1.

1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

India has one of the largest groups of school going children,

especially in rural areas. There are about 6.3 lakh rural schools

both primary and upper primary with 80 million school going

children. The school age children account for about 25% of the

population in India. In every 1000 school children 10 are

suffers from different type of preventable diseases

 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Common

Health Problems In School Children among Teachers in

Selected Primary Schools, Hyderabad.”

 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To develop and validate Planned Teaching Program (PTP) on
Common Health Problems (CHP) in School Children among
Teachers in selected Primary schools.
 To determine the level of Knowledge on Common Health Problems
in School Children among Teachers before and after the Planned
Teaching Program
 To evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on
Common Health Problems in School Children, among Teachers in
selected Primary Schools in terms of gain in Knowledge.
 To find out the association between post-test Knowledge scores on
Common Health Problems in School Children among Teachers and
 1.4 HYPOTHESES

 H1 There will be a significant increase in the post-test

Knowledge scores on Common Health Problems in School
Children among Teachers at 0.05 level of significance

 H2 There will be a significant association between the

selected Demographic variables and the Knowledge
scores on Common Health Problems in School Children
among Teachers at 0.05 level of significance
1.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
 Effectiveness
 Knowledge
 Teacher
 Planed Teaching Programme
 Common Health Problems
 School Children
 Perception Interaction Goal Action Transaction

Assessment of To improve The investigator

Teachers the will conduct
Knowledge on Knowledge Planned Teaching Inadequate
Common Health Pre- of Teachers Program on Post-
Problems in test on (33.3)
Common Health test
school children Common Problems in Moderately
with Health school children to adequate
Demographic Problems improve the
variables in School Knowledge of (33.3-66.6)
children Teachers Adequate

(>66.6)

Not included in the Study

Figure No.1: Conceptual Frame Work According to Modified Imogene

King’s Goal Attainment Conceptual Theory (1981)
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1Prevalence of Common Health Problems in School
children

2.2 Knowledge on Common Health Problems in School

Children among Teachers
2.3 Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on
Common Health Problems in School Children
 Research Approach: Quantitative Approach

Research Design:Quasi experimental one group pre test post test design

Study Setting: A.P Residential School,Urdu School,Borabanda Hyd.

Target Population: Teachers.

Accessible population: Teachers of AP residential school, urdu school boraband, hyderabad

Sample, sample size & Sampling technique:

50 teachers who met the study criteria, simple random sampling

Development of Tool for data collection

Step 1: Preparation of tool Step 2: Conducting

Part A: Demographic profile - Validity of the tool
Part B:common health Problems - Reliability of the tool,
in school children. - Pilot study

Pre test PTP Post test

Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential statistics

Conclusion and dissemination of findings

Fig 02: Schematic Representation of the Study design

3.2 VARIABLES UNDER STUDY

3.2.1 Independent variable

3.2.2 Dependent variable

3.2.3 Demographic variables

 3.3 Criteria for sample selection

3.3.1 Inclusion criteria

The study included the Teachers who were

 working in primary schools

 available at the time of data collection.

 Cooperating and willing to participate in the study

3.3.2 EXCLUSION CRITERIA

The study excludes Teachers

 from high school

 who are absent at the time of data collection

 who were not willing to participate in the study

 3.7 PILOT STUDY

After obtaining formal permission from the concerned

authority the investigator conducted pilot study with Five

samples in LBM school from 30.1. 2015 to 6.01.2015 by using

simple random sampling technique. The selected sample was

explained about the purpose of the study, and confidentiality of

their responses. Structured knowledge questionnaire including

demographic profile was administered.

 Samples took approximately 25 min to complete it. On the

same day Planned Teaching Programme on Common

Health Problems in School children was administered with

explanation and doubt clarification by researcher for 45

minutes. Post test was conducted after the administration

of intervention. Pilot study revealed that the research

methodology was feasible for conduct of the final study.

TABLE:1FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE
DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
S.No Demographic variable frequency Percentage%

1 Age in years(28 to 32) 20 40%

2 Gender (Female) 38 76%

3 Marital status(Married) 40 80%

4 Qualification(BSc,BE.d) 20 40%

5 Years of experience (Below 5 years) 23 46%

6 Previous knowledge (No) 32 64%

7 Source of information 10 20%

(Friends and peers)
 TABLE:2 FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES.

Knowledge scores Pre test Post test

frequency  percentage  frequency percentage 

Inadequate
Knowledge (<33.33%) 15  30  7  14

Moderately adequate
Knowledge (33.33%-  35  70  39  78

66.66%)
Adequate
Knowledge (>66.66%)  0  0  4  8
 TABLE-3 MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION(SD), STANDARD
ERROR(SE), PAIRED ‘T’ VALUE OF KNOWLEDGE SCORES

             

             

Knowledge
Scores Mean SD SE Paired ‘t’Value Df Inferences
   

Cal Tab
Value Value

       

  Pre test   17.040  2.618   0.3702

8.198 2.02 49 S*

  Post test   18.720   2.914   0.4121

 TABLE:4 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POST TEST KNOWLEDGE
SCORES AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
s. Demograph Knowledge Cal. Tab. df inferenc
no ic variables value value e

inadequ Moderate adequ

ate ly ate
adequate
1. Age
23 to 27 2 7 1 2.534 9.49 4 N
28 to 32 4 15 1
33 and 1 17 2
above
2 Gender
Male 0 9 3 7.933 5.99 2 S*
Female 7 30 1
3 Marital
status
Married 6 31 3 0.212 5.99 2 N
Un married 3 7 0
Divorced 0 0 0
 TABLE- 4 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POST TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

s.no Demograph Knowledge Cal. Tab. df inference

ic variables value value

Inadequa Moderate Adequa

te te
4 Educational
qualification
BSC,B.Ed 2 15 3 4.315 12.59 6 N
BA, B.Ed 2 6 0
PG 1 10 0
Others 2 8 1
5. Years of
experience
Below 5 yrs 3 17 3 1.698 9.49 4 N
6 to 10 yrs 3 18 1
Above 10 1 4 0
yrs
6. Previous
knowledge
Yes 2 13 3 2.929 5.99 2 N
No 5 26 1
 5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Section-1 Findings related to demographic variables

 The maximum number (40%) of Teachers were in the age
group of 28-32 and 32 above
 Out of 50 majority (76%) of Teachers were females.
 Majority (40%) of the Teachers qualification was BSc. B.Ed.
 Majority (46%) of Teachers had below 5 years of experience
 Highest percent (64%) of the Teachers have no previous
information
 Majority (20%) of the Teachers had information through
friends and peers
SECTION-II FINDINGS RELATED TO
TEACHERS LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN
SCHOOL CHILDREN
The present study revealed that
 Only (30%) of teachers had inadequate knowledge, while
(70%) of teachers are having moderately adequate
knowledge and none (0%) of the teachers had adequate
knowledge in pre test regarding common health problems
in school children. This reveals that majority of the
teachers had moderately adequate knowledge and need
to be educated and informed about common health
problems in school children
 Highest percent (78%) of teachers reported moderately

adequate knowledge while (8%) of them had adequate

knowledge and remaining (14%) of them had

inadequate knowledge. This reveals that majority of the

teachers improved their knowledge scores after

planned teaching programme on common health

problems in school children.

SECTION- III FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE
TEST AND POST TEST KNOWLEDGE
SCORES

 The post test mean knowledge score was 18.7200 with

standard deviation 2.91401 significantly higher than the pre-

test mean score 17.040 . The statistical paired test value for

over all knowledge was found to be 8.198 which indicates

there was difference in pre test and post test knowledge

score and was found to be statistically significant at 0.05

level
 There was a significant difference between the pre-test

and post-test Knowledge scores on Common Health

Problems in School Children among Teachers in selected

Primary Schools at 0.05 level of significance Hence H1

was accepted
SECTION- IV FINDINGS RELATED TO
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE
AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

There is statistical significant association between the level

of knowledge and demographic variables of teachers such
as gender. Hence, the hypothesis H2 was accepted for
variables such as gender. However, the association between
knowledge and variables such as age, marital status,
educational qualification, years of experience, previous
knowledge and source of information was not significant,
hence the H2 was rejected for these variables
Objective Results Supported studies

To Out of 50 teachers majority(70%) A study wa conducted by Panwanda

determine had moderate knowledge, G (2014). To assess the effectiveness
the level of while(30%) of teachers are having of structured planned health education
knowledge inadequate knowledge and none using film slides on worm infestations
on common (0%) of the teachers had adequate among school teachers at Hassan,
health knowledge in pre test regarding Karnataka. The sample of 70 school
problems in common health problems in school teachers were selected through simple
school children. This reveals that majority random sampling technique and pre
children of the teachers had moderately test was conducted using structured
among adequate knowledge and need to questionnaire and pre test was done.
teachers be educated and informed about A film show on worm infestation was
before and common health problems in school given. After seven days post test was
after the children. Highest percent (78%) of done with same questionnaire. The
planned teachers reported moderately results shows that the pretest mean
teaching adequate knowledge while (8%) of score is 8.2 while post test score
programme. them had adequate knowledge and mean is 25.1 that show the film show
remaining (14%) of them had is effectiveness and there was no
inadequate knowledge. This reveals significant association between
that majority of the teachers demographic variables with post test
improved their knowledge scores score.
after planned teaching programme
on common health problems in
school children.
Objective Result Spported study

To evaluate the The post test mean An evaluative study conducted by ashly lukose
effectiveness of knowledge score and bharath nayak. Using one group pre test post
planned was 18.7200 with test was conducted among 30 school teachers in a
teaching standard deviation selected school of udipi, karnataka. The main aim
programme on 2.91401 of the study was to assess the knowledge of
common health significantly higher school teachera regarding the management of
problems in than the pre-test dental caries and to evaluate the effectiveness of
school children, mean score. The STP on knowledge regarding management of
among dental caries.the pre test knowledge and post test
statistical paired ‘t’
teachers in knowledge ot 30 school teachers were assessed
selected test value for over using structured knowledge questionaire.the data
primary schools all knowledge was dipicted that the pre test mean and SD WAS 4.87
in terms of gain found to be 8.198 and 1.592 where as the post test it was 6.37 and
in knowledge. which indicates 1.564 there was in increase in both the mean and
there was standard deviation from the pre test to the post
difference in pre test knwoledge scores. The difference in mean pre
test and post test test and post test knowledge scores of the children
knowledge score was found to be significant (t= 9.702, p< 0.05) the
and was found to findings showed that school teachers had gained
be statistically knowledge in post test which implies that the STP
significant at 0.05 was effective in improving the knowledge of school
level teacher.
Objective Result Sopported study

To find out the There was statistically A study was conducted by surya prakash k.(2014)
association significant association to evaluate the effectiveness of educational
between post between the level of intervention on common health problem among
test knowledge and school age children. 60 school children in udipi
knowledge demographic variables government school were selected by using simple
scores on of teachers such as random sampling technique. The pretest mean
common gender. Hence, the knowledge score was 23.233 posttest was 39.933
health hypothesis H2 was with the standard error mean 0 .495and standard
problems in accepted for variables deviation of 3.841. showed that the improvement
school such as gender. score of mean value was 16.70 with the standard
children However, the deviation of 1.54and the ‘t’ test value was 83.80
among association between which were statistically significant. The
teachers and knowledge and asscociation between knowledge and
selected variables such as age, demographic variables such as age of children,
demographic marital status, sex, standard of student, religion, educational
variables. educational status of the father, occupational status of the
qualification, years of father, income of family, type of family, area at
experience, previous residence, source of knowledge were computed
knowledge and source by using chisquare test the calculated values
of information was not obtained was less than the tabulated value. There
significant, hence the fore it indicates that there is no association
H2 was rejected for between the knowledge scores and the
these variables demographic variable.
 5.2.1 NURSING EDUCATION
 The present study emphasizes on enhancement of
Knowledge of teachers to develop good Practice
regarding care of school children.
 Nurse educators should make aware in the Teachers as
well as the public and their role in managing, preventing,
Common Health Problems in school children.
 The Nurse educators learning experience should
emphases on the prevention of Common Health
Problems in school children and promotion of Knowledge
on various communicable diseases that occur in children.
 5.2.2 NURSING PRACTICE
 Health promotion is one of the role of a nurse, hence it
accountability has to be stressed. Nurses should put their
effort to update their Knowledge.
 Nurses are in a better position to provide Knowledge to the
many other professionals like Teachers. Hence, nurses
should take keen interest in preparing different teaching
strategies like Planned Teaching Program with different
audio visual aids, are suitable to the schools, colleges and
community.
 5.2.3. NURSING ADMINISTRATION
 Nurses as administrators play an important role in educating the
nursing and other health care professionals Hence, the nurse
administrators should plan and organize various educational
programs including in-service and continuing nursing education
programs.
 The Nurse administrator has a role in planning the policies for
imparting education related to school health programs.
 Nurse administrators need to organize education programs by using
advanced technology for the nursing personnel and motivate them to
conduct school health programs which would benefit teacher’s
students and community.
 5.2.4 NURSING RESEARCH
 The essence of research is to build a body of Knowledge in nursing.
The present study findings serve as the basis for the professionals
and students to conduct further studies on Common Health
Problems in school children.
 Present study would help the nurse to understand the level of
Knowledge of Teachers on Common Health Problems in school
children.
 The gaps exist between the needs and expectations for the
workforce in health care environments especially in school health
services. These gaps are filled through conducting various research
activities.
5.7 Limitations of the Study
The Study is limited to:
 No broad generalization could made due to the small size of
sample and limited area of setting.
 The study did not use any control group which possibly will
decrease credibility of the study.
 No attempt was made to control the extraneous variables
hence the findings cannot be generalized.
 Only a single domain that is Knowledge is measured in the
present study. Hence, the findings cannot be generalized to
other areas of domains such as attitude and practice.
 5.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
 On the basis of the study, certain suggestions are given for
future studies.
 A similar study can be done on large population, with the
intention that generalization might be possible to a larger
population.
 A comparative study can be carried out between effectiveness
of Planned Teaching Program and video assisted teaching
program.
 A similar study can be undertaken with a control group design.
 CONCLUSION

On the basis of this study the researcher concluded that the

Knowledge of Teachers was inadequate. The Planned Teaching

Program helps them to acquire valuable information on Common

Health Problems in school children.

The study results showed that there is a significant improvement

in the Knowledge of Teachers on Common Health Problems in

School Children after participation in the Planned Teaching Program.