclastic
materials, and/or
gases erupt

Mt. Fuji is an active volcano in Japan.


Parts of a Volcano

• Primary parts
• Magma chamber
• Conduit/Vent
• Crater
• Flank
• Base
• Secondary parts
• Sills
• Dikes
• Parasitic cone
• Caldera

An illustration of volcano with


the basic parts
Parts of a Volcano

● Primary parts

● Magma chamber
is an open space
or an area of a
highly fractured
substrate where
magma
accumulates.

An illustration of volcano
with the basic parts
Parts of a Volcano
● Primary parts

● Conduit is the
pipe or vent at
the heart of a
volcano where
material wells up
from beneath the
surface.

An illustration of volcano with the


basic parts
Parts of a Volcano
● Primary parts

● Crater is a
circular
depression
around a
volcanic vent
where the lava,
ash and rock
erupt out of a
volcano.
Volcanic crater
Parts of a Volcano

● Primary parts

● Volcanic
flanks are the
sides of a
volcano which
usually have
fractures.

Mt. Merapi, an active stratovolcano in


Indonesia, has beautifully folded
flanks.
Parts of a Volcano

● Primary parts:

● Volcanic base is
the bottom and
foundation of the
volcano.

A volcano in New Zealand where the


base touches the ocean water.
Parts of a Volcano
● Secondary parts

● Sills are beds of


rocks that form as
a result of rock
formation
between layers of
older materials.

A diagram highlighting the


dikes and sills
Parts of a Volcano

● Secondary parts

● Dikes are rock


sheets that can
form from
magma when
they seep into
cracks in rocks.

A diagram highlighting the


dikes and sills
Parts of a Volcano
● Secondary parts

● Parasitic cone is
the cone-shaped
accumulation of
volcanic material
not part of the
central vent of a
volcano.

Mt. Etna (Italy) and its parasitic


cone in front
Parts of a Volcano
● Secondary parts

● A caldera is a large
circular depression
with steep walls
and is at least 1-km
wide.

● Examples:
Santorini Island,
Mt. Taal Lake, Santorini Island in Greece is a remnant
Yellowstone Park in of a volcanic eruption (Minoan
USA Eruption).
Types of a Volcano
● Lava Dome
● Shield Volcano
● Stratovolcano
● Pyroclastic cones

Mt. Mayon (Albay) is an example of a


stratovolcano.
Types of a Volcano

● Lava Domes form when


viscous lava cannot flow
too far due to the
viscosity and cools into a
mound.
○ Height: small (up to
around 200 meters high)
○ Shape: circular mound
or dome-shaped
○ Slope: steep

● Examples: Mt. Didicas, Mt.


Cleveland Mt. Cleveland Lava Dome (USA)
Types of a Volcano

● Shield Volcanoes form


when low-viscosity
basaltic lava is allowed to
flow freely from a vent
stacking upon each other.
○ Height: Very tall (up to
around 9,000 meters
high)
○ Shape: Like a shield set
on the ground, broad
○ Slope: Gentle slope, ~10°
● Example: Mauna Kea in Hawaii Mauna Kea in Hawaii
Types of a Volcano
● Composite/
Stratovolcanoes form by
the accumulation of
various successive erupted
materials.
○ Height: Tall (up to 8,000
meters high)
○ Shape: Roughly symmetrical
mound
○ Slope: Steep

● Examples: Mt. Mayon, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Saint Helens (WA), one day
Mt. St. Helens before its devastating eruption
Types of a Volcano

● Pyroclastic Cones are


small, steep mounds
composed of tephra or
volcanic fragments formed
by explosive eruptions.
○ Height: Small (up to
around 400 meters high)
○ Shape: Roughly
symmetrical mound
○ Slope: Steep
● Example: Taal’s Binintiang Malaki
Binintiang Malaki, the largest
pyroclastic cone of Taal
● Volcanoes have distinct parts. These include the crater,
magma chamber, conduits, dikes, sills, and the vents
which could be a central vent, flank vent, or fissure.
● Volcanoes may also be classified based on mound structure.
○ Lava domes are roughly circular. These domes form when
viscous lava cannot flow too far due to the viscosity and cools
into a mound.
○ Shield volcanoes are broad gently-sloping mounds shaped like
a soldier’s shield.
○ Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are
tall, steep, conical mountains.
○ Pyroclastic cones are small, steep mounds composed of
tephra or volcanic fragments formed by explosive eruptions.

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