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(Interviewer-Administered Questionnaires: - Structured Interview

The document discusses different types of interviews including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. It also covers topics like interviewing competence, dealing with difficult participants, focus groups, and electronic interviews. The types of interviews vary in the level of structure and standardization used as well as the common understanding between the interviewer and interviewee.

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GUNAL V
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37 views

(Interviewer-Administered Questionnaires: - Structured Interview

The document discusses different types of interviews including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. It also covers topics like interviewing competence, dealing with difficult participants, focus groups, and electronic interviews. The types of interviews vary in the level of structure and standardization used as well as the common understanding between the interviewer and interviewee.

Uploaded by

GUNAL V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of interview

- structured interview
- questionnaires based on a predetermined and standardised, or
identical set of questions (interviewer-administered questionnaires ；

- semi-structured interview ）
researcher have a list of themes and questions to be covered.
Some questions omitted in particular interviews in a specific
organisational context.
(qualitative research interviews)

- unstructured or in-depth interview ）


No pre-determined list of questions to work through, but
researcher has clear ideas about the aspects that he want to
explore.
informant interview : interviewee’s perceptions that guide the conduct of the
interview ）
respond interview ： interviewer directs the interview and interviewee responds
to the the questions of researcher)
Types of interview

Structured interviews Standardised


(interviewer administered interviews
interviews)

Semi-structured
interviews
(Qualitative research
interviews)
non-standardised Respondent
interviews interviews

Unstructured/in- Informant
depth interviews interviews
(In-depth interviews)
Types of interview

Common understanding No Part of Common No little Common


of the research topic understanding understanding
(interviewer-interviewee) of the research topic of the research topic

yes yes yes

Interviewee can offer No


Semi-structured Interview No unstructured Interview can
quantitative infor. of can offer infor. of the offer infor. of the
the research topic research topic research topic
yes yes yes

Structured interview Semi-Structured interview unstructured interview


Types of interview
Situations for non-standardised (qual.) interviews

• Purpose of the research


descriptive, explanatory, exploratory
• Significance of establishing personal contact
inter-personal trust
• Nature of the data collection questions
large number of Qs;
complex, open-ended questions, order and logic of Qs may need to be
varied.

• Length of time required and completeness of


the process
Structured, semi-structured, unstructured
Data quality issues

• Reliability: whether alternative researchers would


reveal similar information.
-interviewer bias (lack of standardisation)
-interviewee/response bias
-time consuming leads to inpatient response
• Validity: the extent to which the researcher gains
access to their participant’ knowledge and
experience, and is able to infer a meaning that the
participant intended from the language that was used
by the person.
-flexible and responsive interaction
-topics to be covered from a various angles
-can NOT be used to make generalisations about the entire
population
Data quality issues

Overcoming data quality issues


• Preparation
-level of knowledge
-level of information supplied to the interviewee
-appropriateness of location
-appropriateness of researcher’s appearance at the interview
-nature of the opening comments to be made when the interview commences
-approach to quetioning
-nature of impact of the interviewer's behaviour during the course of the
interview
-demonstration of attentive listening skills
-scope to test understanding
-approach to recording data
-cultural differences and bias
• Genaralisability
-single case study (well-competed and rigorous)
-theoretical propostions
4. Interviewing competence

• Opening the interview


• Using appropriate language
• Questioning
• Listening
• Testing and summarising understanding
• Recognising and dealing with difficult
participants
• Recording data
4. Interviewing competence

• Questioning
-open questions (what, why, how)
Why did the org. introduce its marketing strategy?
what methods have been used to make employees redundant ( 裁员 )?
how has corporate strategy changed over the past five years?

-probing questions (what, why, how)


How would you evaluate the success of this new marketing strategy?
Why? What?

-specific and closed questions


How many?
Do you mean that …
Did I hear you say that …
When …; Where…; Who…
Interviewing competence

• Recognising and dealing with difficult participants

monosyllabic answers: yes, no


limited time; worries about anonymity; have no interests;
→ open Qs, long pauses,
repeat long answers digressing from your focus
→ interrupt without offense, referring back to earlier relevant point
show-off, criticising
→ be knowledgeable about the research topic, be confident, be
patient
upset, cry
→ be patient and stop to ask questions

• Recording information
audio-recording + brief notes (non-verbal cues)
Notes taking
Group interview and focus groups

Organising the group interview


• Request to individual participate sent as an instruction( 指
示)
• Group the participants by horizontal slices (not vertical )
• Reduce the contribution of one or two dominating speakers
• Ensure that participants understand each other’s
contributions
• Locate the group interview in a neutral ( 中立的 ) setting
• Reach a theory saturation (no longer receiving new infor.)
Group interview and focus groups

• Focus group: a group interview where the topic is


defined clearly and precisely and there is a focus on
enabling and recording interactive discussion between
participants.
• The role of Moderator/ facilitator
- keep the group within the boundaries of the topic being
discussed
- generate interest in the topic and encourage discussion,
whist at the same time not leading the group towards
certain opinions
6. Electronic interviews

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