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Statistics (Part 1)

This document provides an overview of different types of statistical charts, including bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, and histograms. It defines discrete and continuous data and explains how each type of chart can be used to represent different kinds of data. Bar charts and pie charts are generally used for discrete data, while line graphs can show trends over time for any data type. Histograms display the distribution of a continuous variable.

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ABRIANNA HARRIS
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47 views

Statistics (Part 1)

This document provides an overview of different types of statistical charts, including bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, and histograms. It defines discrete and continuous data and explains how each type of chart can be used to represent different kinds of data. Bar charts and pie charts are generally used for discrete data, while line graphs can show trends over time for any data type. Histograms display the distribution of a continuous variable.

Uploaded by

ABRIANNA HARRIS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics (Part 1)

Topics to be covered:
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Line Graph
Histogram
Discrete Data

Discrete Data can only take certain values


therefore Discrete data is countable.

For example:
1. The number of students in a class
(you can't have half a student)
2. The results of rolling 2 dice: can
only have the values 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9,10, 11 and 12
Continuous Data

Continuous Data can take any value (within a range)


Continuous data is measurable.

For example:
1. A person's height: could be any value (within the
range of human heights), not just certain fixed heights,
2. Time in a race: you could even measure it to
fractions of a second,
3. A dog's weight,
4. The length of a leaf,
Lots more!
Bar Chart

A bar chart (vertical bar chart/column graph or


horizontal bar chart) consists of a number of
rectangular bars of the same width which can
be drawn vertically or horizontally and are
evenly spaced out. The height or length of
each rectangular bar is directly proportional to
the magnitude of the data that it is
representing.
Bar charts tend to be used to represent
discrete data.
Bar Chart
Interpretation

The chart is constructed such that the


lengths of the different bars are proportional
to the size of the category they represent.
The x-axis represents the different categories
and so has no scale. In order to emphasize
the fact that the categories are discrete, a
gap is left between the bars on the x-axis.
The y-axis does have a scale and this
indicates the units of measurement.  
Pie Chart

A pie chart is a circular diagram which is


another way of representing statistical
information. The circle is divided into sectors of
varying sector angle or areas. Each sector angle
or area is directly proportional to the magnitude
of information that it is representing. In reality
each sector is shaded in a different colour.
The advantage of using a pie chart is the fact
that it shows how a whole quantity is divided
into parts and what size these parts are with
respect to each other and to the whole.
Pie Chart

• If 50 persons were assessed in this survey,


how many would have been spending 37.5%
of their income on food?
Interpretation

It is simple to read a pie chart.  Just look at


the required sector representing an item
(or category) and read off the value.  For
example, the weekly expenditure of the
family on food is 37.5% of the total
expenditure measured.
A pie chart is used to compare the different
parts that make up a whole amount.
Line Graph

Represents data by means of drawing a


line. It is a graph that is constructed by
joining sets of points together in a
consecutive manner. The set of points
represents known values of a given
variable,
Normally time is plotted along the
horizontal axis.
Line graphs are very good for showing
upward or downward trends.
Line Graph
Histogram

A histogram consist of a number of


rectangular bars which can be of
different widths. These bars are always
drawn vertically and are drawn side to
side without leaving any space.
The frequency of a variable is directly
proportional to the area of each bar,
since in general the bars can be of
different widths
Histogram
Interpretation

This graph shows the ages of the Best


Actress Academy Award winners. On the
right side there are a few actresses whose
ages are older than the rest. Most of the
actresses were between 20 and 50 years of
age when they won. A few actresses were
between 60–65 years of age when they won
their Oscars, and a handful were 70 years or
older.

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